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Introductory education in computer science

Education and Computing 1991年第1-2期7卷 73-86页

作者： Habermann, A. Nico Carnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States

There is room for improvement in the way introductory computer science is taught. In general, most of the available time is spent on teaching programming language syntax and very little on studying examples of good programs. The assertion approach to program verification has in practice resulted in a technique that resembles assembly code programming of more than 30 years ago. This practice has also encouraged the view that each new program is an invention that must be developed from scratch. In addition, the student's attention is largely directed towards the how of the technique and hardly towards learning the proven facts. In this paper, it is argued that the introduction to programming can be improved in several ways: by starting with a systems view that encourages students to study good examples and to reuse existing programs, by judging program quality relative to similar programs and program abstractions, and by building up a coherent body of knowledge that students can apply in program design and implementation. © 1991 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： introductory programming program synthesis program verification programming methodology reusable programs

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Agile Java(TM): Crafting Code with Test-Driven Development

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丛书名： Robert C. Martin Series

2005年

作者： Jeff Langr

ISBN: (纸本)9780131482395;0131482394;2004114916

Master Java 5.0 and TDD Together: Build More Robust, Professional SoftwareMaster Java 5.0, object-oriented design, and Test-Driven Development (TDD) by learning them together. Agile Java weaves all three into a single coherent approach to building professional, robust software systems. Jeff Langr shows exactly how Java and TDD integrate throughout the entire development lifecycle, helping you leverage today's fastest, most efficient development techniques from the very *** writes for every programmer, even those with little or no experience with Java, object-oriented development, or agile methods. He shows how to translate oral requirements into practical tests, and then how to use those tests to create reliable, high-performance Java code that solves real problems. Agile Java doesn't just teach the core features of the Java language: it presents coded test examples for each of them. This TDD-centered approach doesn't just lead to better code: it provides powerful feedback that will help you learn Java far more rapidly. The use of TDD as a learning mechanism is a landmark departure from conventional teaching techniques. Presents an expert overview of TDD and agile programming techniques from the Java developer's perspective Brings together practical best practices for Java, TDD, and OO design Walks through setting up Java 5.0 and writing your first program Covers all the basics, including strings, packages, and more Simplifies object-oriented concepts, including classes, interfaces, polymorphism, and inheritance Contains detailed chapters on exceptions and logging, math, I/O, reflection, multithreading, and Swing Offers seamlessly-integrated explanations of Java 5.0's key innovations, from generics to annotations Shows how TDD impacts system design, and vice versa Complements any agile or traditional methodology, including Extreme programming (XP)© Copyright Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

关键词： programming methodology Network programming Java General Software Engineering

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Test Driven Development: By Example 1

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丛书名： Addison-Wesley Signature Series

2002年

作者： Kent Beck

ISBN: (纸本)9780321146533

From the Book: Clean code that works is Ron Jeffries' pithy phrase. The goal is clean code that works, and for a whole bunch of reasons: Clean code that works is a predictable way to develop. You know when you are finished, without having to worry about a long bug trail. Clean code that works gives you a chance to learn all the lessons that the code has to teach you. If you only ever slap together the first thing you think of, you never have time to think of a second, better, thing. Clean code that works improves the lives of users of our software. Clean code that works lets your teammates count on you, and you on them. Writing clean code that works feels *** how do you get to clean code that works Many forces drive you away from clean code, and even code that works. Without taking too much counsel of our fears, here's what we dodrive development with automated tests, a style of development called Test-Driven Development (TDD for short). In Test-Driven Development, you: Write new code only if you first have a failing automated test. Eliminate duplication. Two simple rules, but they generate complex individual and group behavior. Some of the technical implications are: You must design organically, with running code providing feedback between decisions You must write your own tests, since you can't wait twenty times a day for someone else to write a test Your development environment must provide rapid response to small changes Your designs must consist of many highly cohesive, loosely coupled components, just to make testing easy The two rules imply an order to the tasks ofprogramming: 1. Redwrite a little test that doesn't work, perhaps doesn't even compile at first 2. Greenmake the test work quickly, committing whatever sins necessary in the process 3. Refactoreliminate all the duplication created in just getting the test to work Red/green/refactor. The TDD's mantra. Assuming for the moment that such a style is possible, it might be possible to dramatically red

关键词： programming methodology Quality Control Testing - programming General Software Engineering

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Extreme programming for Web Projects

