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8th Meeting of the Visual Data Exploration and Analysis Conference

作者： Tudoreanu, ME Kraemer, E Washington Univ Dept Comp Sci St Louis MO 63130 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819439800

This paper presents a technique for automatically generating graphical presentations of a program execution. Viewers can customize the presentation and examine particular aspects of the running computation by creating a specification of the program's entities and properties of interest. We identify three goals for visualizations that display consecutive computation states, known as program visualizations. First, a visualization must present all of the entities and properties desired by viewers and no other information. Second, the graphical representations assigned to various program entities must be sufficiently distinctive to permit viewers to easily recognize entities of different types, despite similarities in graphical characteristics denoting common properties of those entities. Third, to maintain continuity of the animation over time, graphical elements used to present one state of the program must be reserved and subsequently used to represent the same or similar entities or properties in other states. Based on these goals, we have developed an algorithm that assigns graphical objects to each program entity of interest. Attributes of these objects axe chosen to present properties of the entity in a consistent manner. The algorithm relies on a characterization of the available graphical objects and attributes to determine the graphical elements that best display the data contained in the entities and their properties. For views that have a greater number of properties than the available number of graphical elements, we have developed heuristics for deciding which properties can be depicted by overloading the same graphical attribute. The automatic presentation is flexible and permits viewers to intervene and determine entirely or partly the graphical design of a visualization.

关键词： automatic presentation program visualization

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Visualizing Call Graphs

Visualizing Call Graphs

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： LaToza, Thomas D. Myers, Brad A. Carnegie Mellon Univ Sch Comp Sci Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457712456

Developers navigate and reason about call graphs throughout investigation and debugging activities. This is often difficult: developers can spend tens of minutes answering a single question, get lost and disoriented, and erroneously make assumptions, causing bugs. To address these problems, we designed a new form of interactive call graph visualization - REACHER. Instead of leaving developers to manually traverse the call graph, REACHER lets developers search along control flow. The interactive call graph visualization encodes a number of properties that help developers answer questions about causality, ordering, type membership, repetition, choice, and other relationships. And developers remain oriented while navigating. To evaluate REACHER'S benefits, we conducted a lab study in which 12 participants answered control flow questions. Compared to an existing IDE, participants with REACHER were over 5 times more successful in significantly less time. All enthusiastically preferred REACHER, with many positive comments.

关键词： code exploration call graphs control flow program visualization program comprehension

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visualization of Concepts and Algorithms in programming Education - a Design Theoretic Multimodal Perspective 10

Visualization of Concepts and Algorithms in Programming Educ...

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10th International Conference on E-Learning (ICEL)

作者： Olsson, Marie Mozelius, Peter Stockholm Univ Dept Comp & Syst Sci S-10691 Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781910810262

programming is an important core subject in most Computer science programmes at university level but many students have difficulties to learn the necessary combination of knowledge and skills. Code concepts and algorithms are abstract and dynamic entities, where teachers face problems with the transfer of theoretical concepts as well as with the explanation of more practical programming techniques. Software visualization with the multimodal combination of graphical, audial and textual representations aims to facilitate learning and understanding of programming. Software visualization can further be divided into program visualization and algorithm visualization. This study presents a design theoretic multimodal approach where software visualization is introduced and evaluated as an extra communication channel between teachers and students in programming courses. Two visualization prototypes have been designed and developed for evaluation in lectures for an experimental group. Data has been gathered by handing out questionnaires to students in the experimental group and to students in a control group. Both groups had attended the same lecture setup, with identical learning content but only the experimental group had access to the multimodal program visualization and algorithm visualization prototypes. 85% in the experimental group and 62% in the control group stated that they did understand where the focus of the code executing was all through the prototype for algorithm visualization. For the other prototype, visualizing object-oriented concepts, 60% in the experimental group and 54% in the control group stated that they understood where the focus of the code executing was all through the multimodal animation. Findings indicate that programming lecturing using multimodal explanations as additional learning tools is a promising path to enhance programming education in the 21st century. Guided by multimodal design theory, we can better understand how appropriate activi

关键词： software visualization algorithm visualization program visualization programming education multimodality

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On the Usefulness of Animated Structograms in Teaching Algorithms and programming 12th

On the Usefulness of Animated Structograms in Teaching Algor...

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12th International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning (IMCL)

作者： Doering, Ulf Artelt, Benedikt Tech Univ Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030114343;9783030114336

This document describes an online tool, which supports different synchronized views onto the same algorithm in parallel, e.g. structograms (Nassi-Shneiderman diagrams), Java code and the state of used variables. It can also animate the program and data flow. This is essential for self-controlled learning especially for novice programmers. Students can focus on the view they prefer and explore the relationship to the other views at their own speed, e.g. by stepping through the program and visualize the current state of the variables as well as the console output. The tool gives the possibility to modify the structure as well as the texts in the structograms. It supports exports into different file formats, i.e. for the creation of teaching material or solutions for exercises. The HTML5 implementation allows easy access to the tool on different platforms as well as its integration into web-based learning environments.

