Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have a great potential use for the United States Marine Corps and United States Navy. When performing amphibious operations, underwater mines present a danger for t he forces goin...
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Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have a great potential use for the United States Marine Corps and United States Navy. When performing amphibious operations, underwater mines present a danger for t he forces going ashore. The use of underwater vehicles for the detection of this mines and signaling to the Amphibious Ready Group is very attractive. With advancements in hardware and object oriented language technology, more complicated and robust software can be developed. The Naval Postgraduate School Center for AUV Research has been designing, building, operating, and researching AUVs since 1987. Each generation of vehicles has provided substantially increased in operational capabilities and level of sophistication in the hardware and software respectively. With the advancement in real-time computer languages support, object oriented technology, and cost efficient and high performance hardware, this thesis lays the foundations to develop a software system for the execution level using the java language. We look into the javareal-time specifications and extension to familiarize with the capabilities of java for real-time support, and study java boards and its application for embedded real-time systems. We developed an object-oriented design for the execution level control software and implemented the design in java. A testing phase is still under work.
Developing a real-time system in java requires awareness of memory behaviour in addition to software functional requirements. The real-time Specification for java (RTSJ) introduces a scoped memory model to avoid garba...
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Developing a real-time system in java requires awareness of memory behaviour in addition to software functional requirements. The real-time Specification for java (RTSJ) introduces a scoped memory model to avoid garbage collection delays in critical real-time applications which need to meet hard real-time constraints. Scoped memory management has certain advantages over garbage collection in terms of predictability. However, developing a real-time application using scoped memory areas (regions) may suffer from both design and runtime errors. Moreover, from a memory footprint perspective, the inability to determine precisely how many scoped memory areas should be used and which objects or threads should be allocated into these scoped memory areas makes using RTSJ problematic for developing real-time systems. In this paper, a survey of the current approaches to improve scoped memory management and new emerging challenges in RTSJ scoped memory management model are presented. Categorizing those problems and challenges provides a picture of the issues researchers have yet to investigate and to support solutions for an optimal scoped memory model. Current approaches and a set of benchmarks used to evaluate current solutions are presented and new research questions in developing realtimejava systems using a scoped memory model are proposed. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Hard real-time systems have stringent timing and resource requirements. As such, debugging and tracing such systems often requires low-level hardware support, and online debugging is usually precluded entirely. In oth...
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Hard real-time systems have stringent timing and resource requirements. As such, debugging and tracing such systems often requires low-level hardware support, and online debugging is usually precluded entirely. In other areas, however, visual debugging has greatly improved program understanding and late cycle development times for nonreal-time applications. In this paper, we introduce a visual test and debug framework for hard real-time java applications built around the JIVE platform and realized in the Fiji virtual machine. Our framework, called *** ["dZIfi], provides high-level debugging support over low-level execution traces. *** provides both powerful visualizations and real-time centric temporal query support. To ensure preservation of the real-time characteristics of the application being tested and debugged, *** leverages a real-time event log infrastructure that logs only relevant application and virtual machine level events, such as synchronization and modifications to priorities or thread state. Our performance results indicate that our logging infrastructure is suitable for hard real-time systems, as the performance impact is both uniform and quantifiable. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This article deals with a simple optimization for a level-5 protocol called JRMP (java's Remote Method Protocol), which is used in a distribution model named java's RMI (java's Remote Method Invocation). T...
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This article deals with a simple optimization for a level-5 protocol called JRMP (java's Remote Method Protocol), which is used in a distribution model named java's RMI (java's Remote Method Invocation). The main JRMP subprotocol, namely Stream, has been enhanced with a simple and direct multiplexing mechanism that offers the possibility of transferring several parallel request-response interactions without opening new TCP/IP connections. The overhead required to process headers and the advantages stemmed from the approach in terms of response-time are explored on a switched-ethernet benchmark application.
The real-time Specification for java (RTSJ) introduced a range of language features for explicit memory management. While the RTSJ gives programmers fine control over memory use and allows linear allocation and consta...
