The paper briefly describes the Russian translation of JCGM GUM-6:2020, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement - Part 6: Developing and Using Measurement Models, while covering issues related to the ina...
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The paper briefly describes the Russian translation of JCGM GUM-6:2020, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement - Part 6: Developing and Using Measurement Models, while covering issues related to the inadequacy of mathematical models representing measurement objects. It is shown that, despite a generally correct statement of the problem associated with the inadequate specification of "measurands " in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (translated in 1999), its solution does not include the quantification of "intrinsic uncertainty. " No solution to this problem was found in JCGM GUM-6:2020 as well, even though its text mentions the right idea, i.e., to use the extrapolation errors of models as a criterion for their identification, as well as providing several specific and useful, yet well-known, mathematical recommendations.
The synonymy issue of measurements and calculations is considered, which long prevented the proper regulatory and procedural analysis of inadequacy issues for the mathematical models of measurement objects, i.e., one ...
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The synonymy issue of measurements and calculations is considered, which long prevented the proper regulatory and procedural analysis of inadequacy issues for the mathematical models of measurement objects, i.e., one of the most important metrological problems. Conceptually, the solution to the problem of inadequacy in the identification of mathematical models using joint measurement data involves a transition from the synonymy of measurements and calculations to the principle of uniform measurement and calculation results. The paper gives a brief description of issues covered by the All-Union discussion on the applicability of probabilistic statistical methods in 1970-1990, which was prompted by Andrey Kolmogorov's question about the objective meaning of probability. It is noted that in the course of the discussion, criticism was directed at the mathematical results that subsequently formed the basis of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement and its supplements. The main results of mathematics as a universal scientific language related to the solution of measurement problems are analyzed, thus expanding the understanding of the subject matter of metrology. It is shown that from this point of view, modern metrology is a fundamental science about methods and means of representing the properties of measurement objects by means of mathematical models. While the elementary models consist of quantities and value distributions, more complex models are random functions, functionals, and operators. In addition to measuring instruments, representation means include computational tools having algorithmic, mathematical, and other software to solve measurement problems. It is noted that difficulties arising in the training and professional development of metrologists are related to the problem of inadequacy.
As journalism struggles to adapt to technological disruption, journalism educators are searching for ways to prepare students for an industry in flux. Entrepreneurial journalism has been incorporated into university c...
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As journalism struggles to adapt to technological disruption, journalism educators are searching for ways to prepare students for an industry in flux. Entrepreneurial journalism has been incorporated into university curricula as a solution, however the discourse and application lacks a theoretical basis. This article aims to address these gaps by clearly defining entrepreneurship, its theoretical principles relevant for journalism education and then outlining the trial of a Multidisciplinary Experiential Entrepreneurship Model (MEEM), designed to enhance graduates' career aspirations through cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset. The MEEM trial was assessed using a sequential mixed-methods approach, consisting of survey data collected at the start and completion of the course and interview data collected two months later. The findings demonstrate that the theoretical principles underpinning MEEM not only enabled students to create a new media venture, but the skills acquired also provided a method for entrepreneurial problem-solving and innovating, which is valuable to students working inside or outside traditional news media. This paper contributes theoretically by outlining five principles of entrepreneurial problem-solving and providing a teachable method that can be deployed through an effectual entrepreneurship pedagogy.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. The gold standard for their diagnosis and treatment are angiographic procedures, which require specialized equipment. The speed of their continued development is...
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Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. The gold standard for their diagnosis and treatment are angiographic procedures, which require specialized equipment. The speed of their continued development is important as better technology enables progress in clinical outcomes. This article proposes a new process model for the innovation and development and shows how to optimize it such that it takes minimal time. The conducted literature research identifies this closed loop process model as being unique in comparison to the well-established models proposed by Brockhoff, Cooper, Crawford, Durfee, Ebert, Eppinger, Hughes, Pleschak, Thom, Ulrich, Vahs and Witt. During a long-term observation of the innovation and development process of angiographic systems 672 data sets on 302 topics were collected over 47 months to validate this process model. The data collected is equivalent to efforts worth 30 man-years. This input was used to calculate key process parameters, analyse key process roles, evaluate the use of problem-solving methods and identify key technologies. We recommend to apply a continuous loop process in the context of innovation and development of medical devices. In the analysed datasets a potential of an up to 20% shorter process time was identified. Our results can be used for an Activity Based Costing Approach or be applied to bring new or upgraded angiography systems faster to market benefitting patient outcome due to improved diagnosis and treatment. According to the best knowledge of the authors no comparable data collection relating to angiography systems has been performed and presented anywhere else yet.
We observe that recruitment efforts aimed at alleviating the shortage of skilled workforce in computer engineering must be augmented with strategies for retaining and motivating the students after they have enrolled i...
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We observe that recruitment efforts aimed at alleviating the shortage of skilled workforce in computer engineering must be augmented with strategies for retaining and motivating the students after they have enrolled in our educational programmes. At the University of California, Santa Barbara, we have taken a first step in this direction by offering a required freshman seminar entitled "Ten Puzzling problems in Computer Engineering''. This one-unit pass/not-pass gateway course, which is graded based solely on attendance, introduces our students to some of the most challenging problems faced by computer engineers in their daily professional endeavors and at the frontiers of research. To accomplish this feat in a manner that is both understandable and appealing to freshmen, the problems are related to popular mathematical and logical puzzles. Each 1-hour class session begins by introducing the students to puzzles of a particular kind and letting them participate in formulating solutions. Historical context, background, and general solution methods for the puzzles are then discussed by the instructor, who finally proceeds to demonstrate how the puzzles and their solution strategies are related to real technical challenges in computer engineering. The new course, which has been offered twice already, is supported by a website containing complete lecture slides, class handouts, and reference information.
This research examines the effects of assessments conducted through traditional pencil-and-paper versus touch-screen-based approaches in the context of Augmented Reality (AR) learning. Utilizing AR devices and real-ti...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031619526;9783031619533
This research examines the effects of assessments conducted through traditional pencil-and-paper versus touch-screen-based approaches in the context of Augmented Reality (AR) learning. Utilizing AR devices and real-time sensors, we established an educational setting to enhance learner interaction. The assessment methodology was modified to optimize the AR learning environment. In our previous study, participants were equipped with motion sensors to capture their movements, and their learning attitudes were assessed accordingly. We also used the same AR system in the current study. Notably, the key difference from the previous experiment is in assessment methods. In the prior study, questionnaires were administered on paper, and participants received feedback post-experiment. In contrast, the current experiment involved participants receiving questionnaires on a touch screen, with immediate feedback provided after each problem solution. After the AR learning, we asked participants to fill out the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scales (SCLS). The results revealed that the student's responses corresponding to two questions: "I enjoyed how my instructor taught the Augmented Reality module" and "It is my responsibility to learn what I need to know from this Augmented Reality module," show significant differences between Pencil-and-Paper and Touch-Screen Assessments in AR Learning.
Medical Diagnostics is the core phase in the medical care because selection of the right treatment is based on it. But that knowledge is gained by medical professionals over decades. While diagnostic problemsolving i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509061174
Medical Diagnostics is the core phase in the medical care because selection of the right treatment is based on it. But that knowledge is gained by medical professionals over decades. While diagnostic problemsolving is in principle well understood, building and maintaining systems in large domains cost effectively is an open issue. Various methods have different advantages and disadvantages making their integration attractive. We present an inference structure for diagnostic problemsolving optimized with respect to knowledge reuse among methods motivated by experience from large knowledge bases built in medical, technical and other diagnostic domains.
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