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Digital Forms for All: A Holistic Multimodal Large Language Model Agent for Health Data Entry

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON INTERACTIVE MOBILE WEARABLE AND UBIQUITOUS TECHNOLOGIES-IMWUT 2024年第2期8卷 1-39页

作者： Cuadra, Andrea Breuch, Justine Estrada, Samantha Ihim, David Hung, Isabelle Askaryar, Derek Hassanien, Marwan Fessele, Kristen L. Landay, James A. Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA Monta Vista High Sch Cupertino CA USA Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr New York NY USA

Digital forms help us access services and opportunities, but they are not equally accessible to everyone, such as older adults or those with sensory impairments. Large language models (LLMs) and multimodal interfaces offer a unique opportunity to increase form accessibility. Informed by prior literature and needfinding, we built a holistic multimodal LLM agent for health data entry. We describe the process of designing and building our system, and the results of a study with older adults (N =10). All participants, regardless of age or disability status, were able to complete a standard 47-question form independently using our system-one blind participant said it was "a prayer answered." Our video analysis revealed how different modalities provided alternative interaction paths in complementary ways (e.g., the buttons helped resolve transcription errors and speech helped provide more options when the pre-canned answer choices were insufficient). We highlight key design guidelines, such as designing systems that dynamically adapt to individual needs.

关键词： Accessibility Health - Clinical Input Techniques Text/Speech/Language User Experience Design Older Adults Mobile Devices: Phones/Tablets Artifact or System Field Study Interaction Design prototyping/implementation Qualitative Methods

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Exploring the Potential for Generative AI-based Conversational Cues for Real-Time Collaborative Ideation 16

Exploring the Potential for Generative AI-based Conversation...

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16th ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition (C and C)

作者： Rayan, Jude Kanetkar, Dhruv Gong, Nicole Yang, Yuewen Palani, Srishti Xia, Haijun Dow, Steven P. Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA NYU New York NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704857

What is the potential value and role for AI to facilitate real-time creative discussions? The paper explores principles for Generative-AI based conversational support by investigating how humans - playing the role of an AI agent - generate contextual conversational cues to guide an ideation session. We studied n=42 people (14 triads) brainstorming through a remote meeting design probe that allows a wizard facilitator to oversee the ideation and send text-based cues that appear real-time in the ideator interface. Thematic analysis of conversations, cues and post-hoc reflections by facilitators uncovered focal points, strategies and challenges. Notably, 44% of the cues sent out by the facilitators were either dismissed or ignored because they did not notice the cue update. When ideators did notice cues, certain facilitator strategies impacted the conversation more than others. Based on our analysis, we present design opportunities to improve generative AI-based systems to better support real-time creative collaborations.

关键词： Creativity Support Collaboration Empirical Methods Mixed Methods prototyping/implementation

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Beyond Numbers: Creating Analogies to Enhance Data Comprehension and Communication with Generative AI 24

Beyond Numbers: Creating Analogies to Enhance Data Comprehen...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Sytems (CHI)

作者： Chen, Qing Shuai, Wei Zhang, Jiyao Sun, Zhida Cao, Nan Tongji Univ Intelligent Big Data Visualizat Lab Shanghai Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Coll Comp Sci & Software Engn Shenzhen Peoples R China Tongji Coll Design & Innovat Intelligent Big Data Visualizat Lab Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400703300

Unfamiliar measurements usually hinder readers from grasping the scale of the numerical data, understanding the content, and feeling engaged with the context. To enhance data comprehension and communication, we leverage analogies to bridge the gap between abstract data and familiar measurements. In this work, we first conduct semi-structured interviews with design experts to identify design problems and summarize design considerations. Then, we collect an analogy dataset of 138 cases from various online sources. Based on the collected dataset, we characterize a design space for creating data analogies. Next, we build a prototype system, AnalogyMate, that automatically suggests data analogies, their corresponding design solutions, and generated visual representations powered by generative AI. The study results show the usefulness of AnalogyMate in aiding the creation process of data analogies and the effectiveness of data analogy in enhancing data comprehension and communication.

关键词： creativity support interview lab study prototyping/implementation qualitative methods quantitative methods

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Cowork: Gamified, Virtual Coworking Web Application to Support Remote Learning for Students 17th

Cowork: Gamified, Virtual Coworking Web Application to Suppo...

