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A lightweight vision transformer with embedded hybrid attention for quick response code defect classification

ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2025年 150卷

作者： Hu, Dianlu Zhao, Lun Ren, Yu Wang, Sen Ye, Xuanlin Zhang, Haohan Peng, Changqing Yunnan Open Univ Sch Mech & Elect Engn Kunming 650500 Peoples R China Kunming Univ Sci & Technol Fac Mech & Elect Engn Kunming 650500 Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ State Key Lab Ultraprecis Machining Technol Hong Kong Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Sch Biomed Engn Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China

quick response (QR) code label printing quality is crucial to product control. Due to the limited number of defect samples, unclear features, and the need to detect a large number of labels in real time, automated visual inspection faces challenges. For efficient and accurate automated visual defect recognition of printed QR code production, we propose a lightweight Vision Transformer network, Vision Transformer with Embedded Hybrid Attention (ViT-EHA). First, the Mixed Depthwise Convolution Block (MDConvBlock) is introduced to capture QR code defect details and feature information. This method additionally reduces the number of model parameters and computational costs. Furthermore, the LeAttention-Local Convolution-Multilayer Perceptron (LeALCM) module is proposed to enhance the ability to capture global information of the model and improve the effect of minor defect recognition. Ultimately, a hybrid attention (HA) module has been integrated to enhance the processing of low-level image features and to strengthen the interplay between shallow and deep features. To verify the validity and generalization of the model, the experimental results show that the proposed ViT-EHA method achieved an accuracy of 99.00% and a parameter count of 4.198 million (M) on the self- constructed dataset code-10 (QR code Dataset with 10 Classes), and the accuracy reached 98.33% and 97.73% on the public datasets NEU-CLS (Northeastern University Classification Dataset) and NEU-CLS-64 (Northeastern University Classification Dataset with 64 x 64 images), respectively.

关键词： quick response code Defect recognition Vision transformer Hybrid attention mechanism

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Comparison of the effect of quick response code-based training and traditional methods on the knowledge, skill, and satisfaction of the nursing students in using medical device

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SMART LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS 2025年第1期12卷 1-14页

作者： Bagheri-Nesami, Masoumeh Kamali, Mahsa Mollaei, Amirabbas Mazandaran Univ Med Sci Addict Inst Tradit & Complementary Med Res Ctr Sari Iran World Federat Acupuncture Moxibust Soc WFAS Beijing Peoples R China Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Student Res Comm Sch Nursing & Midwifery Tehran Iran Golestan Univ Med Sci Student Res Comm Fac Nursing & Midwifery Gorgan Iran Mazandaran Univ Med Sci Cardiovasc Res Ctr Sari Iran

Nurses acknowledge that their understanding of the shortcomings in the utilization of medical devices stems from insufficient knowledge about their correct usage. The use of quick response (QR) technology has paved a new gateway for accessing information and resources. The available evidence confirmed the usefulness of QR codes for use in clinical settings as a tool for training. The present research performed a quasi-experimental research design to compare the effect of QR code-based training and traditional methods on the knowledge, skill, and satisfaction of the nursing students in using medical device. For the control group, textual Persian manuals, visual aids in the form of pictures, and URLs were available to the students. For the intervention group, the training approach based on QR codes was explained on the first day of their presence at the heart center. The knowledge, skill and satisfaction evaluations were conducted at the end of the clinical course on day 10. The group of nursing students who used the QR code-based training method had a statistically significant higher mean knowledge and skill score compared to the traditional training method group. The level of satisfaction among students who received training using QR codes was non-significantly higher than traditional method group. Nursing managers and educators can enhance the delivery of high-quality nursing care by using QR code.

