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Determination of the linear frequency response of single pipelines using persistent transient excitation: a numerical investigation

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JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH 2013年第6期51卷 728-734页

作者： Gong, Jinzhe Simpson, Angus R. Lambert, Martin F. Zecchin, Aaron C. Univ Adelaide Sch Civil Environm & Min Engn Adelaide SA 5005 Australia

The linear frequency response of a fluid-filled pipeline extracted by fluid transient waves can be used to detect leaks in pipelines. This research conducts numerical analysis on how to accurately determine the linear frequency response diagram (FRD) of single pipelines using persistent transient pressure signals. Two types of persistent signals, the maximum-length binary sequence and the inverse-repeat sequence (IRS), are compared in terms of the accuracy in estimating the linear response of a pipeline at resonant frequencies. The IRS is found to be more appropriate for identifying the linear portion of the FRD of a pipeline, since its antisymmetric property can supress part of the nonlinear response. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the findings.

关键词： Fluid transient waves inverse-repeat sequence linear frequency response diagram non-invasive leak detection pipeline pseudo-random binary sequence water hammer

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Dynamic relationship between sympathetic nerve activity and renal blood flow: a frequency domain approach

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2001年第1期281卷 R206-R212页

作者： Guild, SJ Austin, PC Navakatikyan, M Ringwood, JV Malpas, SC Univ Auckland Sch Med Dept Physiol Circulatory Control Lab Auckland New Zealand Univ Auckland Dept Elect & Elect Engn Auckland New Zealand Natl Univ Ireland Dept Elect Engn Maynooth Kildare Ireland

Blood pressure displays an oscillation at 0.1 Hz in humans that is well established to be due to oscillations in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). However, the mechanisms that control the strength or frequency of this oscillation are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to define the dynamic relationship between SNA and the vasculature. The sympathetic nerves to the kidney were electrically stimulated in six pentobarbital-sodium anesthetized rabbits, and the renal blood flow response was recorded. A pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) was applied to the renal nerves, which contains equal spectral power at frequencies in the range of interest (<1 Hz). Transfer function analysis revealed a complex system composed of low-pass filter characteristics but also with regions of constant gain. A model was developed that accounted for this relationship composed of a 2 zero/4 pole transfer function. Although the position of the poles and zeros varied among animals, the model structure was consistent. We also found the time delay between the stimulus and the RBF responses to be consistent among animals (mean 672 +/- 22 ms). We propose that the identification of the precise relationship between SNA and renal blood flow (RBF) is a fundamental and necessary step toward understanding the interaction between SNA and other physiological mediators of RBF.

关键词： modeling pseudo-random binary sequence

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RECEPTOR DYNAMICS USING CORRELATION TECHNIQUES

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MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 1974年第6期12卷 792-799页

作者： PONTE, J PURVES, MJ UNIV BRISTOL MED SCHDEPT PHYSIOLBRISTOLENGLAND

A technique is described for the measurement of the frequency response of a sensory receptor. The input function (stimulus) consists of a wide-spectrum binary signal and correlation techniques are used to recover information from the output pulse train (afferent neural discharge). The method has been tested using an electronic model. The possible advantages are discussed.

关键词： Sensory receptor Frequency response pseudo-random binary sequence Correlation techniques

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Online Impedance Measurement of Lithium-Ion Battery: Applying Broadband Injection With Specified Fourier Amplitude Spectrum

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 2023年第5期59卷 6580-6588页

作者： Tran, Minh Roinila, Tomi Tampere Univ Dept Elect Engn Tampere 33100 Finland

State parameters such as the state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) play important role in the operation of Li-ion batteries, and accurate estimate of the parameters is of prime importance in evaluating the battery condition and guaranteeing the safe use. While it is difficult to measure the SOC and SOH directly, the battery internal impedance can be used to obtain the parameters. Recent studies have shown methods based on pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) with which the battery impedance can be rapidly measured in real time. Using this method, the battery is charged and recharged according to the excitation waveform and Fourier methods are applied to obtain the impedance. The PRBS often produces accurate impedance measurements, but the method may require a high perturbation amplitude, which may easily interfere with the nominal battery operation and create nonlinear distortions. This article proposes the use of discrete-interval-binary sequence (DIBS) for measuring the battery impedance. The DIBS is a computer-optimized binary sequence in which the power spectral densities are maximized at specified frequencies without increasing the signal time-domain amplitude. Experimental measurements of a commercial Li-ion battery are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Batteries Impedance Impedance measurement Battery charge measurement Frequency measurement Harmonic analysis Lithium-ion batteries Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Fourier methods Li-ion batteries optimization pseudo-random binary sequence