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17th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction (UAHCI) part of the 25th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

作者： Blake, Isaac Roy, Tania New Coll Florida Sarasota FL 34243 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031358968;9783031358975

Coworking spaces allow students focused on different tasks to work in the same environment, support productivity and self-efficacy, and promote social interactions and peer support. These spaces, physically, can include coffee shops, libraries, dedicated coworking spaces, and other locations. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of these spaces have been shuttered to potential visitors or are simply unsafe. Extended online learning periods during COVID-19 have led to social isolation and decreased student productivity and motivation. Some online applications begin to address the void left by the closure of these physical spaces. However, they all suffer from a lack of real-time interaction, productivity tools or focus, major accessibility issues, or a combination of those mentioned above. Cowork is a new interactive system that supports online coworking for students in a comfortable, virtual environment, built with accessibility features like keyboard navigation and screen-reader support.

关键词： Education/Learning prototyping/implementation Accessibility

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Evaluating ActuAir: Building Occupants' Experiences of a Shape-Changing Air Quality Display 24

Evaluating ActuAir: Building Occupants' Experiences of a Sha...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Sytems (CHI)

作者： Margariti, Eleni Vlachokyriakos, Vasilis Durrant, Abigail C. Kirk, David Newcastle Univ Open Lab Newcastle Upon Tyne Tyne & Wear England

ISBN: (纸本)9798400703300

With workplace buildings becoming increasingly sensor-rich environments and amidst climate change and global pandemic pressures, there is novel opportunity for utilizing climatic data within buildings for awareness and wellbeing purposes. Interaction design research, including on large, shared-displays, rarely addresses building occupants' experiences of air quality (AQ);and to-date there are no studies evaluating such interventions in the context of communicating climatic data in the workplace. Responding to these research gaps, three prototype-led studies were conducted with 21 occupants of a smart office building over June-August 2022, evaluating occupants' experiences of a large shape- and color-changing display responding to AQ data. A thematic analysis resulted in design implications for improving shape- and color-changing displays for communicating AQ data;linking biomimicry to data interpretation. Contributing to Human-Building Interaction (HBI) research in the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) field, we provide design directions for future shape-changing and responsive architectures for climate awareness in smart buildings.

关键词： Workplaces Public Displays Empirical Study that tells us how people use a system prototyping/implementation

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Nooks: Social Spaces to Lower Hesitations in Interacting with New People at Work 23

Nooks: Social Spaces to Lower Hesitations in Interacting wit...

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CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Bali, Shreya Khadpe, Pranav Kaufman, Geof Kulkarni, Chinmay Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Emory Univ Atlanta GA 30322 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

Initiating conversations with new people at work is often intimidating because of uncertainty about their interests. People worry others may reject their attempts to initiate conversation or that others may not enjoy the conversation. We introduce a new system, Nooks, built on Slack, that reduces fear of social evaluation by enabling individuals to initiate any conversation as a nook-a conversation room that identifies its topic, but not its creator. Automatically convening others interested in the nook, Nooks further reduces fears of social evaluation by guaranteeing individuals in advance that others they are about to interact with are interested in the conversation. In a multi-month deployment with participants in a summer research program, Nooks provided participants with non-threatening and inclusive interaction opportunities, and ambient awareness, leading to new interactions online and offline. Our results demonstrate how intentionally designed social spaces can reduce fears of social evaluation and catalyze new workplace connections.

关键词： Computer Mediated Communication Workplaces Artifact or System prototyping/implementation

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All-in-One Print: Designing and 3D Printing Dynamic Objects Using Kinematic Mechanism Without Assembly 23

All-in-One Print: Designing and 3D Printing Dynamic Objects ...

