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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)

作者： Kerasiotis, Fotis Koulamas, Christos Papadopoulos, George Univ Patras Dept ECE Rio Campus 26504 Greece Ind Syst Inst Patras Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781467303422

The dynamic environments where Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are being deployed, nowadays, necessitate the design of appropriate middleware architectures which provide flexible mechanisms to adapt application behavior while making wise utilization of the constrained resources. In combination with heterogeneity issues which usually appear in such networks, this results in high complexity of the application development typically involving the usage of a low or high level programming language in order to assure efficient operation of the network. To deal with these challenges, a modular middleware architecture is proposed which supports a programming abstraction based on the automation domain notion of function blocks (FBs). The network is (re) programmed with new applications in the form of mobile agents which are injected from a base station, while the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm is adopted considering the function blocks as services distributed in the WSN nodes according to the resources of the underlying devices. Each agent is a schematic description of wirings between function blocks which are allocated by the middleware in the neighborhood of a target node, being in this way highly autonomous and adaptive, while presenting low resource utilization overhead as it is shown by an application case study.

关键词： middleware wireless sensor networks function blocks programming abstraction

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AIM: AN abstraction FOR IMPROVING MACHINE LEARNING PREDICTION

AIM: AN ABSTRACTION FOR IMPROVING MACHINE LEARNING PREDICTIO...

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IEEE Data Science Workshop (DSW)

作者： Stodden, Victoria Wu, Xiaomian Sochat, Vanessa Univ Illinois Sch Informat Sci Dept Stat Champaign IL 61820 USA Stanford Univ Stanford Res Comp Ctr Sch Med Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538644102

We introduce a structured and portable abstraction for Improving Machine learning (AIM) to improve prediction outcomes and enable meaningful comparisons of ML pipelines. We implement AIM for a well-known acute leukemia classification problem using the Scientific Filesystem, enabling direct performance comparisons across a variety of classifiers. AIM provides three direct efficiency benefits: 1) the sources of performance differences between ML pipelines can identified at the algorithm implementation level as defined by the AIM, 2) improvements can be made to specific aspects of the pipeline and thus better understood, and 3) the reuse of these defined abstraction components across different pipelines is facilitated. When the AIM is defined at the outset of the prediction challenge, these benefits can come at minimal cost. We show these benefits by implementing AIM and the Scientific Filesystem on the well-known Golub AML/ALL cancer dataset.

关键词： reproducible research programming abstraction machine learning Scientific Filesystem containers cyberinfrastructure

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Ravel: A Database-Defined Network

Ravel: A Database-Defined Network

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Symposium on Software Defined Networking (SDN) Research (SOSR)

作者： Wang, Anduo Mei, Xueyuan Croft, Jason Caesar, Matthew Godfrey, Brighten Temple Univ Philadelphia PA 19122 USA Univ Illinois Champaign IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334518

SDN's logically centralized control provides an insertion point for programming the network. While it is generally agreed that higher-level abstractions are needed to make that programming easy, there is little consensus on what are the "right" abstractions. Indeed, as SDN moves beyond its initial specialized deployments to broader use cases, it is likely that network control applications will require diverse abstractions that evolve over time. To this end, we champion a perspective that SDN control fundamentally revolves around data representation. We discard any application-specific structure that might be outgrown by new demands. Instead, we adopt a plain data representation of the entire network - network topology, forwarding, and control applications - and seek a universal data language that allows application programmers to transform the primitive representation into any high-level representations presented to applications or network operators. Driven by this insight, we present a system, Ravel, that implements an entire SDN network control infrastructure within a standard SQL database. In Ravel, network abstractions take the form of user-defined SQL views expressed by SQL queries that can be added on the fly. A key challenge in realizing this approach is to orchestrate multiple simultaneous abstractions that collectively affect the same underlying data. To achieve this, Ravel enhances the database with novel data integration mechanisms that merge the multiple views into a coherent forwarding behavior. Moreover, Ravel is exposed to applications through the one simple, familiar and highly interoperable SQL interface. While this is an ambitious long-term goal, our prototype built on the PostgreSQL database exhibits promising performance even for large scale networks.

关键词： Software-Defined Networks SQL Database Views programming abstraction

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Beehive: Simple Distributed programming in Software-Defined Networks

Beehive: Simple Distributed Programming in Software-Defined ...