关键词： Nursing Education quick response code Equipment and Supplies

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Fast detection method of quick response code based on run-length coding

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IET IMAGE PROCESSING 2018年第4期12卷 546-551页

作者： Li, Shiren Shang, Jiayu Duan, Zhikui Huang, Junwei Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Elect & Informat Technol Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China Foshan Univ Sch Elect & Informat Technol Foshan Guangdong Peoples R China

quick response (QR) code, one of the two-dimensional barcodes, is now being widely used in all fields. The effectiveness of decoding, however, needs to be improved in real-time application. In most cases, the decoding procedure is time consuming, in which the detection of QR code plays an essential part. Therefore, this study proposes a fast detection method of QR code based on run-length coding: firstly, a novel approach is proposed to detect the minimum region containing position detection pattern (PDP) in QR code. Second, coordinates of central PDP in QR code are calculated by using run-length coding. The highlight in this step is the calculation, which utilises modified Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm. By this means, the computational complexity can be reduced tremendously. Finally, QR code can be detected successfully with the coordinates. The experimental results show that the proposed method is time saving and suitable for real-time application.

关键词： QR codes bar codes runlength codes fast detection method quick response code run-length coding QR code PDP position detection pattern modified Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm computational complexity two-dimensional barcodes

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Anticounterfeiting quick response code with Emission Color of Invisible Metal-Organic Frameworks as Encoding Information

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018年第26期10卷 22445-22452页

作者： Wang, Yong-Mei Tian, Xue-Tao Zhang, Hui Yang, Zhong-Rui Yin, Xue-Bo Nankai Univ Coll Chem State Key Lab Med Chem Biol Tianjin 300071 Peoples R China Nankai Univ Coll Chem Tianjin Key Lab Biosensing & Mol Recognit Tianjin 300071 Peoples R China Nankai Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Sci & Engn Tianjin Tianjin 300071 Peoples R China

Counterfeiting is a global epidemic that is compelling the development of new anticounterfeiting strategy. Herein, we report a novel multiple anticounterfeiting encoding strategy of invisible fluorescent quick response (QR) codes with emission color as information storage unit. The strategy requires red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting materials for different emission colors as encrypting information, single excitation for all of the emission for practicability, and ultraviolet (UV) excitation for invisibility under daylight. Therefore, RGB light-emitting nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) are designed as inks to construct the colorful light-emitting boxes for information encrypting, while three black vertex boxes were used for positioning. Full-color emissions are obtained by mixing the trichromatic NMOFs inks through inkjet printer. The encrypting information capacity is easily adjusted by the number of light-emitting boxes with the infinite emission colors. The information is decoded with specific excitation light at 273 nm, making the QR codes invisible under daylight. The composition of inks, invisibility, inkjet printing, and the abundant encrypting information all contribute to multiple anticounterfeiting. The proposed QR codes pattern holds great potential for advanced anticounterfeiting.

关键词： anticounterfeiting metal-organic frameworks quick response code trichromatic emission fluorescence at single excitation color encoding

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SVD-based self-embedding image authentication scheme using quick response code features

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2016年 38卷 18-28页

作者： Wu, Wen-Chuan Lin, Zi-Wei Aletheia Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn 32 Zhenli St Taipei 25103 Taiwan

Image authentication is a type of technique for the content protection of digital images. This technique is able to detect and locate tampered regions on a digital image. In this paper, two self-embedding image authentication approaches are proposed to involve distinctive singular values. Both of them extract self-characteristics of an image as the crucial authentication information for that image. Subsequently, this information is converted into the two dimensional code format and that codes are then embedded into digital image pixels. With the capability of error correction in two dimensional codes, the extracted authentication data, even being detected with a tamper, still can be completely restored and errorless. As well, it can be utilized to detect whether an image has been tampered with or not. According to experimental results, the proposed approaches are superior to other schemes for images that have been modified to a certain attack extent because the authentication data could be completely extracted in more effective way, and the tampered regions could be identified more accurately. In addition, the proposed approaches utilize these complete self-characteristics to restore tampered regions into their original states. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image authentication Fragile watermarking Tamper detection Self-embedding quick response code Singular value decomposition Differential prediction Data recovery

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Tobacco control via quick response code and mobile health technologies: Empirical -evidence of the health belief model theory

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HUMAN SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 2020年第2期39卷 197-217页