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MEASUREMENT OF FREQUENCY-RESPONSE OF CAROTID-SINUS BARORECEPTORS IN CAT

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MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 1974年第6期12卷 800-802页

作者： PONTE, J PURVES, MJ UNIV BRISTOL MED SCHDEPT PHYSIOLBRISTOLENGLAND

The ‘static’ stimulus-response curves of single baroreceptors were determined in four cats, anaesthetised with pentobarbitone, paralysed with gallamine and artificially ventilated. They consisted of a steep increase of the frequency of discharge with pressure at pressures immediately above threshold and a flatter relation at higher pressures. From this relation, binary levels of pressure were selected within the linear range and a pseudo-random binarys equence used as an input to the receptors, the frequency response being obtained by crosscorrelating the output (discharge) with the input. The response was similar to that obtained previously by sinusoidal stimulation at various frequencies, but was obtained in a fraction of the time. In discussion, it is suggested that the method may be applied to most biological sensory receptors for the determination of their frequency characteristics and the mechanisms which regulate receptor sensitivity.

关键词： Baroreceptors pseudo-random binary sequence Frequency response

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Excitation signals to state-space realization and linear-regression identification methods applied to a MIMO system 28

Excitation signals to state-space realization and linear-reg...

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28th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR)

作者： Soares, Dirceu, Jr. Serpa, Alberto Luiz Serra Fed Inst Espirito Santo IFES Dept Ind Automat Vitoria ES Brazil FEM Univ Campinas UNICAMP Dept Computat Mech Campinas SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362350;9798350362343

This work presents a new approach in the comparative analysis of three excitation signals applied in a system identification process. The excitation signals employed are pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS), Sine Sweep (CHIRP), and Gaussian White Noise (GWN). Moreover, with comparative purposes, two algorithms are used to identify a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) system of 100 degrees of freedom: a State-space identification method based on the traditional Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) and the linear-regression method ARMAX. The MIMO system is submitted to five levels of additive measurement noise: 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%. The results are statistically analysed composed by 100 simulations for each set of algorithm parameters. The simulations show that, apart from the GWN, well-known as an appropriated excitation signal for application in systems with the characteristics portrayed in the present work, the PRBS can be another feasible signal to identify the MIMO system simulated accordingly with the identification method chosen.

关键词： System identification Eigensystem Realization Algorithm ARMAX Gaussian White Noise pseudo-random binary sequence Sine Sweep MIMO system Measurement noise

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A 3.6 pJ/b 56 Gb/s 4-PAM Receiver With 6-Bit TI-SAR ADC and Quarter-Rate Speculative 2-Tap DFE in 32 nm CMOS 41

A 3.6 pJ/b 56 Gb/s 4-PAM Receiver With 6-Bit TI-SAR ADC and ...

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41st European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)

作者： Yueksel, Hazar Kull, Lukas Burg, Andreas Braendli, Matthias Buchmann, Peter Francese, Pier Andrea Menolfi, Christian Kossel, Marcel Morf, Thomas Andersen, Toke M. Luu, Danny Toifl, Thomas IBM Res GmbH Zurich Switzerland Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland ETH Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781467374729

This paper describes the implementation of a 4-level pulse-amplitude-modulation (4-PAM) receiver consisting of a 6-bit time-interleaved successive-approximation analog-to-digital converter (TI-SAR ADC), followed by a fully digital speculative 2-tap decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) operating at one-fourth of the modulation rate. The receiver, implemented in an experimental chip fabricated in 32nm SOI CMOS, is designed to recover data at 56 Gb/s over a channel with an attenuation of 11 dB at 14 GHz. The power consumption of the receiver is 202.7mW at a supply of 1.2V, achieving an overall energy efficiency of 3.62 pJ/b. The DFE along with area-optimized register arrays and memory-control buffers occupies an area of 0.154 x 0.169mm(2). Experimental results demonstrating a BER<10(-8) are obtained using a (2(7)-1)-bit pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS-7).

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits analogue-digital conversion decision feedback equalisers pulse amplitude modulation radio receivers random sequences silicon-on-insulator 4-PAM receiver 4-level pulse-amplitude-modulation receiver DFE PRBS-7 SOI CMOS TI-SAR ADC area-optimized register arrays bit rate 56 Gbit/s frequency 14 GHz fully digital speculative 2-tap decision-feedback equalizer memory-control buffers power 202.7 mW power consumption pseudo-random binary sequence size 32 nm time-interleaved successive-approximation analog-to-digital converter voltage 1.2 V word length 6 bit Bit error rate CMOS technology Clocks Decision feedback equalizers Receivers Registers decision feedback equalisers CMOS integrated circuits pseudorandom binary sequences Receivers Power consumption Analog-digital conversion Registers Pulse amplitude modulation random sequences silicon-on-insulator radio receivers Timing devices Bit error rate CMOS technology

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A Fully-Integrated 77-GHz pseudo-random Noise Coded Doppler Radar Sensor with Programmable sequence Generators in SiGe Technology

A Fully-Integrated 77-GHz Pseudo-Random Noise Coded Doppler ...