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Symposium on Software Defined Networking (SDN) Research (SOSR)

作者： Yeganeh, Soheil Hassas Ganjali, Yashar Google Inc Mountain View CA 94043 USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON M5S 1A1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334518

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of Beehive, a distributed control platform with a simple programming model. In Beehive, control applications are centralized asynchronous message handlers that optionally store their state in dictionaries. Beehive's control platform automatically infers the keys required to process a message, and guarantees that each key is only handled by one light-weight thread of execution (i.e., bee) among all controllers (i.e., hives) in the platform. With that, Beehive transforms a centralized application into a distributed system, while preserving the application's intended behavior. Beehive replicates the dictionaries of control applications consistently through mini-quorums (i.e., colonies), instruments applications at runtime, and dynamically changes the placement of control applications (i.e., live migrates bees) to optimize the control plane. Our implementation of Beehive is open source, high-throughput and capable of fast failovers. We have implemented an SDN controller on top of Beehive that can handle 200K of OpenFlow messages per machine, while persisting and replicating the state of control applications. We also demonstrate that, not only can Beehive tolerate faults, but also it is capable of optimizing control applications after a failure or a change in the workload.

关键词： Software-Defined Networking Distributed Control Platforms programming abstraction OpenFlow

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Vectorizing unstructured mesh computations for many-core architectures

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2016年第2期28卷 557-577页

作者： Reguly, Istvan Z. Laszlo, Endre Mudalige, Gihan R. Giles, Mike B. Univ Oxford Oxford E Res Ctr Oxford England Pazmany Peter Catholic Univ Fac Informat Technol & Bion Budapest Hungary

Achieving optimal performance on the latest multi-core and many-core architectures increasingly depends on making efficient use of the hardware's vector units. This paper presents results on achieving high performance through vectorization on CPUs and the Xeon-Phi on a key class of irregular applications: unstructured mesh computations. Using single instruction multiple thread (SIMT) and single instruction multiple data (SIMD) programming models, we show how unstructured mesh computations map to OpenCL or vector intrinsics through the use of code generation techniques in the OP2 Domain Specific Library and explore how irregular memory accesses and race conditions can be organized on different hardware. We benchmark Intel Xeon CPUs and the Xeon-Phi, using a tsunami simulation and a representative CFD benchmark. Results are compared with previous work on CPUs and NVIDIA GPUs to provide a comparison of achievable performance on current many-core systems. We show that auto-vectorization and the OpenCL SIMT model do not map efficiently to CPU vector units because of vectorization issues and threading overheads. In contrast, using SIMD vector intrinsics imposes some restrictions and requires more involved programming techniques but results in efficient code and near-optimal performance, two times faster than non-vectorized code. We observe that the Xeon-Phi does not provide good performance for these applications but is still comparable with a pair of mid-range Xeon chips. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： vectorization Xeon Phi AVX CUDA unstructured grid programming abstraction

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Enabling Scalable and Fine-Grained Nested Parallelism on Embedded Many-Cores 9

Enabling Scalable and Fine-Grained Nested Parallelism on Emb...

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9th IEEE International Symposium on Embedded Multicore/Manycore Systems-on-Chip (MCSoC)

作者： Capotondi, Alessandro Marongiu, Andrea Benini, Luca Univ Bologna DEI I-40126 Bologna Italy Univ Bologna IIS I-40126 Bologna Italy Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich ETHZ Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781479986705

Current high-end embedded systems are designed as heterogeneous systems-on-chip (SoCs), where a general-purpose host processor is coupled to a programmable manycore accelerator (PMCA). Such PMCAs typically leverage hierarchical interconnect and distributed memory with non-uniform access (NUMA). Nested parallelism is a convenient programming abstraction for large-scale cc-NUMA systems, which allows to hierarchically (and dynamically) create multiple levels of fine-grained parallelism whenever it is available. Available implementations for cc-NUMA systems introduce large overheads for nested parallelism management, which cannot be tolerated due to the extremely fine-grained nature of embedded parallel workloads. In particular, creating a team of parallel threads has a cost that increases linearly with the number of threads, which is inherently non scalable. This work presents a software cache mechanism for frequently-used parallel team configurations to speed up parallel thread creation overheads in PMCA systems. When a configuration is found in the cache the cost for parallel team creation has a constant time, providing a scalable mechanism. We evaluated our support on the STMicroelectronics STHORM many-core. Compared to the state-of-the art, our solution shows that: i) the cost for parallel team creation is reduced by up to 67%;ii) the tangible effect on real ultra-fine-grained parallel kernels is a speedup of up to 80%.

