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19th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs (ICCHP)

作者： Takida, Issei Motoyoshi, Tatsuo Fuse, Yotaro Myagmardulam, Bilguunmaa Takagi, Noboru Sawai, Kei Masuta, Hiroyuki Toyama Prefectural Univ Dept Intelligent Robot Engn Toyama 9390398 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031628450;9783031628467

We developed a programing education tool "P-CUBE3", which uses blocks with tangible information as its language. P-CUBE3 can control audio output by placing HIRAGANA (Japanese character) blocks on a "program mat", and also implements an operation history acquisition system that can record the type of block, its position, and operation time. We conducted a hands-on programming lesson for visually impaired and sighted people, and analyzed the operation history data when they worked on a task program in the lesson. Participants in the lesson were classified into four groups according to whether they had programming experience or not and whether they had visual impairment or not. We classified the programming process into several patterns, and analyzed the relationship between the patterns using a co-occurrence matrix. We report on the characteristics of the programming process for the visually impaired and sighted.

关键词： tangible user interface programming learning programming process co-occurrence matrix visually impaired

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Research proposal to study the role of executable metric models in the programming process

Research proposal to study the role of executable metric mod...

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Workshop on Rapid Prototyping 1982

作者： Lehman, M.M. Department of Computing Imperial College of Science and Technology LondonSW7 2BZ United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)089791094X

A brief summary of current thinking about the programming process and programming support environments is followed by the presentation of an alternative viewpoint based on the concept of models. Examples of executable metric models and of the role they might play suggest research to examine and evaluate their use, to develop appropriate methodologies and tool support and to study techniques for their integration into an advanced environment. Successful completion of such investigations will provide one of the basic technologies needed for the successful design and construction of a vertically integrated programming support system.

关键词： Executable models Metric models programming process programming support environments Validation Verification

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STREAM: A First programming process

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ACM Transactions on Computing Education 2009年第1期9卷 1–29页

作者： Michael E. Caspersen Michael Kolling Aarhus University University of Kent

programming is recognized as one of seven grand challenges in computing education. Decades of research have shown that the major problems novices experience are composition-based---they may know what the individual programming language constructs are, but they do not know how to put them together. Despite this fact, textbooks, educational practice, and programming education research hardly address the issue of teaching the skills needed for systematic development of *** provide a conceptual framework for incremental program development, called Stepwise Improvement, which unifies best practice in modern software development such as test-driven development and refactoring with the prevailing perspective of programming methodology, stepwise refinement. The conceptual framework enables well-defined characterizations of incremental program *** utilize the conceptual framework to derive a programming process, STREAM, designed specifically for novices. STREAM is a carefully down-scaled version of a full and rich agile software engineering process particularly suited for novices learning object-oriented programming. In using it we hope to achieve two things: to help novice programmers learn faster and better while at the same time laying the foundation for a more thorough treatment of more advanced aspects of software engineering. In this article, two examples demonstrate the application of *** STREAM process has been taught in the introductory programming courses at our universities for the past three years and the results are very encouraging. We report on a small, preliminary study evaluating the learning outcome of teaching STREAM. The study indicates a positive effect on the development of students’ process competences.

关键词： Stepwise improvement agile methods programming education programming methodology programming process refactoring stepwise refinement test-driven development

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Toward Continuous Assessment of the programming process: (Abstract Only) 18

Toward Continuous Assessment of the Programming Process: (Ab...

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Proceedings of the 49th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education

作者： Ayaan M. Kazerouni Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450351034

Assessment of software tends to focus on postmortem evaluation of metrics like correctness, mergeability, and code coverage. This is evidenced in the current practices of continuous integration and deployment that focus on software's ability to pass unit tests before it can be merged into a deployment pipeline. However, little attention or tooling is given to the assessment of the software development process itself. Good process becomes both more challenging and more critical as software complexity increases. Real-time evaluation and feedback about a software developer's skills, such as incremental development, testing, and time management, could greatly increase productivity and improve the ability to write tested andcorrect code. My work focuses on the collection and analysis of fine-grained programming process data to help quantitatively model the programming process in terms of these metrics. I report on my research problem, presenting past work involving the collection and analysis of IDE event data from junior level students working on large and complex projects. The goal is to quantify the programming process in terms of incremental development and procrastination. I also present a long-term vision for my research and present work planned in the short term as a step toward that vision.

