检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Assessing the Usability of Raw Machine Translated Output: A User-Centered Study Using Eye Tracking

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2014年第1期30卷 40-51页

作者： Doherty, Stephen O'Brien, Sharon Dublin City Univ Ctr Next Generat Localisat Dublin 9 Ireland

This article reports on the results of a project that aimed to investigate the usability of raw machine translated technical support documentation for a commercial online file storage service. Adopting a user-centered approach, the ISO/TR 16982 definition of usabilitygoal completion, satisfaction, effectiveness, and efficiency is utilized and eye-tracking measures that are shown to be reliable indicators of cognitive effort are applied along with a posttask questionnaire. The study investigated these measures for the original user documentation written in English and in four target languages: Spanish, French, German, and Japanese, all of which were translated using a freely available online statistical machine translation engine. Using native speakers for each language, the study found several significant differences between the source and MT output, a finding that indicates a difference in usability between well-formed content and raw machine translated content. One target language in particular, Japanese, was found to have a considerably lower usability level when compared with the original English.

关键词： immatures machine translation Gaze tracking visual tracking English machine program and system documentation English language

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

SPECIFYING AND IMPLEMENTING OBJECT MANAGERS IN ADA

引用

IEE PROCEEDINGS-E COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 1982年第2期129卷 70-74页

作者： HARWOOD, WT Microprocessor Software Unit South West University Regional Computer Centre University of Bath Bath UK

An outline of a formalism for writing specifications of synchronisation behaviours is given, together with a sketch of an approach to the transformation between such a specification and an implementation in Ada. The model of implementation is that each specification is regarded as defining a mechanism, the 'object manager', which controls the occurrence of events in the system. Each object manager is implemented as an Ada package that provides a collection of procedures to a collection of tasks. Hidden inside the package are 'shared' data structures and a synchronisation task which schedules the start of execution of each procedure call.

关键词： synchronisation task program and system documentation synchronisation behaviours object managers Ada systems analysis and programming implementations High level languages writing specifications

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Using patterns to create component documentation

引用

IEEE SOFTWARE 1998年第2期15卷 84-+页

作者： Kotula, J Stratasys Inc Eden Prairie MN 55344 USA

When designing a component, the developer holds certain usage scenarios in mind. But this is not enough. If customers do not understand the component's purpose and how its developer expected it to be used, they will misuse it. Good documentation is the primary means of communication between a software component's creator and its users, providing insight into design intent, use cases, and potential problems. The author provides four examples that show how patterns can provide guidance on documentation content, structure, and presentation.

关键词： object-oriented methods subroutines system documentation component documentation design intent design patterns documentation content documentation presentation documentation structure object-oriented design use cases program and system documentation subroutine object-oriented design object orientation design pattern

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Detection of natural oil seeps signature from SST and ATI in South Yellow Sea combining ASTER and MODIS data

引用

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 2010年第17-18期31卷 4869-4885页

作者： Cai, Guoyin Huang, Xiaoxia Du, Mingyi Liu, Yang Beijing Univ Civil Engn & Architecture Sch Geomat & Urban Informat Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Daytime Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and the consequent nighttime Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data have been utilized to retrieve the sea surface temperature (SST) and apparent thermal inertia (ATI). They were used to detect the signature of natural oil seepage in Yingge Sea Basin (YSB) and South Yellow Sea (SYS). In this paper, ATI was used for the first time to detect the signature of natural oil seepage. ATI is an approximation of the real thermal inertia and can be expressed as a function of surface albedo and temperature difference between day and night. Surface albedo can be calculated by weighting spectral reflectivities in visible and near-infrared bands from ASTER data. The spectral reflectivities can be obtained after performing atmospheric correction using the 6S model. An iterative self-consistent split-window algorithm was employed to retrieve the daytime SSTs from ASTER data and nighttime SSTs from MODIS data. Because of the spatial resolution difference between ASTER and MODIS data, the nighttime SST derived from MODIS data was downscaled from 1km to 90m using the pixel block intensity modulation (PBIM) method. Two study areas, YSB and SYS, were selected to detect the possible signature of the natural oil seepage. The approximate SST and ATI values in the YSB where natural oil seepage actually developed were derived in advance. A look-up table of albedo, temperature difference and ATI for different sea waters with or without natural oil seepage was constructed. These were then used as prior knowledge to enclose the possible signatures of natural oil seepage in SYS. Our results show that there are some signatures of natural oil seepage in the study area in SYS. Compared with SST, ATI was more sensitive to the signature of natural oil seepage. The reason for this might be that the temperature difference was used in the calculation of the ATI, which decreased the influence of the SS

