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Reliable rate-adaptive video transmission over cognitive cellular networks using multiple description scalable coding

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TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2019年第3期71卷 321-338页

作者： Chaoub, Abdelaali Ennaoui, Fatim Zahra Ibn-Elhaj, Elhassane Natl Inst Posts & Telecommun INPT STRS Lab MUSICS Team Rabat Morocco

The promise of high-bandwidth and low-latency wireless applications has placed unprecedented stress on the limited spectrum for future 5G networks. Thus, dynamic spectrum sharing has emerged as a promising solution to increase the capacity and the coverage of future cellular networks. In this paper, we tackle the issue of video delivery over cognitive cellular networks using a combination of the legacy licensed bands as well as the spectrum holes left unused in TV bands. To actively react to fluctuating bandwidth, the original video undergoes a multiple description scalable coding (MDSC), whereby the video sequence is fragmented into odd and even sub-streams, then the decomposed video is hierarchically encoded using H.264/SVC to produce two independent descriptions that refine each other. As long as the available licensed radio resources are not sufficient to deliver all the scalable video layers, the cognitive base station exploits the available portion of TV spectrum using a hybrid interweave and underlay approach to extend the capacity of the legacy infrastructure. Numerical simulations show that the proposed transmission scheme provides enough capacity, up to 1.62 Mbps increase, to handle the rising demands in terms of video quality in a timely manner without disrupting the primary link and without connection release. Moreover, the proposed MDSC framework offers an increment of 20% (24%, respectively) in the PSNR (MS-SSIM, respectively) of the received video.

关键词： Dynamic spectrum sharing Mobile networks TV white space scalable coding Multiple description coding

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Error-resilient video streaming over wireless networks using combined scalable coding and multiple-description coding

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2007年第4期22卷 403-420页

作者： Chen, Chih-Ming Chen, Chien-Min Lin, Chia-Wen Chen, Yung-Chang Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Chunghwa Telecom Co Ltd Telecommun Labs Tao Yuan 326 Taiwan

In this paper, we propose a novel error-resilient coding technique, namely, multiple-description fine granularity scalability (MD-FGS) coding, to enhance error resiliency while retaining good temporal prediction efficiency for video transport over error-prone networks, especially for wireless channels. The proposed MD-FGS coding scheme is based on a combination of FGS and modified MD scalar quantization (MDSQ), named Base-MDSQ, in which partial prediction is utilized to control drifting error. We also propose an adaptive soft handoff algorithm to effectively mitigate video quality degradation caused by transient channel switching when a mobile client roams in wireless local area networks (WLANs). The handoff algorithm utilizes a channel estimator to decide which channels should be used for delivering video. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively mitigates error propagation due to packet loss while maintaining good coding efficiency. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： video streaming error-resilient coding transcoding scalable coding path diversity multiple-description coding channel handoff

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Regularized iterative image interpolation and its application to spatially scalable coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 1998年第3期44卷 1042-1047页

作者： Shin, JH Jung, JH Paik, JK Chung Ang Univ Dept Elect Engn Tongjak Ku Seoul 156756 South Korea

This paper presents a regularized iterative image interpolation algorithm, which can restore high frequency details in the original high resolution image. In order to apply the regularization approach to the interpolation procedure, we first present a two-dimensional separable image degradation model for a low resolution imaging system. According to the mode!, we propose a regularization based spatial image sequence interpolation algorithm and apply the proposed algorithm to a spatially scalable coding.

关键词： interpolation regularization scalable coding

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A multiple description scalable coding scheme for adaptive video streaming over next generation cellular networks

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 2019年 91卷 77-90页

作者： Chaoub, Abdelaali Ibn-Elhaj, Elhassane Natl Inst Posts & Telecommun INPT Rabat STRS Lab MUS Team Rabat Morocco

