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42nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society

作者： Loh, P. C. Blaabjerg, F. Gao, F. Baby, A. Tan, A. C. Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore Singapore Aalborg Univ Inst Energy Technol Aalborg Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781424412600

Sparse matrix converter is an alternative "all-semiconductor" energy processor proposed recently for converting an ac source with fixed magnitude and frequency to a variable voltage and frequency supply that can meet the requirements of a particular industry application. In principle, sparse matrix converter is constructed by connecting a front-end bi-directional rectification stage to a conventional two-level inversion stage with no bulky capacitive or inductive energy storage connected to their intermediate de-link. Through proper modulation and compensation of the resulting converter, sinusoidal input current and output voltage can be achieved with minimized rectification switching loss, rendering the sparse matrix converter as a competitive choice for interfacing the utility grid to (e.g.) defense facilities that require a different frequency supply. As an improvement, sparse matrix converter assembled using a three-level energy processing stage has briefly been mentioned in the literature, but has neither been tested in simulation nor experimentally because its operational principles, pulse-width modulation (PWM) control and index compensation have not yet been discussed in the existing literature. Addressing the afore-described issues, this paper focuses on the operational mode analysis of a three-level sparse matrix converter implemented using a neutral-point-clamped inversion stage, and the design of a number of PWM and modulation ratio compensation schemes for controlling the converter with improved waveform quality. Performances and practicalities of the designed schemes are verified in simulation and experimentally using an implemented laboratory prototype with some representative results captured and presented in the paper.

关键词： matrix converters rectifiers, neutral-point-clamped inverters pulse-width-modulation

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Digital removal of pulse-width-modulation-induced distortion in class-D audio amplifiers

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IET SIGNAL PROCESSING 2014年第6期8卷 680-692页

作者： Aase, Sven Ole Univ Stavanger Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci N-4036 Stavanger Norway

In an all-digital, class-D audio amplifier, pulse-width-modulation (PWM) of a digital signal source is usually followed by a low-order analog low-pass filter to construct the analog audio waveform. This study shows how to remove the non-linear distortion usually associated with PWM, by prefiltering the digital signal prior to the PWM mapping in such a manner that the overall result is distortion-free. The prefiltering is done using computationally effective infinite-impulse-response filters combined with short-kernel anticausal finite-impulse-response filters, and relies on the interpretation of PWM as a Volterra filter. A case study is presented where a second-order Butterworth analog low-pass filter is used for reconstruction of the analog audio signal. A complete amplifier system is modelled, including upsampling, Volterra prefiltering and noise feedback coding. Computer simulations on CD music signals were performed. Using a third-order prefilter, a signal-to-noise ratio of 97-102 dB was obtained for the music signals tested. All necessary filter data needed for realisation of the prefilter are given in the Appendix.

关键词： audio-frequency amplifiers audio signal processing Butterworth filters distortion feedback low-pass filters nonlinear filters pulse width modulation signal reconstruction transient response digital removal pulse-width-modulation-induced distortion class-D audio amplifiers pulse-width-modulation PWM digital signal source low-order analog low-pass filter analog audio waveform nonlinear distortion removal digital signal pulse-code-modulated-to-PWM mapping computationally effective infinite-impulse-response filters short-kernel anticausal finite-impulse-response filters Volterra filter second-order Butterworth analog low-pass filter analog audio signal reconstruction amplifier system Volterra prefiltering noise feedback coding computer simulations CD music signals third-order prefilter signal-to-noise ratio music signals filter data

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Class-O Base Station System with RF pulse-width-modulation in Downlink and Uplink

Class-O Base Station System with RF Pulse-Width-Modulation i...

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Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC)

作者： Maier, Simone Kuebart, Wolfgang Haslach, Christoph Seyfried, Ulrich Templ, Wolfgang Frotzscher, Andreas Markert, Daniel Matz, Ralf Pascht, Andreas Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs Germany Lorenzstr 10 D-70435 Stuttgart Germany Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nuremberg Inst Elect Engn D-91058 Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780858259744

In this paper, we present a novel so-called class-O distributed base station system where the remote unit and the central unit are connected via an optical link. In contrast to existing systems, we transmit a binary RF signal over the optical link which significantly reduces the complexity of the remote unit. The conversion from an analog to a binary signal is implemented using a fast pulse-width-modulator in the RF domain. For downlink this pulse-width-modulator is combined with a class-S amplifier, meeting the 3GPP ACLR requirements within an excellent 10dB electrical output power range. The uplink shows a dynamic range of 65dB for a 5MHz LTE signal. Lab measurements show robust optical transmission of the RF signals over up to 40km fiber. It is shown that both downlink and uplink are capable of supporting simultaneous transmission and reception, respectively, of non-contiguous frequency bands.

