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Designing a Context-Driven problem-solving method with Metacognitive Scaffolding Experience Intervention for Biology Instruction

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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY 2024年第6期33卷 811-822页

作者： Eticha, Merga Dinssa Hunde, Adula Bekele Ketema, Tsige Jimma Univ Coll Nat Sci Dept Biol Jimma Ethiopia Shambu Coll Teachers Educ Dept Biol Shambu Ethiopia Kotebe Univ Educ Dept Curriculum & Instruct Sci Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Learner-centered instructional practices, such as the metacognitive strategies scaffolding the problem-solving method for Biology instruction, have been shown to promote students' autonomy and self-direction, significantly enhancing their understanding of scientific concepts. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the importance and procedures of context analysis in the development of a context-driven problem-solving method with a metacognitive scaffolding instructional approach, which enhances students' learning effectiveness in Biology. Therefore, the study was conducted in the Biology departments of secondary schools in Shambu Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The study employed mixed-methods research to collect and analyze data, involving 12 teachers and 80 students. The data collection tools used were interviews, observations, and a questionnaire. The study revealed that conducting a context analysis that involves teachers, students, and learning contexts is essential in designing a context-driven problem-solving method with metacognitive scaffolding for Biology instruction, which provides authentic examples, instructional content, and engaging scenarios for teachers and students. As a result, the findings of this study provide a practical instructional strategy that can be applied to studies aimed at designing a context-driven problem-solving method with metacognitive scaffolding with the potential to influence instructional practices.

关键词： Biology learning Context analysis Ethiopia Metacognitive scaffolding problem-solving method Shambu

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Implementing problem-solving method in Learning Programming Application

Implementing Problem-Solving Method in Learning Programming ...

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International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICELTICs)

作者： Mutiawani, Viska Juwita Afidh, Razief Perucha Fauzie Novitasari, Dwi Syiah Kuala Univ Math & Nat Sci Fac Dept Informat Banda Aceh Indonesia Syiah Kuala Univ Math & Nat Sci Fac Informat Management Diploma Programme Banda Aceh Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538629345

Programming is a compulsory subject in majors related to informatics and computer science at the college and university level. Programming involves many aspects of learning, starting from analyzing problems, implementing solutions with specific programming language, running programs and fixing errors or bugs. Preliminary research related to difficulty of programming has been done by distributing questionnaires to 37 students at Informatics department. The result obtained was a score of 3.7 out of 5 scale, that means most of students agreed that programming is a difficult course. Programming requires ability and skill in analyzing problems and applying algorithm to programming language. This ability is difficult to obtain if students don't have lots of practices to solve problems. Thus this research developed a prototype of application to learn basic programming concept that utilizes problem-solving method. problem-solving method was used because this method is very relevant to the concept of programming itself, which is to solve problem with particular algorithm. So the application has many exercises to be solved and can train basic programming skills. The prototype application is named LariJava. It was implemented in Informatics department, FMIPA Unsyiah. The implementation was analyzed by using Fishbein model. Fishbein model has attributes to measure and this research used 5 attributes, namely difficulty of programming, programming logic, learning situation, lack of example with solution, and ease of use for application interface. The questionnaire was distributed to random 37 Informatics students. The calculation of Fishbein model came out with Ao score which is 78.08. That score means users' attitude toward LariJava application was positive or users positively think that LariJava can help them to learn basic programming skill through problem-solving method.

关键词： programming learning application basic programming problem-solving method

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Examining the Impact: Pencil-and-Paper Versus Touch-Screen Assessments in Augmented Reality Learning 26th

Examining the Impact: Pencil-and-Paper Versus Touch-Screen A...

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26th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII)

作者： Kang, NaYeon Kim, Jung Hyup Univ Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031619526;9783031619533

This research examines the effects of assessments conducted through traditional pencil-and-paper versus touch-screen-based approaches in the context of Augmented Reality (AR) learning. Utilizing AR devices and real-time sensors, we established an educational setting to enhance learner interaction. The assessment methodology was modified to optimize the AR learning environment. In our previous study, participants were equipped with motion sensors to capture their movements, and their learning attitudes were assessed accordingly. We also used the same AR system in the current study. Notably, the key difference from the previous experiment is in assessment methods. In the prior study, questionnaires were administered on paper, and participants received feedback post-experiment. In contrast, the current experiment involved participants receiving questionnaires on a touch screen, with immediate feedback provided after each problem solution. After the AR learning, we asked participants to fill out the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scales (SCLS). The results revealed that the student's responses corresponding to two questions: "I enjoyed how my instructor taught the Augmented Reality module" and "It is my responsibility to learn what I need to know from this Augmented Reality module," show significant differences between Pencil-and-Paper and Touch-Screen Assessments in AR Learning.