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2002年

作者： Doug Wallace Joel Aufgang Isobel Raggett

ISBN: (纸本)9780201794274

From the Book: Estimating the time and costs of web projects has been my obsession for over five years. Starting with wild guestimates and little success I was quickly attracted to the analysis practices of the Rational process. I spent weeks with customers doing Use Cases and Activity Diagrams trying to define the scope of the project. Still these specifications told me nothing about the work effort involved and lead to huge fights with customers over the changes the customer would ineviably want. Three years ago I went to the Software Expo in San Jose and heard Martin Fowler talking about a new set of practices called XP. I was hooked. XP let me face the facts about the futility of estimation. It taught me about the interconnectedness of price, time, scope and quality and the importance of letting the customer continuously make the trade-offs between the four. As a project manager XP changed the rules of how I engaged with customers and overnight improved my customer relationships and my bottom-line. If estimation was my obsession then development was my curse. Every project seemed to be going fine and then stalled at 90%. It would take us 3 months to do 90% of the work and six months to do the last 10%. Once completed the sites we were building were a nightmare to maintain and I had lost many good programmers who would rather abandon ship than baby-sit a mass of unintelligible brittle code. Developing sites in iterations and using unit tests made a lot of sense but didn't translate naturally in to web development. While the pure coding server side issues melded well with XP we had client-side issues, graphical design issues and serious conflicts trying to use apractice meant for object oriented systems on the inherently non object oriented web page architecture. IF web projects were going to use XP then XP would have to change and so would the way web sites are structured and developed. Over the last two years we have experimented with practices to get the most o

关键词： programming methodology General Web Site Design/Development General Software Engineering

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The Software Project Manager's Bridge to Agility (Agile Software Development Series) 1

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丛书名： The agile software development series

2008年

作者： Michele Sliger Stacia Broderick

ISBN: (纸本)9780321502759

When software development teams move to agile methods, experienced project managers often struggledoubtful about the new approach and uncertain about their new roles and responsibilities. In this book, two long-time certified Project Management Professionals (PMPRs) and Scrum trainers have built a bridge to this dynamic new paradigm. They show experienced project managers how to successfully transition to agile by refocusing on facilitation and collaboration, not command and control. The authors begin by explaining how agile works: how it differs from traditional plan-driven methodologies, the benefits it promises, and the real-world results it delivers. Next, they systematically map the Project Management Institutes classic, methodology-independent techniques and terminology to agile practices. They cover both process and project lifecycles and carefully address vital issues ranging from scope and time to cost management and stakeholder communication. Finally, drawing on their own extensive personal experience, they put a human face on your personal transition to agile--covering the emotional challenges, personal values, and key leadership traits youll need to succeed. Coverage includes Relating the PMBOKR Guide ideals to agile practices: similarities, overlaps, and differences Understanding the role and value of agile techniques such as iteration/release planning and retrospectives Using agile techniques to systematically and continually reduce risk Implementing quality assurance (QA) where it belongs: in analysis, design, defect prevention, and continuous improvement Learning to trust your teams and listen for their discoveries Procuring, purchasing, and contracting for software in agile, collaborative environments Avoiding the common mistakes software teams make in transitioning to agile Coordinating with project management offices and non-agile teams Selling agile within your teams and throughout your organization For every project manager who wants to become m

关键词： programming methodology Computer Industry - Software General Software Engineering

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Managing Agile Projects illustrated edition

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丛书名： Robert C. Martin series

2005年

作者： Sanjiv Augustine

ISBN: (纸本)9780131240711

PRAISE FOR MANAGING AGILE PROJECTS"In the hands of another, this class of material could become incoherent, but Sanjiv has enough intellectual power to ground his subject...Fans of APM and those who prefer new ideas as a catalyst for their management approach should find Managing Agile Projects rewarding."Wes Balakian, Chairman and Executive Advisor, PMI eBusiness SIG"I only wish I had read this book when I started my career in software product management, or even better yet, when I was given my first project to manage. In addition to providing an excellent handbook for managing with agile software development methodologies, Managing Agile Projects offers a guide to more effective project management in many business settings."John P. Barnes, former Vice President of Product Management at Emergis, Inc."The agile software development movement evolved from a half-dozen methodologies-Scrum, Adaptive, XP, Crystal-that while different, embodied a consistent set of values and similar practices. The agile project management movement is following the same path-strength through a blend of consistency and diversity. Sanjiv's book, Managing Agile Projects, adds both-consistency and diversity-to the concepts and practices of agile project management. His book is rich in ideas and practical advice. It is a wonderful addition to the growing literature about 'alternative' styles of project management."Jim Highsmith Sr. V.P. and Director Agile Software Development and Project Management Practice Fellow, Business Technology Council Cutter Consortium LLC, Arlington, MA"Here is an innovative approach to the management of agile projects, examining traditional project management practices that do not align well with new agile methodologies. Augustine's alternative approaches in regard to personnel, organization, and change make this a valuable resource for project managers as well as for the customer/product owner."Sydney H. Jammes, Retired C.I.A. Economist"Project management has almost