关键词： Base Station class-S amplifier optical fiber applications pulse-width-modulation

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Complementary double pulse-width-modulation for 3D shape measurement of complex surfaces

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OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 2023年第1期167卷

作者： Zheng, Yanjun Gao, Zhisheng Zuo, Chenglin Xihua Univ Sch Comp & Software Engn Chengdu 610039 Peoples R China China Aerodynam Res & Dev Ctr Low Speed Aerodynam Inst Mianyang 621000 Peoples R China

pulse-width modulation has the advantages of fast projection speed and high precision. However, when it is used to measure the three-dimensional (3D) shape of complex surfaces, it suffers from harmonic interference caused by slight defocusing and is sensitive to pixel oversaturation. To achieve high-speed and accurate 3D measurement of complex surfaces using this method, in this paper, a complementary double pulse-width -modulation (CDPWM) is proposed and used to generate ideal phase-shift fringe patterns. In our method, a triangular carrier signal with a zero phase is first used to generate a set of double pulse-width-modulation (DPWM) patterns, and then a triangular carrier signal with a phase of ��/2 is used to generate another set of DPWM patterns. Then, the CDPWM is obtained by fusing these two sets of DPWM patterns. We demonstrate that CDPWM can tremendously suppress harmonic interference so that in practical applications, a smaller defocus can be used to robustly reconstruct complex surfaces. Moreover, it is proved that the patterns corresponding to the ��/2 phase are the compensation patterns of the patterns corresponding to the zero phase, which enables CDPWM to eliminate or reduce the pixel oversaturation effect caused by a surface with a high dynamic range. Through experiments on simulated and real data, the proposed method is shown to substantially improve the phase quality and measurement accuracy over a wide range of fringe periods (e.g., from 18 to 912 pixels), especially when the defocus level is low. Different camera exposure times are used to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method to oversaturated pixels. Furthermore, we measured a set of ice surfaces and a metal surface containing both low-and high-reflection areas. The projector was set to a slight defocus, which better preserved the binary characteristics of the patterns it projected. The measurement results proved our method can significantly improve the measurement accuracy

关键词： Complementary pattern pulse-width-modulation High dynamic range 3D measurement Phase retrieval

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Voltage-Fed single stage inverter for generating systems with Multi-Input inverter using pulse width modulation

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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS 2023年 60卷

作者： Senthilkumar, T. Sivaraju, S. S. Ranganayaki, V. Anuradha, T. Anna Univ RVS Coll Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India Anna Univ KCG Coll Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Chennai Tamil Nadu India

A voltage-fed single-stage multiple-input inverter is developed for hybrid wind/photovoltaic energy generating systems. In this research proposes a revolutionary multi-input inverter that simplifies and reduces the power system's cost. Inverter comprises the DC-DC converters and full-bridge ac inverters, which are buck/buck-boost. This study proposed a multi-input converter for hybrid photovoltaic and wind energy systems, with the basis and enhanced functionalities created by the scholars included in the design. A Novel Predictive Current Control Algorithm (NPCCA) is proposed for Hybrid a renewable energy source which depends on improved space-vector pulse-width-modulation (PWM) to provide high-quality current and quick dynamic reaction to incorporate changes. Also discussed are the solar array and wind turbine output power characteristics. The Maximum Power Point-Tracking (MPPT) methodology is accomplished using the perturbation and observation methods to resist all non-linearities in the typical I-V curves. The proposed multi-input converters results in lower production costs for the converters since they use fewer semiconductors and take up less space. Soft-starting and circuit safety features are added for real-world uses. The simulation outcome of the NPCCA framework attained in terms of accuracy is 92% and efficiency is 92% when compared with the other existing approaches.

关键词： pulse-width-modulation Photovoltaic Wind Power System

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Battery-assisted Solar Energy Harvester Using Integrated Three-Port Converter With Adaptive Peak Power Tracking

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Ray, Olive Biswas, Kausik Chakraborty, Ritam Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar School of Electrical and Computer Sciences Bhubaneswar 752050 India

Solar energy harvesting circuits play a major role in powering portable consumer electronic applications. Batteries are also associated as a power source in these applications as a power balancing element. This work evaluates the performance of an battery-assisted integrated three-port converter used for solar energy harvesting. The novelty of the converter lies in the flexibility to operate in different operating modes using the same architecture through its pulse width modulation control at the same voltage level. The adaptive nature of converter operation enables peak power extraction with reduced solar power oscillations under rapid and slow varying insolation conditions at different weather conditions. The theory of operation has been validated using a 250 W experimental prototype of the three port converter for different operating conditions and closed loop controller has been verified with rapid dynamic changes in operating conditions. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Energy harvester maximum power point tracking pulse-width-modulation solar-battery integration

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Soft-switching PWM three-level converters

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2001年第5期16卷 612-622页

作者： Ruan, XB Zhou, LQ Yan, YG Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Aeropower Sci Tech Ctr Coll Automat Engn Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China

This paper proposes a family of modulation strategies for PWM three-level (TL) converters. The modulation strategies can be classified into two kinds according to the turn-off sequence of the two switches of the pair of switches. The concept of the leading switches and the lagging switches is introduced to realize soft-switching for PWM TL converters. The realization of soft-switching for both the leading switches and the lagging switches is proposed, based on which, soft-switching PWM TL converters can be classified into two kinds: zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS), for which the suitable modulation strategies are pointed out respectively from the family of modulation strategies. A novel ZVZCS TL converter is proposed, its operation principle and parameter design are analyzed, and the experimental results are included also.