关键词： AR Learning AR Education problem-solving method

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GENERAL problemS OF METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUEJCGM GUM-6:2020: COMMENTS ON THE RUSSIAN TRANSLATION

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MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2022年第6期65卷 397-404页

作者： Levin, S. F. Moscow Inst Expertise & Testing MIEI Moscow Russia

The paper briefly describes the Russian translation of JCGM GUM-6:2020, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement - Part 6: Developing and Using Measurement Models, while covering issues related to the inadequacy of mathematical models representing measurement objects. It is shown that, despite a generally correct statement of the problem associated with the inadequate specification of "measurands " in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (translated in 1999), its solution does not include the quantification of "intrinsic uncertainty. " No solution to this problem was found in JCGM GUM-6:2020 as well, even though its text mentions the right idea, i.e., to use the extrapolation errors of models as a criterion for their identification, as well as providing several specific and useful, yet well-known, mathematical recommendations.

关键词： measurement problem problem-solving method indirect measurement method inadequacy error probability distribution composition convolution

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Measurements and Calculations as the Subject Matter of Modern Metrology

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MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2022年第5期65卷 321-329页

作者： Levin, S. F. Moscow Inst Expertise & Tests Moscow Russia

The synonymy issue of measurements and calculations is considered, which long prevented the proper regulatory and procedural analysis of inadequacy issues for the mathematical models of measurement objects, i.e., one of the most important metrological problems. Conceptually, the solution to the problem of inadequacy in the identification of mathematical models using joint measurement data involves a transition from the synonymy of measurements and calculations to the principle of uniform measurement and calculation results. The paper gives a brief description of issues covered by the All-Union discussion on the applicability of probabilistic statistical methods in 1970-1990, which was prompted by Andrey Kolmogorov's question about the objective meaning of probability. It is noted that in the course of the discussion, criticism was directed at the mathematical results that subsequently formed the basis of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement and its supplements. The main results of mathematics as a universal scientific language related to the solution of measurement problems are analyzed, thus expanding the understanding of the subject matter of metrology. It is shown that from this point of view, modern metrology is a fundamental science about methods and means of representing the properties of measurement objects by means of mathematical models. While the elementary models consist of quantities and value distributions, more complex models are random functions, functionals, and operators. In addition to measuring instruments, representation means include computational tools having algorithmic, mathematical, and other software to solve measurement problems. It is noted that difficulties arising in the training and professional development of metrologists are related to the problem of inadequacy.

关键词： measurement measurement method measurement problem problem-solving method error of inadequacy probability distribution composition convolution

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Optimizing the innovation and development process of medical devices-a study based on angiographic equipment

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HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021年第3期11卷 563-574页

作者： Busch, Erik Strobel, Norbert Nobach, Kai Bulitta, Clemens Hirshfeld, John W., Jr. Wu, Lin de Abreu, Marcel Gama Univ Hosp Carl Gustav Carus Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med Dresden Germany Univ Appl Sci Wurzburg Schweinfurt Inst Med Engn Schweinfurt Schweinfurt Germany Tech Univ Appl Sci Georg Simon Ohm Dept Accounting & Management Control Nurnberg Germany Tech Univ Appl Sci Amberg Weiden Inst Med Engn Weiden Germany Hosp Univ Penn Cardiac Catherizat Lab Perelman Ctr Adv Med Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Fudan Univ Cardiovasc Ctr Childrens Hosp Dept Cardiol Shanghai Peoples R China

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. The gold standard for their diagnosis and treatment are angiographic procedures, which require specialized equipment. The speed of their continued development is important as better technology enables progress in clinical outcomes. This article proposes a new process model for the innovation and development and shows how to optimize it such that it takes minimal time. The conducted literature research identifies this closed loop process model as being unique in comparison to the well-established models proposed by Brockhoff, Cooper, Crawford, Durfee, Ebert, Eppinger, Hughes, Pleschak, Thom, Ulrich, Vahs and Witt. During a long-term observation of the innovation and development process of angiographic systems 672 data sets on 302 topics were collected over 47 months to validate this process model. The data collected is equivalent to efforts worth 30 man-years. This input was used to calculate key process parameters, analyse key process roles, evaluate the use of problem-solving methods and identify key technologies. We recommend to apply a continuous loop process in the context of innovation and development of medical devices. In the analysed datasets a potential of an up to 20% shorter process time was identified. Our results can be used for an Activity Based Costing Approach or be applied to bring new or upgraded angiography systems faster to market benefitting patient outcome due to improved diagnosis and treatment. According to the best knowledge of the authors no comparable data collection relating to angiography systems has been performed and presented anywhere else yet.