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CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Li, Jiaji Li, Mingming Ji, Junzhe Pan, Deying Fan, Yitao Zhu, Kuangqi Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

The field of Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) has been consistently utilizing kinematic mechanisms to create tangible dynamic interfaces and objects. However, the design and fabrication of these mechanisms are challenging due to complex spatial structures, step-by-step assembly processes, and unstable joint connections resulting from the inevitable matching errors within separated parts. In this paper, we propose an integrated fabrication method for one-step FDM 3D printing (FDM3DP) kinematic mechanisms to create dynamic objects without additional post-processing. We describe the Arch-printing and Support-bridges method, which we call All-in-One Print, that compiles given arbitrary solid 3D models into printable kinematic models as G-Code for FDM3DP. To expand the design space, we investigate a series of motion structures (e.g., rotate, slide, and screw) with multi-stabilities and develop a design tool to help users quickly design such dynamic objects. We also demonstrate various application cases, including physical interfaces, toys with interactive aesthetics and daily items with internalized functions.

关键词： Fabrication prototyping/implementation

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Designing Voice-First Ambient Interfaces to Support Aging in Place 23

Designing Voice-First Ambient Interfaces to Support Aging in...

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ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS) on Rebuilding and Resilience

作者： Cuadra, Andrea Bethune, Jessica Krell, Rony Lempel, Alexa Hansel, Katrin Shahrokni, Armin Estrin, Deborah Dell, Nicola Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA Cornell Tech New York NY USA Yale Univ New Haven CT USA Hackensack Meridian Hlth Neptune NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450398930

We focus on the stories of five older adults who became voice assistant users through our study, and with whom we speculated about future interfaces through two design probes, one for health data reporting and one for positive reminiscing. We delivered a voice-first ambient interface (VFAI) to each participant, and closely observed participants' journeys through periodic themed interviews (16 hours, 21 minutes of transcribed recordings), usage log reviews (4,657 entries), and phone and text support. Participants' lived experiences impacted their perceptions and interactions with their VFAI, fueling rich insights about how to design for diverse needs. For example, while one participant saw increased potential in the VFAI after interacting with the design probe for health data reporting, another was skeptical of using it to communicate with her doctor. We contribute an in-depth exploration of VFAIs to support aging in place, implications for design, and areas for future work for tailoring VFAIs towards enabling continuity of care in people's homes.

关键词： Older adults smart speakers voice assistants Alexa home health wellbeing internet of things empirical study field study interviews prototyping/implementation qualitative methods design probes voice-first ambient interfaces inclusive design aging in place

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The Community Game Development Toolkit 22

The Community Game Development Toolkit

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28th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST)

作者： Roth, Amelia Lichtman, Daniel Gustavus Adolphus Coll St Peter MN 56082 USA Stockton Univ Galloway NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450398893

The Community Game Development Toolkit is a set of tools that provide an accessible, intuitive work-flow within the Unity game engine for students, artists, researchers and community members to create their own visually rich, interactive 3D stories and immersive environments. The toolkit is designed to support diverse communities to represent their own traditions, rituals and heritages through interactive, visual storytelling, drawing on community members' own visual assets such as photos, sketches and paintings, without requiring the use of coding or other specialized game-design skills. Projects can be built for desktop, mobile and VR applications. This paper describes the background, implementation and planned future developments of the toolkit, as well the contexts in which it has been used.

关键词： prototyping/implementation manipulation virtual reality

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Can't Touch This: Rethinking Public Technology in a COVID-19 Era 22

Can't Touch This: Rethinking Public Technology in a COVID-19...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Pearson, Jennifer Bailey, Gavin Robinson, Simon Jones, Matt Owen, Tom Zhang, Chi Reitmaier, Thomas Steer, Cameron Carter, Anna Sahoo, Deepak Ranjan Raju, Dani Kalarikalayil Swansea Univ Swansea W Glam Wales Studio Hasi Mumbai Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9781450391573

What do pedestrian crossings, ATMs, elevators and ticket machines have in common? These are just a few of the ubiquitous yet essential elements of public-space infrastructure that rely on physical buttons or touchscreens;common interactions that, until recently, were considered perfectly safe to perform. This work investigates how we might integrate touchless technologies into public-space infrastructure in order to minimise physical interaction with shared devices in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on an ethnographic exploration into how public utilities are being used, adapted or avoided, we developed and evaluated a suite of technology probes that can be either retrofitted into, or replace, these services. In-situ community deployments of our probes demonstrate strong uptake and provide insight into how hands-free technologies can be adapted and utilised for the public domain;and, in turn, used to inform the future of walk-up-and use public technologies.

关键词： Public displays field studies prototyping/implementation

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