Nowadays, billions of users are connected to the mobile infrastructure offering a plethora of emerging services, and video streams are among the main contributors to this unprecedented traffic explosion. The paradigm of dynamic spectrum access (DSA) was coined and has become a widely accepted technology to boost the capacity of next generation networks. In this work, we propose an enhanced video coding implementation jointly with a DSA protocol wherein the sender actively picks up the most appropriate access strategy contingent on the instantaneous spectrum observations. The legacy frequencies pool has been extended to include the spectral ranges left unused in the television (TV) bands. A specific coding framework using a concatenation of multiple description coding and layered coding is investigated. The video is decomposed into two sub-streams through even and odd frames separation, then the resulting sub-streams are encoded into a scalable structure producing two independent and cumulative descriptions. The sender chooses to make use of the extended spectrum pool exclusively when the default frequencies are no more advantageous in terms of network capacity. Through extensive simulations, we compare the performance of the cellular network with and without the proposed DSA strategy. It has been proven that the proposed video transmission scheme using hybrid spectrum access provides a significant enhancement in network capacity up to 6.3 Mbps and the capacity gain outweighs the disadvantage of interference incidents due to licensed-cognitive, co-channel and adjacent channel coexistence, besides retrieving an improved perceived video quality at the customer side illustrated by an increment of up to 6.8 dB (0.176, respectively) in terms of the achieved PSNR-HVS-M (MS-SSIM, respectively). (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic spectrum access Cellular networks TV white space Underlay Interweave scalable coding Multiple description coding

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Performance of scalable coding in Depth Domain

Performance of Scalable Coding in Depth Domain

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Conference on Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXI

作者： Sjostrom, Marten Karlsson, Linda S. Mid Sweden Univ SE-85170 Sundsvall Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9780819479174

Common autostereoscopic 3D displays are based on multi-view projection. The diversity of resolutions and number of views of such displays implies a necessary flexibility of 3D content formats in order to make broadcasting efficient. Furthermore, distribution of content over a heterogeneous network should adapt to an available network capacity. Present scalable video coding provides the ability to adapt to network conditions;it allows for quality, temporal and spatial scaling of 2D video. Scalability for 3D data extends this list to the depth and the view domains. We have introduced scalability with respect to depth information. Our proposed scheme is based on the multi-view-plus-depth format where the center view data are preserved, and side views are extracted in enhancement layers depending on depth values. We investigate the performance of various layer assignment strategies: number of layers, and distribution of layers in depth, either based on equal number of pixels or histogram characteristics. We further consider the consequences to variable distortion due to encoder parameters. The results are evaluated considering their overall distortion verses bit rate, distortion per enhancement layer, as well as visual quality appearance. Scalability with respect to depth (and views) allows for an increased number of quality steps;the cost is a slight increase of required capacity for the whole sequence. The main advantage is, however, an improved quality for objects close to the viewer, even if overall quality is worse.

关键词： multi-view 3D video scalable coding compression depth values

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Reactive and proactive approaches to media streaming: From scalable coding to content delivery networks

Reactive and proactive approaches to media streaming: From s...

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2nd International Conference on Information Technology - coding and Computing (ITCC 2001)

作者： Lu, J EnjoyWeb Inc. United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

For an end-to-end media streaming system, the Internet can be considered a black box in the middle that connects a client at one end to the server at the other end. In this paper, we present both ends' views of the streaming problems and review two approaches to these problems. The first approach, which is represented by scalable coding, is reactive in nature because it seeks to best adapt to the changing network conditions such as the bandwidth fluctuation and packet loss. The reactive approach is helpful in keeping a stream uninterrupted and providing a graceful degradation, but offers no guarantee on quality of the streamed content and does not help solve server-side problems such as scalability. The other approach is proactive and has motivated recent development in content delivery networks. We show that a content delivery network helps improve quality and scalability of streaming, and can be complemented with a reactive approach like scalable coding.

关键词： media streaming scalable coding content delivery network

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LIFTING-BASED DESIGN OF REVERSIBLE CELLULAR AUTOMATA FOR scalable coding OF BINARY IMAGES

LIFTING-BASED DESIGN OF REVERSIBLE CELLULAR AUTOMATA FOR SCA...

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16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Cappellari, Lorenzo Calvagno, Giancarlo Univ Padua Dept Informat Engn I-35131 Padua Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781424456536

Reversible cellular automata have been proposed as non-linear filter banks for spatially scalable binary image compression. Previous design approaches led to efficient coders for simple images but do not guarantee detail preservation across scales. In this work we are concerned with the design of optimized cellular automata rules that offer better performances. The lifting principle is used for guaranteeing reversibility. We obtain a scalable coder that (i) offers the same quality of JBIG in the reduced scale images, (ii) achieves high compression ratios on simple images, (iii) provides at least the same performance of JBIG on any image content, and (iv) employs arithmetic coding with a very small number of contexts for reduced complexity.