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The real-time Specification for java (RTSJ) introduced a range of language features for explicit memory management. While the RTSJ gives programmers fine control over memory use and allows linear allocation and constant-time deallocation, the RTSJ relies upon dynamic runtime checks for safety, making it unsuitable for safety critical applications. We introduce ScopeJ, a statically-typed, multi-threaded, object calculus in which scopes are first class constructs. Scopes reify allocation contexts and provide a safe alternative to automatic memory management. Safety follows from the use of an ownership type system that enforces a topology on run-time patterns of references. ScopeJ's type system is novel in that ownership annotations are implicit. This substantially reduces the burden for developers and increases the likelihood of adoption. The notion of implicit ownership is particularly appealing when combined with pluggable type systems, as one can apply different type constraints to different components of an application depending on the requirements without changing the source language. In related work we have demonstrated the usefulness of our approach in the context of highly-responsive systems and stream processing. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Automatic memory management or garbage collection greatly simplifies development of large systems. However, garbage collection is usually not used in real-time systems due to the unpredictable temporal behavior of cur...
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Automatic memory management or garbage collection greatly simplifies development of large systems. However, garbage collection is usually not used in real-time systems due to the unpredictable temporal behavior of current implementations of a garbage collector. In this paper we propose a real-time garbage collector that can be scheduled like a normal real-time thread with a deadline monotonic assigned priority. We provide an upper bound for the collector period so that the application threads will never run out of memory. Furthermore, we show that the restricted execution model of the Safety Critical java standard simplifies root scanning and reduces copying of static data. Our proposal has been implemented and evaluated in the context of the java processor JOP.
This paper discusses the software architecture of a real-time CORBA object request broker (ORB) called ZEN, written in real-time java, which is designed to eliminate common sources of overhead and non-determinism in O...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769515584
This paper discusses the software architecture of a real-time CORBA object request broker (ORB) called ZEN, written in real-time java, which is designed to eliminate common sources of overhead and non-determinism in ORB implementations. We illustrate how ZEN can be configured to select the minimal set of components used by an application. Our experience with ZEN indicates that combining real-time java with real-time CORBA is a major step forward towards simplifying the development and maintenance of distributed middleware and applications with stringent quality of service requirements.
There is a trend towards using object-oriented-programming languages to develop hard real-time applications. However, some object-oriented-features, such as dynamic dispatching and dynamic loading, are prohibited from...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769515584
There is a trend towards using object-oriented-programming languages to develop hard real-time applications. However, some object-oriented-features, such as dynamic dispatching and dynamic loading, are prohibited from being used in hard real-time systems because they are either unpredictable and/or unanalysable. Arguably, these restrictions could make applications very limited and unrealistic since they could eliminate the major advantages of object-oriented programming. This paper demonstrates how we can address the dynamic dispatching issues in Worst-Case Execution Timing (WCET) analysis with minimum annotations. The major contributions include: discussing the major issues involved in using and restricting dynamic binding features;weakening the restriction of using dynamic dispatching;presenting how to estimate tighter and safer WCET value in object-oriented hard real-time systems. Our approach shows that allowing the use of dynamic dispatching can not only provide a more flexible way to develop object-oriented hard real-time applications, but also does not necessarily result in unpredictable timing analysis.
Embedded systems are highly used in every field. Embedded system often required to provide real-time response. As embedded systems become more and more complex, and the time to market becomes shorter;there is a need i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538625996
Embedded systems are highly used in every field. Embedded system often required to provide real-time response. As embedded systems become more and more complex, and the time to market becomes shorter;there is a need in the embedded systems community to find better programming languages that let the programmers develop correct code faster: The programming languages used today typically C and/or Assemblers-are just too error-prone. The java technology has therefore gained a lot of interest from developers of embedded systems in the last few years [1]. To use java in real-time/Safety-Critical systems calls for significantly green predictable code execution. Techniques to achieve this include Ahead-Of-time compilation, incremental Garbage Collection and the use of RTSJ-compliant Virtual Machine. However those are not enough as time-predictability can without trouble be ruined through using the same antique library (lazy initialization, array resizing, and so forth.). To reap actual time predictability one should have a time deterministic library. This paper introduces such open deliver library known as Javolution suitable for embedded or server-aspect applications and used for safety important application global [2]. This paper also presents an overview of the most recent and important studies in the area of real-time java computing. We will study and analysis of java variations for real-time systems.
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