作者： Ali, Rahib Zhang, Ziqiong Soomro, Muhammad Bux Gogan, Ives Chacourre Wangninanon Soomro, Habib Rehman Harbin Inst Technol Sch Management Sci & Econ Harbin Heilongjiang Peoples R China Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Inst Sci & Technol Comp Sci Dept Larkana Campus Karachi Pakistan Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Inst Sci & Technol Management Sci Dept Larkana Campus Karachi Pakistan

BACKGROUND: Among the 1.1 billion global smokers about 80% of them live in developing countries, and nearly 7 million of those smokers will die by 2030, including 2 million-plus in China alone. China produces and consumes about one-third of global tobacco products, which affects nearly 80% of China's total population. Currently, largely-applied programs can aid in saving millions of Chinese citizens from tobacco menaces. Two of such programs are the WHO MPOWER and FCTC programs on tobacco control. OBJECTIVE: This study proposes the assimilation and conjoint uses of quick response code (QRC) and mobile health (mHealth) technologies to aid smokers in cessation by improving their health beliefs. The study is also viable to estimate the likelihood that smokers will cut/quit smoking due to their changes in health beliefs. METHODS: Since digital technologies play a crucial role in health-care education, ergo, we programmed anti-tobacco QR codes and mHealth application, the conjoint uses of both these two tools aim to improve smokers' comprehension of tobacco perils and assist them to overcome their perceived barriers related to cessation and attain the perceived benefits of quitting. The health belief model theory was adopted and 600 English-speaking students were recruited as a convenient sample of participants in this study. RESULTS: The obtained results suggest that both printing the proposed anti-tobacco codes on cigarette packaging and adoption of mHealth can assist experts in improving the health beliefs of smokers towards smoking-cessation acceptance. CONCLUSION: This study will aid experts as technology compliance in accordance with the WHO MPOWER and FCTC programs on tobacco control in China.

关键词： Health belief model mobile health quick response code technology tobacco control

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Effects of the individual three-dimensional printed craniofacial bones with a quick response code on the skull spatial knowledge of undergraduate medical students

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ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2023年第5期16卷 858-869页

作者： Yang, Mao-Yi Tseng, Hsien-Chun Liu, Chiung-Hui Tsai, Shao-Yu Chen, Jyun-Hsiung Chu, Yin-Hung Li, Shao-Ti Lee, Jian-, Jr. Liao, Wen-Chieh Changhua Christian Hosp Dept Med Educ Changhua Taiwan Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Mem Hosp Dept Orthoped Surg Taipei Taiwan Chung Shan Med Univ Hosp Dept Radiat Oncol Taichung Taiwan Chung Shan Med Univ Sch Med Dept Radiat Oncol Taichung Taiwan Natl Chung Hsing Univ Coll Med PhD Program Tissue Engn & Regenerat Med Taichung Taiwan Natl Chung Hsing Univ Coll Med Dept Postbaccalaureate Med 145 Xingda Rd Taichung 40227 Taiwan Chung Shan Med Univ Fac Med Dept Anat Taichung Taiwan China Med Univ Fac Med Sch Med Taichung Taiwan China Med Univ Hosp Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg Taichung Taiwan

Understanding the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the human skull is imperative for medical courses. However, medical students are overwhelmed by the spatial complexity of the skull. Separated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bone models have advantages as learning tools, but they are fragile and expensive. This study aimed to reconstruct 3D-printed skull bone models (3D-PSBs) using polylactic acid (PLA) with anatomical characteristics for spatial recognition of the skull. Student responses to 3D-PSB application were investigated through a questionnaire and tests to understand the requirement of these models as a learning tool. The students were randomly divided into 3D-PSB (n = 63) and skull (n = 67) groups to analyze pre- and post-test scores. Their knowledge was improved, with the gain scores of the 3D-PSB group (50.0 +/- 3.0) higher than that of the skull group (37.3 +/- 5.2). Most students agreed that using 3D-PSBs with quick response codes could improve immediate feedback on teaching (88%;4.41 +/- 0.75), while 85.9% of the students agreed that individual 3D-PSBs clarified the structures hidden within the skull (4.41 +/- 0.75). The ball drop test revealed that the mechanical strength of the cement/PLA model was significantly greater than that of the cement or PLA model. The prices of the PVC, cement, and cement/PLA models were 234, 1.9, and 10 times higher than that of the 3D-PSB model, respectively. These findings imply that low-cost 3D-PSB models could revolutionize skull anatomical education by incorporating digital technologies like the QR system into the anatomical teaching repertoire.