关键词： modulation strategy pulse-width-modulation soft-switching three-level converter

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ENNA: An Efficient Neural Network Accelerator Design Based on ADC-Free Compute-In-Memory Subarrays

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS 2023年第1期70卷 353-363页

作者： Jiang, Hongwu Huang, Shanshi Li, Wantong Yu, Shimeng Georgia Inst Technol Sch Elect & Comp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Compute-in-memory (CIM) is an attractive solution for machine learning hardware acceleration since it merges computation directly into memory arrays, performing parallel multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. The primary challenge in the reported CIM designs is the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) that digitize analog MAC values for further processing, causing accuracy loss, excessive power dissipation, latency penalty, and area overhead. In this work, we propose ENNA, a novel CIM architecture based on an ADC-free subarray design, implementing inter-array data processing in an analog manner. A lightweight input encoding scheme based on pulse-width modulation (PWM) is proposed to improve the throughput. We taped-out a prototype macro and validated the proposed ADC-free RRAM array design in TSMC 40nm process. Based on the measured silicon data, we explore the system-level performance with a partition between analog and digital processing at a level higher than the sub-array. The evaluation results show that the proposed accelerator can achieve 73.6 similar to 46.4 TOPS/VV energy efficiency and 2.3 similar to 7 TOPS throughput (normalized to binary operation) tested on various DNN models. Furthermore, we project the proposed design using a heterogeneous 3D integration (H3D) scheme, showing a 3x similar to 37x throughput improvement depending on different tasks and similar to 50% reduced area overhead compared to 2D design.

关键词： Compute-in-memory ADC-free pulse-width-modulation heterogeneous 3D integration

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Multiinput converter with power factor correction, maximum power point tracking, and ripple-free input currents

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2004年第3期19卷 631-639页

作者： Chen, YM Liu, YC Wu, FY Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Elect Engn Power Elect Appl Res Lab Chiayi Taiwan

A multiinput converter for photovoltaic (PV) power system applications with power factor correction (PFC), maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and ripple-free input currents (RFIC) is proposed in this paper. With phase-shifted pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control, the multiinput converter can draw power from the utility line and PV arrays individually or simultaneously and deliver it to the load. In addition, an almost unity power factor for the utility line and an MPPT for PV arrays can also be achieved. Moreover, the upper power switches of each input-stage circuit in the proposed converter are operated with zero-current-switching (ZCS) at turn-off transition and the lower ones are operated with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) at turn-on transition. Hence, the switching losses of the power switches can be reduced. Experimental measurements are demonstrated to verify the performance of the proposed multiinput converter.

关键词： maximum power point tracking photovoltaic power factor correction pulse-width-modulation ripple-free input currents zero-current-switching zero-voltage-switching

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HIGH-EFFICIENCY 2-STAGE MULTIPHASE SWITCHED-CAPACITOR CONVERTER VIA VARIABLE-PHASE AND PWM CONTROL

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JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS 2010年第8期19卷 1753-1780页

作者： Chang, Yuen-Haw Chaoyang Univ Technol Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Wufeng Taichung County Taiwan

A closed-loop scheme of 2-stage multiphase switched-capacitor (MPSC) converter is proposed by combining variable-phase control (VPC) and pulse-width-modulation (PWM) technique for low-power DC-DC step-up conversion and high-efficiency output regulation. In this MPSC, there are 2 voltage doublers in series for boosting voltage gain up to 4 at most. Here, VPC is suggested to improve power efficiency, especially for the lower output voltage. It realizes a variable multiphase operation by changing MPSC topological path for more suitable level of voltage gain (4x/3x/2x/1x) according to the desired output. Besides, PWM is adopted for better output regulation not only to compensate dynamic error, but also to reinforce robustness against source/loading variation. Further, the theoretical analysis and design include: MPSC model, steady-state analysis, power efficiency, conversion ratio, ripple percentage, capacitance selection, stability, and control design. Finally, the closed-loop MPSC is simulated, and the hardware implementation is realized and tested. All the results are illustrated to show the efficacy of the proposed scheme.

关键词： Multiphase switched-capacitor (SC) variable-phase control pulse-width-modulation

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