关键词： Cellular automata scalable coding binary images lifting structures

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ON ERROR RESILIENT DESIGN OF PREDICTIVE scalable coding SYSTEMS

ON ERROR RESILIENT DESIGN OF PREDICTIVE SCALABLE CODING SYST...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： ElShafiy, Ahmed Nanjundaswamy, Tejaswi Zamani, Sina Rose, Kenneth Univ Calif Santa Barbara Dept Elect & Comp Engn Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646588

scalable coding is potentially useful in content distribution over unreliable channels, as it enables meaningful reconstruction when the hierarchical bitstream is only partially received. However, its deployment in conjunction with predictive coding may result in considerable performance degradation when errors due to packet loss propagate through the prediction loop. Despite this, most existing predictive scalable coding techniques employ components whose design completely ignores the effects of unreliable channel conditions. This paper proposes an efficient design technique for predictive scalable coding systems, which effectively accounts for: i) all available information at a given layer by optimizing its prediction parameters within an estimation-theoretic framework;ii) the uncertainty due to packet loss via estimation and minimization of end-to-end distortion. It further leverages an asymptotic closed loop design technique for the predictor and quantizer modules, which provides the stability benefits of open-loop design, while ultimately optimizing the system for closed-loop operation. Experimental results provide compelling evidence for the effectiveness of the approach, with considerable performance gains over existing design techniques, in terms of end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio.

关键词： scalable coding End-to-End Distortion Asymptotic Closed Loop design Linear Prediction

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POINT CLOUD GEOMETRY scalable coding WITH A QUALITY-CONDITIONED LATENTS PROBABILITY ESTIMATOR 31

POINT CLOUD GEOMETRY SCALABLE CODING WITH A QUALITY-CONDITIO...

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2024 International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Mari, Daniele Guarda, Andre F. R. Rodrigues, Nuno M. M. Milani, Simone Pereira, Fernando Univ Padua Padua Italy Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn Lisbon Portugal Politecn Leiria ESTG Leiria Portugal Inst Telecomunicacoes Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349405;9798350349399

The widespread usage of point clouds (PC) for immersive visual applications has resulted in the use of very heterogeneous receiving conditions and devices, notably in terms of network, hardware, and display capabilities. In this scenario, quality scalability, i.e., the ability to reconstruct a signal at different qualities by progressively decoding a single bitstream, is a major requirement that has yet to be conveniently addressed, notably in most learning-based PC coding solutions. This paper proposes a quality scalability scheme, named scalable Quality Hyperprior (SQH), adaptable to learning-based static point cloud geometry codecs, which uses a Quality-conditioned Latents Probability Estimator (QuLPE) to decode a high-quality version of a PC learning-based representation, based on an available lower quality base layer. SQH is integrated in the future JPEG PC coding standard, allowing to create a layered bitstream that can be used to progressively decode the PC geometry with increasing quality and fidelity. Experimental results show that SQH offers the quality scalability feature with very limited or no compression performance penalty at all when compared with the corresponding non-scalable solution, thus preserving the significant compression gains over other state-of-the-art PC codecs.

关键词： Point cloud coding scalable coding geometry coding deep learning JPEG PCC standard

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Differential motion vector coding for scalable coding

Differential motion vector coding for scalable coding

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Conference on Image and Video Communications and Processing

作者： Turaga, DS van der Schaar, M Pesquet-Popescu, B Philips Res USA Wireless Commun & Networking Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819448222

Motion compensated wavelet video coding provides very high coding efficiency while enabling spatio-temporal-SNR-complexity scalability. Besides the high degree of adaptabitility, the inherent data prioritization leads to increased robustness in conjunction with unequal error protection (UEP) schemes, and improved error concealment. Hence, motion compensated wavelet video coding schemes are generating great interest for wireless video streaming. Such schemes use motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) to remove temporal redundancy. Many extensions to conventional MCTF schemes, that increase the flexibility and the coding efficiency, have been proposed. However these extensions require the coding of additional sets of motion vectors. In this paper, we first define a redundancy factor to identify the additional number of motion vectors that need to be coded with such schemes. We then propose to exploit the temporal correlations between motion vectors to code and estimate them efficiently. We use prediction to reduce the bits needed to code motion vectors. We describe two prediction methods, and highlight the advantages of each scheme. We also use MV prediction during motion estimation, i.e. change the search center and the search range based on the prediction, and describe the tradeoffs to be made between rate, distortion, and complexity. We perform several experiments to illustrate the gains of using temporal prediction, and identify the content dependent nature of results.

关键词： differential motion vector coding reduced motion estimation complexity scalable coding motion compensated wavelet coding

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