关键词： 3D printing anatomical models computed tomography gross anatomical education palatine bone polylactic acid quick response code skull

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The efficiency of quick response code versus telephone contact for post-discharge follow-up after ophthalmic day surgery: a randomized controlled trial

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INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023年第8期43卷 2669-2677页

作者： Fan, Peiting Liao, Minyan Xiao, Liwen Yao, Guanjing Lin, Yiquan Gan, Xiaoliang Xie, Zhubin Zhu, Yanling Sun Yat Sen Univ Zhongshan Ophthalm Ctr Dept Anesthesiol State Key Lab Ophthalmol Guangzhou 510060 Peoples R China

PurposeTo assess and compare the efficiency of quick response (QR) code versus telephone contact for post-discharge follow-up in patients receiving low-risk ophthalmic day *** hundred and sixty patients undergoing strabismus day-care surgery with general anesthesia were randomly allocated to either the intervention group using QR code (QR group) or the control group receiving telephone call (TEL group) for post-discharge follow-up. The primary outcome was the follow-up overall attendance rate on the second postoperative day. Secondary outcomes included attendance rate at the first scheduled follow-up, number of text message reminders, elapsed time and estimated cost for follow-up, omission rate of follow-up responses, and patient *** overall attendance rate of follow-up was significantly higher in the QR group than that in the TEL group (97.5% vs. 87.5%, p = 0.016). As compared with the TEL group, the QR group significantly reduced the number of text message reminders with higher attendances at the first scheduled follow-up (p < 0.001, p = 0.001). Besides, the TEL group cost a median time of 258 s and a median cost of RMB 5.8 yuan to complete a follow-up consultant, but was associated with a significantly high omission rate of follow-up responses comparing to the QR group (p = 0.002). Patient satisfaction was comparable between two *** code follow-up can be more efficient than traditional telephone contact in assessing the post-discharge recovery after strabismus day surgery, which provides a safe and intuitively alternative follow-up pathway for identifying issues that may necessitate further clinical care for more low-risk ophthalmic day surgeries.

关键词： quick response code Telephone Follow-up Day surgery Strabismus surgery

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The Application of WeChat quick response code in WeChat Official Accounts 2

The Application of WeChat Quick Response Code in WeChat Offi...

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2017 IEEE 2nd Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC 2017)

作者： Chun Liu Yudeng Shi School of Computer Hubei University of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781509064151;9781509064144

Based on the WeChat public platform, a new registration system was proposed. In this system, users registered and got their WeC hat quick response codes, customer service staffs scan them to control users' admissions to the competition with mobile phones. Experiments and trial operations showed that this system brought new experience to users, reduced the workload of competition's pre-publicity work and management, and enhanced the security of users' information with the application of quick response code. Event organizers and users will really experience the convenience of participating in and managing all kinds of competitions.

关键词： WeChat public platform quick response code registration system

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Retrieve Information From Articles By Using quick response code

Retrieve Information From Articles By Using Quick Response C...

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IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (EIT)

作者： Abualsha'ar, Najeeb Al-Jararwah, Mohammad Al-refai, Ghaith Amer, Anwar Bani Tashtoush, Yahya Al-refai, Mohammed Jordan Univ Sci & Technol Comp Sci Dept Irbid Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728153179

Due to the growing number of articles and the ever-increasing number of information provided by them, the process of extracting important information needed by a researcher requires a lot of time and effort. In this research, we propose a system that uses QR codes to retrieve key data from articles, so that researchers can obtain information with less time and effort compared to traditional ways of searching and reading. This smart and fast searching approach can be done by placing QR codes on articles with high storage ratio. The QR code contains key information about the article such as paper title, keywords, place and date of publication, evaluation and other basic information needed by researchers. The system implemented and designed as Android smart phone application with easy-to-use interface.

关键词： quick response code QR code articles retrieve data smartphone application

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