关键词： testing behavior educational data mining programming process repository mining

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Assessing process and product - A practical lab exam for an introductory programming course

Assessing process and product - A practical lab exam for an ...

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36th Annual Frontiers in Education (FIE 2006)

作者： Bennedsen, Jens Caspersen, Michael E. IT Univ W Fuglsangs Alle 20 DK-8210 Aarhus V Denmark Aarhus Univ Dept Comp Sci DK-8200 Aarhus Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781424402564

The final assessment of a course must reflect its goals, and contents. An important goal of our introductory programming course is that the students learn a systematic approach for the development of computer programs. Having the programming process as learning objective naturally raises the question how to include this in assessments. Traditional assessments (e.g. oral, written, or multiple choice) are unsuitable to test the programming process. We describe and evaluate a practical lab examination that assesses the students' programming process as well as the developed programs. the evaluation is performed in two ways: By analyzing the results of two lab examinations (with more than 500 students) and by semi-structured individual interviews with representatives of the involved persons (students, TAs, lecturer, and examiner). The result of the evaluation is encouraging and indicates the value of alignment and strong conformity between goal, content and assessment of the introductory programming course.

关键词： CS1 examination evaluation programming process objects-first pedagogy

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Predicting programming performance by using process behavior in a block-based programming environment

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INTERACTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS 2024年第6期32卷 2371-2385页

作者： Fu, Qian Tang, Wenjing Zheng, Yafeng Ma, Haotian Zhong, Tianlong Beijing Normal Univ Fac Educ Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ Zhuhai Inst Adv Studies Humanities & Social Sci Zhuhai Peoples R China Nanping Expt Primary Sch Zhuhai Peoples R China

In this study, a predictive model is constructed to analyze learners' performance in programming tasks using data of programming behavioral events and behavioral sequences. First, this study identifies behavioral events from log data and applies lag sequence analysis to extract behavioral sequences that reflect learners' programming strategies. Then, learners' behavioral events and behavioral sequences are selected using linear regression. Finally, a predictive model is built using majority vote. The study uses data from 3151 programming tasks to compare the accuracy of predictive models with and without behavioral sequences. The results show that the accuracy of the predictive model with behavioral sequences is 75.75%, which is 2.06% higher than that of the model without behavioral sequences. This study finds that editing, debugging, and self-regulating behavior sequences can reflect the strategies learners employ during programming. These findings underscore that the model based on behavioral events and behavioral sequences in this study can successfully predict learners' programming performance and thereby has the potential to support programming instruction.

关键词： Behavior sequence performance prediction block-based programming majority vote programming process

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Computer model of the trapping media in micro FLASH® memory cells

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN 2002年第1期9卷 21-32页

作者： Fuks, D Kiv, A Maximova, T Bibi, R Roizin, Y Gutman, M Ben Gurion Univ Negev Dept Mat Engn IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel Tower Semicond Ltd IL-23105 Migdal Haemeq Israel

A computer model for the dielectric trapping layer in the microFLASH memory transistor is developed. Due to local trapping of injected charges in corresponding devices the problem of lateral charge migration in the plane parallel to the transistor channel becomes of principal importance. Molecular Dynamics method was used to design a cluster of atoms with dielectric properties and to perform computer simulation of the redistribution of the injected charges in the program/erase processes. The charge distributions obtained on the basis of proposed model are strongly influenced by Coulomb repulsion between the trapped charge carriers. This effect leads to non-Gaussian discrete space distribution of trapped charges and significantly influences the endurance of the memory device. We demonstrate that large densities of traps and injected carriers are strongly correlated, limiting the amount of charge that can be accumulated in the programming process. The model allows select optimum parameters of the trapping layer to ensure high retention properties of the memory cells.