关键词： cache storage embedded systems multiprocessing systems parallel programming system-on-chip PMCA STMicroelectronics STHORM many-core SoC distributed memory with nonuniform access embedded many-cores fine-grained parallelism heterogeneous systems-on-chip nested parallelism parallel team configuration parallel thread creation overhead programmable manycore accelerator programming abstraction software cache mechanism Fabrics Instruction sets Message systems Parallel processing programming Recruitment Embedded Many-Core Architectures OpenMP Parallel programming Models Embedded systems Computer based information systems Parallel programming instruction sets system-on-chip Multiprocessing systems cache storage PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUTERS) programming Textile fabrics parallelism fabric Synclitism THREADS Parallel Lines

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The impact of distributed programming abstractions on application energy consumption

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2013年第9期55卷 1602-1613页

作者： Kwon, Young-Woo Tilevich, Eli Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24060 USA

With battery capacities remaining a key physical constraint for mobile devices, energy efficiency has become an important software design consideration. Distributed programming abstractions (e.g., sockets, RPC, messages, etc.) are an essential component of modern software, but their energy consumption characteristics are poorly understood. The programmer has few practical guidelines to choose the right abstraction for energy-constrained scenarios. In this article, we report on the findings of a systematic study we conducted to compare and contrast major distributed programming abstractions in terms of their energy consumption patterns. By varying the abstractions with the rest of the functionality fixed, we measure and analyze the impact of distributed programming abstractions on application energy consumption. Based on our findings, we present a set of practical guidelines for the programmer to select an abstraction that satisfies the energy consumption constraints in place. Our other guidelines can steer future efforts in creating energy efficient distributed programming abstractions. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy-efficiency programming abstraction Distributed system Measurement Software design pattern

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PS-QUASAR: A publish/subscribe QoS aware middleware for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2013年第6期86卷 1650-1662页

作者： Chen, Jaime Diaz, Manuel Rubio, Bartolome Troya, Jose M. Univ Malaga Dpto Lenguajes & Ciencias Computac E-29071 Malaga Spain

It has been more than 30 years since the first research into Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks appeared. However, WSANs are still not a ubiquitous technology due to several factors which include a lack of Quality of Service (QoS) support or the absence of high level programming models. New applications with heterogeneous QoS requirements where WSANs can be successfully applied, such as Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP), have been recognized. PS-QUASAR, a middleware for WSANs that deals with these two issues, offers a high level simple programming model based on the publish/subscribe paradigm. In this model all nodes in the network are potential publishers of each of the topics. PS-QUASAR also handles QoS (reliability, deadline, priority) and supports a many-to-many exchange of messages between nodes in a fully distributed way by means of multicasting techniques. Performance evaluation via simulation using the Contiki operating system shows that the protocol can handle multiple publishers and subscribers at the same time whilst dealing with QoS requirements. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks QoS-aware middleware Publish/subscribe programming abstraction

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Supporting Localized Interactions among Heterogeneous Smart Things with ThingWare

Supporting Localized Interactions among Heterogeneous Smart ...

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IEEE 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing (UIC) / IEEE 10th International Conference on Autonomic and Trusted Computing (ATC)

作者： Kong, Junjun Guo, Yao Chen, Xiangqun Shao, Weizhong Peking Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Minist Educ Key Lab High Confidence Software Technol Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479924813

The development of ubiquitous computing has witnessed the invention of various smart things (or smart objects), which normally refer to conventional devices equipped with sensing, computing, and communication capabilities. programming with smart things faces many challenges because they are mobile, dynamic, and heterogeneous. This paper proposes ThingAPI as a uniform programming abstraction to support efficient programming with heterogeneous smart things. ThingAPI tries to accomplish two objectives: making local smart things interactive, and making heterogeneous smart things easily programmable. ThingAPI allows applications on smart things to interact with a wide range of things and flexibly extend their functionalities. We have built a lightweight middleware prototype, ThingWare, to implement ThingAPI over several platforms. With ThingWare, we can easily program household and office appliances such as TV sets, air-conditioners, projectors, etc. To demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our approach, we construct a representative application and present detailed analysis of various performance results.

关键词： Internet of Things smart things programming abstraction localized interaction

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A Dependable Middleware for the Development of Applications for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks 11

A Dependable Middleware for the Development of Applications ...

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13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp)

作者： Chen, Jaime Univ Malaga Lenguaj & Ciencias Computac Dept Malaga Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309103

It is being more than 30 years since first researches in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSAN) started to appear. However, despite been acknowledged one of the top emerging technologies for the 21st century, WSANs are not still a ubiquitous technology. Factors that have hindered its development are the lack of standards and protocols that support QoS and the complexity of designing and implementing WSAN applications. This thesis focus on overcoming these factors by means of a middleware that provides: 1) QoS support, necessary for applications such as the Protection of Critical Infrastructures (CIP), and 2) a flexible programming abstraction that helps the developer to implement WSAN applications and specify their QoS requirements without having to deal with low level repetitive tasks.

关键词： Wireless Sensor and Actor Network Quality of Service routing middleware programming abstraction

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