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Orchestration in web services and real-time communications

IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 2007年第7期45卷 44-50页

作者： Lin, Lin Lin, Ping Nortel Richardson TX 75082 USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada Nortel Enterprise Voice Grp Richardson TX 75082 USA Nortel Multimedia Applicat Grp Richardson TX 75082 USA

Web services orchestration is now being adopted for the coordination of real-time communications services, including telephony, video and multimedia communications. But do these communications services integrate into work-flows in the same way as Web services in the data environment, and are orchestration mechanisms for Web services sufficient for the needs of workflows that involve real-time communications? In this article we explore these questions by taking a look at three approaches to orchestrating workflows: Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), Call Control eXtensible Markup Language (CCXML), and State Chart eXtensible Markup Language (SCXML). Through an analysis of these languages, we find that although there are similarities between BPEL as a Web services orchestration language and CCXML/SCXML as orchestration languages for telecom applications, certain key differences, namely procedural vs. event-based representation and coarse vs. fine task granularity, make it more suitable to use these two types of languages together rather than having one replace the other in converged voice-data applications.

关键词： WEB services real-time computing programming languages (Electronic computers) TELEPHONE systems MULtimeDIA communications TELECOMMUNICATION BPEL (Computer program language) real-time programming

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Procedures and parameters in the real-time program refinement calculus

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programming 2007年第3期64卷 286-311页

作者： Hayes, Ian J. Univ Queensland Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia

The real-time refinement calculus is a formal method for the systematic derivation of real-time programs from real-time specifications in a style similar to the non-real-time refinement calculi of Back and Morgan. In this paper we extend the real-time refinement calculus with procedures and provide refinement rules for refining real-time specifications to procedure calls. A real-time specification can include constraints on, not only what outputs are produced, but also when they are produced. The derived programs can also include time constraints oil when certain points in the program must be reached;these are expressed in the form of deadline commands. Such programs are machine independent. An important consequence of the approach taken is that, not only are the specifications machine independent, but the whole refinement process is machine independent. To implement the machine independent code on a target machine one has a separate task of showing that the compiled machine code will reach all its deadlines before they expire. For real-time programs, externally observable input and output variables are essential. These differ from local variables in that their values are observable over the duration of the execution of the program. Hence procedures require input and output parameter mechanisms that are references to the actual parameters so that changes to external inputs are observable within the procedure and changes to output parameters are externally observable. In addition, we allow value and result parameters. These may be auxiliary parameters, which are used for reasoning about the correctness of real-time programs as well as in the expression of timing deadlines, but do not lead to any code being generated for them by a compiler. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： procedures parameters real-time programming refinement calculus machine independent platform independent auxiliary variables auxiliary parameters deadlines

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Jitter minimization in scheduling computations in real-time systems

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programming AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2014年第1期40卷 28-34页

作者： Kolesov, N. V. Tolmacheva, M. V. Yukhta, P. V. State Res Ctr Russian Federat Concern CSRI Elektropribor St Petersburg 197046 Russia

Scheduling algorithms are proposed for a computational process in single-processor real-time systems. time it takes to execute the tasks is assumed to be known imprecisely and is given by a time interval, which leads ... 详细信息

关键词： SCHEDULING software time management software AUTOMATED planning & scheduling time-sharing computer systems COMPUTER programming real-time computing real-time programming

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real-time Dry Beach Length Monitoring for Tailings Dams Based on Visual Measurement

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2013年第1期2013卷 1-7页

作者： Hu, Jun Hu, Shan Kang, Fei Zhang, Jianhua Univ Sci & Technol Liaoning Sch Min Engn Anshan 114051 Liaoning Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Fac Infrastruct Engn Dalian 116024 Liaoning Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Comp Sci & Technol Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang Peoples R China

The length of dry beach is an important factor that influences the safety of tailings dams. However, there still is no accurate and reliable method that can conveniently measure the length of dry beach. In this paper, the authors focus on developing a novel method for dry beach length determination. The proposed method can effectively measure the dry beach length through an ordinary camera and four marking rods placed on the dry beach. Experimental results show that the proposed method can conveniently measure the dry beach length with high accuracy, and therefore it can be adopted as an effective method in tailings dam real-time health monitoring.

关键词： BEACHES TAILINGS dams STRUCTURAL health monitoring real-time programming BARS (Engineering) ENGINEERING mathematics

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A fuzzy-logic mapper for audiovisual media

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COMPUTER MUSIC JOURNAL 2006年第1期30卷 67-82页

作者： Cádiz, RF Northwestern Univ Mus Technol Program Sch Mus Evanston IL 60208 USA

Recent technological developments have enabled us to synthesize images andsounds concurrently within single computers, even in real time, giving birth to novel and genuinelyintegrated audiovisual art forms (Hunt et al. 1998). But how should we organize and compose suchworks? Given a certain soundscape, what would form an appropriate sequence of images to thatsoundscape? Given a certain sequence of images, what soundscape is appropriate to it? If the imagesequence and the soundscape are being created concurrently, how should we compose them?