关键词： signatures NATURAL OIL natural oil spill Yellow Sea temperature gradients multispectral imagery Advanced traveler information systems program and system documentation Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

AIR-SHOWER-TRIGGERED FAMILIES - SIMULATION CALCULATION AND ITS COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL-DATA

引用

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS 1994年第3期20卷 487-505页

作者： TAMADA, M Fac. of Sci.&Technol. Kinki Univ. Osaka Japan

Results of Monte Carlo simulations for a combined emulsion chamber and extensive air-shower array experiment arc shown, Two totally distinct models are assumed for nuclear interactions, one based on the UA5 Monte Carlo algorithm (model A) and the other including exotic processes of Centauro and Mini-Centauro (model B). Effects of different assumptions on the chemical composition of primary particles are also considered. Longitudinal and also lateral structures of gamma-families triggered by air-shower size. N(e), are studied and arc compared with the data of the HADRON experiment at Tien-Shan and of the SYS experiment at Chacaltava. The experimental data are found to disagree with the results of model A, even when we introduce the heavy-dominant assumption for primary cosmic rays. On the other hand, model B explains the general tendency of the experimental characteristics. It suggests that the nuclear interaction is changed drastically in the primary energy range over 10(16) eV.

关键词： Primary cosmic ray SARS2 gene longitudinal program and system documentation analog computation Tien Shan primary particulates Experimental data nuclear interactions Monte Carlo technique lateral structure

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Quantitatively Exploring Non-code Software Artifacts 14

Quantitatively Exploring Non-code Software Artifacts

引用

14th Annual International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC)

作者： Bigliardi, Luca Lanza, Michele Bacchelli, Alberto D'Ambros, Marco Mocci, Andrea Univ Lugano Fac Informat Lugano Switzerland Delft Univ Technol NL-2600 AA Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781479971978

Most software engineering research focuses its analyses on source code, because correct, well designed, and efficient program code is the desired end output of software development. Nevertheless, source code is not the only constituent of software systems: programs also comprise other types of artifacts, such as documentation, build system and configuration files, and graphics. These non-code artifacts only recently got the attention of researchers and are not yet investigated as a whole, but separately and with very specific aims. By taking a quantitative perspective, we look into non-code software artifacts to measure their role in software systems. We analyze 35 mature open-source software systems and we address exploratory questions such as: How many non-code software artifacts do software systems contain? How do they relate to source code? How much effort is put into producing and maintaining them? Our results show that a significant portion of systems is made of non-code artifacts, and that programmers spend a relevant part of their effort on non-code artifacts during the development process. Our analysis opens questions for future investigations.

关键词： public domain software software engineering source code (software) system documentation build system configuration files documentation noncode artifacts noncode software artifacts open-source software systems program code software development software engineering research source code Correlation Java Kernel Linux Servers Software systems empirical study mining software repositories non-code artifacts Software systems Source code open source software program code computer software program and system documentation Software design Artifacts Software engineering Servers Linux documentation Java Java programming language configuration file

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Approaching Coordination in Distributed Embedded Applications with the Peer Model DSL 40

Approaching Coordination in Distributed Embedded Application...

引用

40th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)

作者： Kuehn, Eva Crass, Stefan Hamboeck, Thomas Vienna Univ Technol Inst Comp Languages Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781479957958

Coordination in distributed embedded systems requires complex synchronization of many concurrent activities. This task becomes especially difficult when network and system failures have to be assumed. The Peer Model is a novel programming model for the design of coordination strategies among multiple nodes, aiming to bridge design and implementation. A major advantage is that designs based on the Peer Model are very flexible regarding changing requirements and policies. The motivating use case is an application in the railway domain where embedded nodes detect approaching trains and route this information over several forwarder nodes to the level crossing. In this paper, we present a Domain Specific Language for the Peer Model which allows to automatically generate a graphical documentation and source code for different embedded platforms. It lays the foundations for an embedded system software development toolchain. We prove the feasibility by implementing an event notification strategy for the level crossing use case.