关键词： Medical device Innovation Development Cost of healthcare Time to market problem-solving method

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TACKLING UNCERTAINTY FOR JOURNALISM GRADUATES A model for teaching experiential entrepreneurship

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JOURNALISM PRACTICE 2018年第1期12卷 94-114页

作者： Barnes, Renee Scheepers, Margarietha Johanna de Villiers Univ Sunshine Coast Journalism Sunshine Coast Qld Australia Univ Sunshine Coast Business Sunshine Coast Qld Australia

As journalism struggles to adapt to technological disruption, journalism educators are searching for ways to prepare students for an industry in flux. Entrepreneurial journalism has been incorporated into university curricula as a solution, however the discourse and application lacks a theoretical basis. This article aims to address these gaps by clearly defining entrepreneurship, its theoretical principles relevant for journalism education and then outlining the trial of a Multidisciplinary Experiential Entrepreneurship Model (MEEM), designed to enhance graduates' career aspirations through cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset. The MEEM trial was assessed using a sequential mixed-methods approach, consisting of survey data collected at the start and completion of the course and interview data collected two months later. The findings demonstrate that the theoretical principles underpinning MEEM not only enabled students to create a new media venture, but the skills acquired also provided a method for entrepreneurial problem-solving and innovating, which is valuable to students working inside or outside traditional news media. This paper contributes theoretically by outlining five principles of entrepreneurial problem-solving and providing a teachable method that can be deployed through an effectual entrepreneurship pedagogy.

关键词： Australia career aspirations entrepreneurial journalism entrepreneurial mindset entrepreneurship journalism education problem-solving method startup

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Medical Diagnostics Reusable Knowledge Components

Medical Diagnostics Reusable Knowledge Components

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IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI)

作者： Massoud, Morcous Cairo Univ Giza Giza Governorat Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781509061174

Medical Diagnostics is the core phase in the medical care because selection of the right treatment is based on it. But that knowledge is gained by medical professionals over decades. While diagnostic problem solving is in principle well understood, building and maintaining systems in large domains cost effectively is an open issue. Various methods have different advantages and disadvantages making their integration attractive. We present an inference structure for diagnostic problem solving optimized with respect to knowledge reuse among methods motivated by experience from large knowledge bases built in medical, technical and other diagnostic domains.

关键词： Knowledge Systems Medical Diagnostics Classification Task Reusable Knowledge Components problem-solving method

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A Practical Experience on Reusing problem-solving methods for Assessment Tasks 1

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15th International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory

作者： Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Abraham Martel-Rodriguez, Gilberto Marquez-Marfil, Miguel Quintana-Dominguez, Francisca Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria Inst Univ Ciencias & Tecnol Cibernet Campus Tafira Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017 Spain Inst Tecnol Canarias Dept Agua St Lucia 35119 Gran Canaria Spain

ISBN: (数字)9783319273402

ISBN: (纸本)9783319273402;9783319273396

problem-solving methods (PSMs) facilitate the development of knowledge-based systems (KBSs), which provide an initial scheme to model both the domain knowledge and the inference process. However, the actual benefits of reusing PSMs are still unclear because most of the specifications omit how the structure must be adapted to fit into the current problem. This article describes our experience in the development of a KBS for the selection of wastewater treatment technologies by reusing a well-known PSM from the CommonKADS library. We describe how the adaptation process was performed, which involved both the simplification of the original inference template and the inclusion of new basic inferences.

关键词： problem-solving method Knowledge-based system Wastewater treatment technology

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A case study in solving customer complaints based on the 8Ds method and Kano model

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JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING 2010年第5期27卷 339-350页

作者： Chen, Hsiang-Ru Cheng, Bor-Wen Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Dept Ind Engn & Management 123 Univ RdSect 3 Touliu 64002 Yunlin Taiwan

Service economics is growing in importance, and satisfying customers is a major objective of enterprises. Product or service quality involves knowing what the customers' needs are and how to fulfill those needs to meet their expectations and requirements, especially when customer complaints appear. In this study, the Kano model is used to distinguish various product and service satisfaction or dissatisfaction types, based on customers' opinions. The 8 disciplines (8Ds) problem-solving method is a corrective action procedure used to identify and correct causes of non-conformance and is adopted in this article when the customer complains about a product or service. A case study in this article is based on the 8Ds method and Kano model, which provides a structured and flexible framework for a customer-oriented management system to drive the improvement of business performance. By way of different histogram comparisons, a paired t test, and Cpk estimations, a control model is established to identify what the quality level is. After completing the corrective actions and excluding the variation of sheet metal hardness factor, the defect rate decreased from 28% to 0.5%, and this improvement resulted in gains of at least 22 million New Taiwan dollars.

关键词： customer complaints 8Ds problem-solving method Kano model ISO/TS 16949

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