关键词： FUZZY logic AUDIOVISUAL materials MOTION SOUND real-time programming IMAGE processing MASS media FUZZY systems real-time computing

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A real-time SYSTEMS CONTEXT FOR THE FRAMEWORK FOR INFORMATION-SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE

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IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL 1995年第1期34卷 20-38页

作者： SCHOCH, DJ LAPLANTE, PA FAIRLEIGH DICKINSON UNIV DEPT MATH & COMP SCI MADISON NJ 07940 USA

In this paper we review the framework for information systems architecture first introduced by Zachman and show how it can be applied in the context of real-time systems. Discussions are included throughout the paper to convey some of the characteristics unique to real-time systems and to point out areas of special architectural concern.

关键词： SYSTEMS engineering real-time programming MANAGEMENT information systems

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High-level interpretation in virtual environments

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APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2000年第1期14卷 125-144页

作者： Cavazza, M Palmer, I Univ Bradford Dept Elect Imaging & Media Commun Bradford W Yorkshire England

As virtual environments applications become mole complex, there is a need to interpret user interaction in terms of high-level concepts. In this paper, the relations between conceptual representations of actions and their physical simulation in virtual worlds is investigated. A model inspired from natural language processing (NLP) research in the linguistic interpretation of dynamic scenes has been developed. The experiments are based on real-time animation software, which has been enhanced with a symbolic information processing layer, originally developed for NLP-based animation. We report the implementation of a high-level interpretation module that is able to recognize complex actions from low-level physical events in the virtual world and discuss its performance as well as directions for further developments.

关键词： NATURAL language processing (Computer science) COMPUTER-generated imagery real-time programming

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Exploiting the opportunities of collaborative decision making: A model and efficient solution algorithm for airline use

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TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE 2000年第4期34卷 381-393页

作者： Carlson, PM NW Airlines St Paul MN 55111 USA MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Collaborative decision making (CDM) is a joint Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)/ industry initiative aimed at improving traffic flow management when inclement weather reduces an airport's arrival capacity. CDM replaces the present Ground Delay Program and is expected to be fully implemented by or around the year 2000. Under CDM, during periods of undersupply, the FAA's role shifts from centralized decision-maker to information gatherer and resource arbiter. Filling the decision-making void are the airlines, now given the freedom to make rescheduling decisions according to their own priorities and objectives, lit this paper, toe present art integer model and a real-time solution algorithm that assist an airline in making these rescheduling decisions at its hub airport, the location with the largest number of operations and therefore the greatest opportunity for improvement. Our research improves the existing state-of-the-art by representing the real world more thoroughly and intuitively than existing models (a modeling contribution) and by exploiting the structure of our model to achieve optimal solutions to large-scale scenarios in, real time (an algorithmic contribution). Furthermore, we present four different formulations of the model. Although the different formulations are equivalent in that they have identical integer feasible solution sets and optimal objective function values, they exhibit widely-varying optimization times when tested on, large-scale scenarios, allowing us to compare the characteristics and desirability of the alternative formulation techniques.

关键词： INTEGER programming DECISION making ALGORITHMS AIRLINE industry PRODUCTION scheduling AIRPORTS real-time programming TRAFFIC flow

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real-time schedulability tests for preemptive multitasking

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real-time SYSTEMS 1998年第1期14卷 61-93页

作者： Fidge, CJ Univ Queensland Dept Comp Sci Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia

When developing multitasking real-time systems, schedulability tests are used to formally prove that a given task set will meet its deadlines. A wide range of such tests have appeared in the literature. This tutorial ... 详细信息

关键词： scheduling theory multi-task programming schedulability testing real-time programming scheduling policies

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An operational semantics and compiler for real-time specifications

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INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING 1998年第3期5卷 187-206页

作者： Puchol, C Stuart, DA Mok, AK Univ Texas Dept Comp Sci Austin TX 78712 USA

The Modechart specification language is a formalism for the specification and implementation of real-time systems. This paper presents the semantics for Modechart in an operational style and a compiler for automatically synthesizing specifications. Modechart adopts the synchronous model of concurrency and broadcast of events, which also assumes instantaneous response to environment inputs. The formal syntax of Modechart is introduced first, followed by the semantics for the class of deterministic specifications, followed by the definition of the non-deterministic semantics. The semantics introduced is shown to be equivalent to the original semantics defined in real-time Logic. We argue that the operational semantics provides a more computational approach to the semantics as well as a more intuitive, modular, yet precise, reference manual for the language. This semantics offers insight into the language and serves as a foundation for future work based on the language. We show how the semantics (for deterministic programs) naturally derives a Modechart compiler, which provides automatic synthesis of formal specifications. An extension to the compiler presented provides support for a fragment of the non-deterministic specifications which occur often in practice. We characterize this class and show how it can be used in automatic code generation for engineering real-time applications.

关键词： real-time programming programming language semantics COMPILERS (Computer programs) CODE generators

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