关键词： concurrency control distributed processing embedded systems railway engineering software engineering source code (software) system documentation approaching train detection complex synchronization concurrent activities distributed embedded systems domain specific language embedded nodes embedded platforms embedded system software devel- opment toolchain event notification strategy forwarder nodes graphical documentation level crossing peer model programming model railway domain source code system failures Containers documentation Middleware Peer-to-peer computing Unified modeling language Wiring LEVEL CROSSING Embedded systems concurrent activities system failures program and system documentation Railway engineering Peer to peer computing Source code UML WIRING Concurrency control Distributed processing Middleware CONTAINERS Software engineering

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Generating Formal Hardware Verification Properties from Natural Language documentation 9

Generating Formal Hardware Verification Properties from Natu...

引用

IEEE 9th International Conference on Semantic Computing

作者： Harris, Christopher B. Harris, Ian G. Univ Calif Irvine Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Calif Irvine Dept Comp Sci Irvine CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479979356

In the modern Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) design cycle, correctness properties for functional verification are usually created by an engineer whose task is to read the system documentation and manually generate a set of formal statements in the chosen verification language. This process is typical of the reason why up to 60% of engineering effort is spent on verification and test activities. We present a formal attribute grammar as the basis for a Natural Language based translation system which automatically generates syntactically correct verification properties in Computation Tree Logic (CTL) from Hardware Description Language (HDL) code comments written in English. The system is evaluated using verification information from an implementation of the PCI bus specification included in the Texas-97 Verification Benchmark suite and successfully translates English to valid CTL in 91 % of test cases. The automatically generated CTL properties are compared to CTL properties included in the benchmark and model checking is used to determine the equivalency of generated and benchmark properties. While most generated properties are equivalent, some were found to include additional terms which result in CTL which more closely reflects designer intent.

关键词： program and system documentation Cell-Mediated Lympholytic Cells Verification attribute grammars application specific integrated circuits BENCHMARKS English English language Language Model checking Engineers natural languages CASING INSPECTION

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Code, Camera, Action: How Software Developers Document and Share program Knowledge Using YouTube 23

Code, Camera, Action: How Software Developers Document and S...

引用

IEEE 23rd International Conference on program Comprehension ICPC

作者： MacLeod, Laura Storey, Margaret-Anne Bergen, Andreas Univ Victoria Victoria BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781467381598

Creating documentation is a challenging task in software engineering and most techniques involve the laborious and sometimes tedious job of writing text. This paper explores an alternative to traditional text-based documentation, the screencast, which captures a developer's screen while they narrate how a program or software tool works. We conducted a study to investigate how developers produce and share developer-focused screencasts using the YouTube social platform. First, we identified and analyzed a set of development screencasts to determine how developers have adapted to the medium to meet the demands of development-related documentation needs. We also explored the techniques and strategies used for sharing software knowledge. Second, we interviewed screencast producers to understand their motivations for creating screencasts, and to uncover the perceived benefits and challenges in producing code-focused videos. Our findings reveal that video is a useful medium for communicating program knowledge between developers, and that developers build their online personas and reputation by sharing videos through social channels.

关键词： Code Walkthrough Screencast Software documentation YouTube YouTube Developers DEVELOPERS program and system documentation Screen Computer personnel Videotapes Castings perceived benefits

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Building DITA-Based CMS as Integrated documentation Environment

Building DITA-Based CMS as Integrated Documentation Environm...

引用

International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent systems

作者： Marie Sakai Taku Okuno Future University Hakodate Graduate School of Systems Information Science Future University Hakodate School of Systems Information Science

ISBN: (纸本)9781467327428

General software documents have some problems with traceability and maintenance. This study aims to solve those problems by using DITA, an XML-based architecture for authoring technical documents. In DITA architecture, documents consist of topics and maps. Topics have small amount of information which can reuse, and maps specify contents of each output by organizing topics. It is difficult to break down general documents into reusable topics. In this paper, granularity of topics are defined. As a result of analysis of software documents, it was found that there are three types of structures in software documents, and those need to be broken down into different-sized topics. Besides, a CMS as a software documentation environment is needed for software documentation using DITA. Functions required for the CMS are considered.

关键词： program and system documentation Meltdown Content management systems Themes traceability BREAKING DOWN

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：