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IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)

作者： Ng, Herman Jalli Feger, Reinhard Stelzer, Andreas Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Christian Doppler Lab Integrated Radar Sensors Inst Commun Engn A-4040 Linz Austria Johannes Kepler Univ Linz RF Syst A-4040 Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781479938698

This paper describes a fully-integrated 77-GHz distant-selective pseudo-random noise coded Doppler radar transceiver in a Silicon-Germanium technology. The transceiver is capable of measuring a vibration or a velocity of a target at a specified distance, which is programmable and can be configured very precisely in the transceiver, and suppressing all other targets elsewhere. It is equipped with two pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) generators, which are implemented by using 12-stage linear-feedback shift registers (LFSRs) with a programmable primitive polynomial and can generate various maximum-length sequences to enable a high dynamic range. The LFSRs are realized in a Galois configuration and with current-mode logic gates and can thus be operated with a clock rate of up to 4.25 GHz to enable a range resolution of 3.5 cm. A single external signal source is used both as a clock for the PRBS generators and as an input signal for the frequency multiplier, which creates a carrier signal with a frequency of 76.5 GHz. Radar measurements with static as well as vibrating targets were done to show the applicability of the developed system.

关键词： 77-GHz radar ultra-wideband radar doppler radar pseudo-random noise pseudo-random binary sequence linear-feedback shift register current-mode logic emitter-coupled logic silicon-germanium technology

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Analysis and Simulation of Multipath Separation Based on Improved Penalty Function Method in Time-of-Flight Cameras 6

Analysis and Simulation of Multipath Separation Based on Imp...

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6th Symposium on Novel Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Applications

作者： Jin, Xiangliang Jiang, Bin Pan, Lehao Hunan Normal Univ Coll Phys & Elect Sci Changsha 410081 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510637054

Time-of-flight cameras use the flight time of light to obtain accurate depth information, but its accuracy is affected by multipath interference. In the penalty function method adopted in this study, the best initial iteration point is obtained by cross-correlation of a pseudo-random binary sequence and its displacement sequence, and a continuous and non-segmented exponential penalty (obstacle) function is constructed, which can be used for sparse decomposition of high-dimensional vectors. These two improvements make the penalty function method applicable to sparse decomposition in the multipath separation process. Moreover, under the same measurement times and operation speeds, the improved penalty function method is nearly twice as accurate as the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm in multipath separation.

关键词： time-of-flight multipath separation sparse decomposition penalty function method pseudo-random binary sequence

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REAL-TIME ELECTRICAL EMULATION OF LI-ION BATTERY STORAGE USING POWER- HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP

REAL-TIME ELECTRICAL EMULATION OF LI-ION BATTERY STORAGE USI...

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作者： Joona Leinonen Tampere University

学位级别：硕士

Li-ion batteries have become increasingly important in several engineering fields of technology. The batteries play a crucial role, for example, in renewable energy applications in which battery storages are used to balance the power fluctuations caused by continuously varying weather conditions. Another good example is electric vehicles whose operation is most often dependent on Li-ion batteries. The ever-increasing applications of Li-ion batteries have set new challenges in bat- tery analysis. In order to know when the battery must be replaced and in which application it might still be utilized, knowing the age of the battery is crucial. The battery state of health (SoH) is used to estimate the aging and degradation of the battery. The SoH can be estimated by measuring the battery internal impedance since it is highly dependent on the aging processes. Studying the battery aging is time-consuming because of the slow aging mechanisms and charging or discharging the battery to the desired operating state. This thesis studies methods for emulating the battery aging in real time using power-hardware- in-the-loop environment. The methods make it possible to analyze the SoH of Li-ion batteries within a short time without utilizing the actual aging process. This thesis presents the modeling of Li-ion battery impedance and the implementa- tion of battery emulation. The battery impedance model parameters are extracted from real data using a complex nonlinear least squares algorithm. Battery aging models are used to vary the battery SoH in real time. The operation of the em- ulation setup is verified by impedance measurements using wideband-identification techniques.

关键词： Li-ion battery aging impedance pseudo-random binary sequence emulation

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