关键词： programming methodology Computer Industry - Software General Software Engineering

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Pair programming Illuminated

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2002年

作者： Laurie Williams Robert Kessler

ISBN: (纸本)9780201745764

From the Book: This purpose of this book is to provide you with lots of information on pair programming. If you are already pairing, then the book will give you additional insights and techniques to make your pairing even more successful. We answer many of the questions and concerns that you may have about using the technique. In Section One, our aim is for you to gain greater understanding about pair programming. We'll describe the technique and will be looking at pair programming from many perspectives . . . from those who want to try and those who would rather not try, from those who are employees trying to convince their managers to let them try and those who are managers who are trying to convince their employees to try. In Section Two, we deal with some operational details of pairinglike furniture and hints and tips for daily operation. We discuss the importance of pair rotation and how that can lead to better knowledge management. In Section Three, we explain benefits and shortcomings of many different kinds of pairs and the context when each kind of pair works best. We offer ideas to help enhance the pairing and solutions for most problem pairings. Unfortunately, not all pairs will work and we provide ways to recognize the potential problems before they happen. Section Four gives two case studies of pair programming in different methodologies. The first describes pairing in Extreme programming (XP), while the second discusses the Collaborative Software Process (CSP). In both cases, pair programming is an essential ingredient to success. We conclude in Section Five with some future directions and by enumerating Seven Habits of Effective PairProgrammers. Who Should Read This Book We've written this book for software development team members and their managers. When we use the term "software development team," it goes beyond those who write production code. For example, this book is certainly appropriate for team leaders and coaches, GUI designers, architects,

关键词： programming methodology General Software Engineering

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Extreme programming Perspectives

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2002年

作者： Giancarlo Succi Michele Marchesi James Donovan Wells Laurie Williams

ISBN: (纸本)9780201770056

From the Book: Welcome to yet another book on Extreme programmingand Agile Methodologies, of course! Writing a book about new software development methodologies can be a very easy and a very difficult task together. It could be very easy, as you could talk about very generic and high-level vaporware without ever entering details, and backing your approach with statements such as it requires customization, no silver bullets, and other politically correct statements. You could take the completely opposite approach, and still have a fairly easy task if you have ever run a project with your methodology. You could enter a detailed description of what you did, distilling a complete approach around your individual idiosyncrasies. Best would be if you add something esoteric, such as typing into the keyboard with only the right hand, and using the left to hold a silk napkin with whom you would clean your sweater every other minute. This is not because software authors are bad by nature. We should remember that in the early days of the studies in electronics, the equation for the resistor was awfully complex, with lots of terms which were really insignificant. Nowadays, it is a simple algebraic division: R=V/I. However, writing about a new methodology becomes dreadfully difficult if you aim at creating something really valuable for the reader, combining the limited theoretical understanding with the limited experimental evidence, and avoiding a terse language. This book takes this latter approach. We combine an overview of XP, from the hand of the people who proposed it, description of experiences in specific areas yet unclear and subjectto debate, and an empirical evaluation of how XP projects are progressing in software companies. The first section is the overview of the methodology. We assume that you have already read the cult books, Kent's, Martin's, Ron's, Jim's, etc. So we summarize all the foundations in one chapter, by Don. In Chapter 2, Jim Highsmith presents the es

关键词： programming methodology General Software Engineering

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Mit :: Lcs :: Tr :: Mit-Lcs-Tr-561

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2016年

[Auto Generated] Section 2 Data Abstraction Section 3 CLU Section 4 Evaluation Abstract The idea of a data abstraction has had a significant impact on the development of programming languages and on programming methodology. CLU was the first implemented programming language to provide direct linguistic support for data abstraction. This paper provides a history of data abstraction and CLU. CLU contains a number of other interesting and influential features, including its exception handling 1 mec

关键词： abstract abstract data abstraction clu compiler computer science data data abstraction data types design group memo liskov mit mit laboratory mit-lcs-tr-561 programming programming language programming languages programming methodology structures group type

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Reflections on a Career in Computer Science 22

Reflections on a Career in Computer Science

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International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD)

作者： Liskov, Barbara MIT 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450392495

Computer Science is a wonderful field with many interesting and important problems to work on. This is true today and was also true in the past; of course what is considered interesting changes as a field matures. In this talk I will discuss some of the problems that I found intriguing. In each case I will discuss the state of the field at the time I did this work to provide an historical context for my work and that of others doing related work. I will also discuss how I selected problems, what I brought to the table, and where the ideas for my solutions came from.

关键词： programming methodology programming languages atomic transactions reliable storage distributed computing

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