关键词： Molecular Dynamics Simulation Computer Model of Dielectric Silicon Nitride Trapping and Scattering centers ONO structures SONOS transistors microFLASH memory cells programming process Carriers migration Thermalization of hot carriers parasitic trapping Limits for programming level Coulomb correlation effects Endurance-Retention prognosis

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Embedded analogue nonvolatile memory with feedback-controlled programming circuit on-chip

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2010年第12期46卷 822-823页

作者： Lu, C. C. Chen, P. L. Huang, C. D. Chen, H. Natl Tsin Hua Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan

An analogue nonvolatile memory is presented, which is not only CMOS-compatible but also capable of storing analogue currents with a resolution of more than eight bits. The programming process is controlled by a hysteretic comparator on-chip, which stops the injection current automatically by negative feedback, regardless of the programming nonlinearity and device mismatches. With the simple, on-chip programming circuit, the proposed analogue memory is capable of storing currents ranging from 1 to 18 mu A accurately with negligible variations across different memory cells.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits CMOS-compatible analogue currents analogue memory comparators (circuits) device mismatches embedded analogue nonvolatile memory feedback feedback-controlled programming circuit on-chip hysteretic comparator on-chip memory cells negative feedback on-chip programming circuit programming nonlinearity programming process random-access storage storage management chips

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EVA: A flexible programming method for evolving systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1997年第5期23卷 296-313页

作者： Matsuura, S Kuruma, H Honiden, S Laboratory for New Software Architectures at the Information-technology Promotion Agency (IPA) Tokyo Japan. Kanri Kogaku Kenkyusyo Ltd. Hitachi Ltd. Systems and Software Research Laboratory Toshiba Corporation

Our goal is to establish a flexible programming support for evolving systems that will enable us to modify programs using less labor, while maintaining good quality during service life. EVA (EVolution mechanism for flexible Agent) was developed to allow a flexible programming support system to be constructed based on our programming method for evolving systems. We consider that programming methods for evolving systems need to satisfy the following essential conditions. First, they need to make it easy to specify changes in a system in terms of new requirements. Second, they need to have a procedure for transmitting the new requirements to a program. Third, they need to be able to guarantee that the resultant program will meet the new requirements. Finally, because of the repetitive nature of much evolving systems work, they need to provide for the reuse of similar modifications during programming. In order to overcame limitations in program modification techniques which have only considered programming products, programming processes have been introduced into our method. To achieve our goal, we have formulated programming products and programming processes using such formal techniques as functional programming, type theory, modules, parameterized programming and natural deduction, and have constructed a mechanism of reusing these formal programming processes. This paper explains a case study which shows how to develop an evolving system using EVA and it discusses how we can use EVA's mechanism effectively.

关键词： programming support system reuse programming process formal programming techniques

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Assessing Problem-Solving process at Scale 16

Assessing Problem-Solving Process at Scale

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3rd Annual ACM Conference on Learning at Scale (L at S)

作者： Grover, Shuchi Hauswirth, Matthias Bienkowski, Marie Niekrasz, John SRI Int 333 Ravenswood Ave Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA Univ Lugano CH-6904 Lugano Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450337267

Authentic problem solving tasks in digital environments are often open-ended with ill-defined pathways to a goal state. Scaffolds and formative feedback during this process help learners develop the requisite skills and understanding, but require assessing the problem solving process. This paper describes a hybrid approach to assessing process at scale in the context of the use of computational thinking practices during programming. Our approach combines hypothesis driven analysis, using an evidence-centered design framework, with discovery-driven data analytics. We report on work-in-progress involving novices and expert programmers working on Blockly games.

关键词： Problem solving evidence-centered design assessment programming process K-12 computing

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