关键词： Browser-based e-learning tool program visualization programming patterns Multiple-views synchronization Levels of abstraction Java HTML5

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An evaluation of SeeC: a tool designed to assist novice C programmers with program understanding and debugging

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COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION 2021年第3期31卷 340-373页

作者： Heinsen Egan, Matthew McDonald, Chris Univ Western Australia Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn Perth WA Australia

Background and Context Students learning the C programming language struggle to debug, and to understand the runtime behaviour of, their programs. Objective We examine a tool that combines several novice-focused error detection, program visualization, and debugging techniques, to investigate which features students use in real study sessions, which features they consider effective, and whether or not the tool can effectively assist students with debugging tasks. Method This study employed a mixed-methods approach. First, we record participants' interactions with the tool during their regular coursework by instrumenting the tool itself. Second, we collected interaction recordings and screen capture recordings of students using the tool to perform set debugging tasks. Finally we surveyed students who participated in the second part of the study, to investigate their perceptions of the tool. Findings Students used the tool's runtime error detection and execution trace reviewing features to find and investigate bugs during their coursework. In set debugging tasks, even students with no previous experience of the tool were able to use it effectively with little to no assistance. Students were positive about the tool, but suggested a number of user interface improvements. Implications Novice-focused program visualization and debugging tools for the C programming language can assist students with complicated debugging tasks encountered during their regular coursework. Simple, user-friendly interfaces are important in such tools, and may motivate their use (in preference to debugging tools designed for developers).

关键词： Novice programmers debuggers program visualization

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Navigating Through the Design of Object-Oriented programs

Navigating Through the Design of Object-Oriented Programs

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15th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering

作者： Gasparis, Epameinondas Nicholson, Jonathan Eden, Amnon H. Kazman, Rick Univ Essex Dept Comp & Elect Syst Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England Ctr Inquiry Amherst MA USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Inst Software Engn Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Hawaii Honolulu HI 96822 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769534299

The Design Navigator is a tool for reverse-engineering object-oriented programs into charts at any level of abstraction. The Design Navigator discovers the object-oriented building blocks in the design of programs and visualises them in terms of LePUS3, a formal Design Description Language. We demonstrate that program visualization in a formal language is not only possible in principle but also of practical benefit.

关键词： Design recovery program visualization

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Integrated software, process, algorithm and application visualization

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The Journal of visualization and Computer Animation 1992年第4期3卷 201-218页

作者： Friedell, Mark Kochhar, Sandeep Lapolla, Mark Vincent Marks, Joe Department of Computer Science University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Bedford Massachusetts 01730 United States Lockheed Advanced Computing Laboratory Palo Alto California 94304 United States DEC Cambridge Research Laboratory Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 United States

We present a unifying view of visualization in which comprehensive support for software, algorithm, process and application (including scientific) visualizations is treated as an essential component of the computing environment. We describe our recent work toward making this view a reality: a tool for computer‐assisted design of visualizations and a technique for monitoring a computational process in a non‐invasive fashion. Copyright © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

关键词： Algorithm visualization Automated design of graphical displays Co‐operative design and modelling Human‐computer interaction program visualization Scientific visualization Software diagrams visualization techniques

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A Study of Tracing and Writing Performance of Novice Students in Introductory programming

A Study of Tracing and Writing Performance of Novice Student...

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2nd International Conference on Software Engineering and Computing Systems (ICSECS 2011)

作者： Affandy Herman, Nanna Suryana Salam, Sazilah Binti Noersasongko, Edi Univ Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Fac Informat & Commun Technol Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia Univ Dian Nuswantoro Fac Comp Sci Semarang 50131 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9783642222023

The tasks of programming include complex knowledge and skills that is, from understanding problems to evaluating validity of program. Novice students often face difficulties in learning programming due to various issues and the nature of the subject, which can be vague and invisible. A survey was conducted on 294 students from two universities to study novices' problems in dealing with tracking the logical flow and writing a simple code. The average score for tracking and writing skills were quite disappointing. Students were only able to master the static part of programming knowledge. They lacked the knowledge in understanding and tracing the dynamic behavior of the program. This research attempts to propose a model to shift the internal working memory load of students through integrated visualization tools that can reveal the dynamic behavior of programs and related concepts that appear in each level of program abstractions.

关键词： learning programming novices tracing reading writing program visualization behavior

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Theia: Automatically Generating Correct program State visualizations

Theia: Automatically Generating Correct Program State Visual...

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ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on SPLASH-E (SPLASH-E)

作者： Pollock, Josh Roesch, Jared Woos, Doug Tatlock, Zachary Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Brown Univ Providence RI 02912 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450369893

program state visualizations (PSVs) help programmers understand hidden program state like objects, references, and closures. Unfortunately, existing PSV tools do not support custom language semantics, which educators often use to introduce programming languages gradually. They also fail to visualize key pieces of program state, which can lead to incorrect and confusing visualizations. Theia, a generic PSV framework, uses formal abstract machine definitions to produce complete, continuous, and consistent (CCC) PSVs. To produce CCC visualizations with Theia, an educator only needs to specify an abstract machine and optionally customize the resulting web page, allowing her to visualize custom language semantics without developing a language-specific tool.

关键词： abstract machine notional machine program visualization CS1 CS2 operational semantics

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Software visualization 05

Software visualization

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27th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2005)

作者： Diehl, S Catholic Univ Comp Sci Dept D-85072 Eichstatt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781581139631

This half-day tutorial gives an overview of the current state-of-the-art in software visualization. Software visualization encompasses the development and evaluation of methods for graphically representing different aspects of software, including its structure, its execution, and its evolution. In contrast to visual programming and diagramming for software design, software visualization is not so much concerned with the construction, but with the analysis of programs and their development process. Software visualization combines techniques from areas like software engineering, programming languages, data mining, computer graphics, information visualization and human-computer interaction. Topics covered in this tutorial include static program visualization, algorithm animation, visual debugging, as well as the visualization of the evolution of software. In particular we identify common principles illustrated by many examples and give pointers to tools available today.

关键词： program visualization algorithm animation visual debugging software architecture

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