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SHVC CU Processing Aided by a Feedforward Neural Network

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS 2019年第11期15卷 5803-5815页

作者： Shen, Liquan Feng, Guorui An, Ping Shanghai Univ Shanghai Inst Adv Commun & Data Sci Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Key Lab Adv Display & Syst Applicat Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Sch Commun & Informat Engn Key Lab Specialty Fiber Opt Access Networ Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Sch Commun & Informat Engn Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China

The development of multimedia and hardware technologies has led to a great number of industrial video applications, such as virtual reality, high-definition video surveillance, and remote monitoring. As complex communication environments and heterogeneous networks are common in industrial applications, industrial videos are required to support a diverse range of display resolutions and transmission channel capacities. scalable high-efficiency video coding (SHVC) standards provide the tools to meet this requirement. However, it is highly computationally expensive. coding complexity has a great impact on SHVC performance in industrial applications. Many of these applications are sensitive to time delay and have limited power. Thus, improvements are required to ensure the practical usability of SHVC encoders. In SHVC encoders, intrainterprediction of variable coding unit (CU) sizes is independently performed for the base and enhancement layers (ELs). There are many interlayer similarities that can be exploited to speed up the procedure for EL coding. In this paper, we propose a feedforward neural network aided model for CU size and mode decisions for SHVC, which utilizes base layer coding information and the coding data of spatiotemporal neighboring CUs to decide which CU sizes or prediction modes can be bypassed for certain EL CUs. Two feedforward neural network based learning models are built for CU classification, which are introduced in the procedures for CU size and mode decisions, respectively. According to the analysis from a large number of video sequences, the representative features are directly extracted from the coding information of previously coded neighboring CUs to avoid computational overheads. After the training is finished, these two models are designed and integrated to build classifiers. Then, two online classification approaches are designed for the CU size and mode decision procedures to classify each CUs type. Finally, different candidate CU siz

关键词： Feedforward neural network industrial video low-complexity coding mode decision scalable video coding

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Situation-Aware Authenticated video Broadcasting Over Train-Trackside WiFi Networks

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2019年第2期6卷 1617-1627页

作者： Wu, Yongdong Ye, Dengpan Wei, Zhuo Wang, Qian Tan, William Deng, Robert H. Jinan Univ Dept Comp Sci Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Wuhan 430072 Hubei Peoples R China Huawei Int Pte Ltd Shield Lab Singapore Singapore Mirai Elect Pte Ltd Singapore Singapore Singapore Management Univ Sch Informat Syst Singapore Singapore

Live video programs can bring in better travel experience for subway passengers and earn abundant advertisement revenue for subway operators. However, because the train-trackside channels for video dissemination are easily accessible to anyone, the video traffic are vulnerable to attacks, which may cause deadly tragedies. This paper presents a situation-aware authenticated video broadcasting scheme in the railway network, which consists of train, on-board sensor, trackside global system for mobile communications-railway (GSM-R) device, WiFi access point (AP), and train control center. Specifically, the scheme has four modules: 1) a train uses its on-board sensors to obtain its speed, location, and received signal strength indicator of train-trackside WiFi channel;2) the train reports these real-time measurements to the railway control center with the legacy GSM-R networks;3) according to the measurements, the control center or its WiFi AP adaptively customizes the protected codestream bitrate and AP-train handover time;and 4) the train renders the received codestream, which passes the authenticity verification process. As shown in the performance analysis, the present scheme ensures the codestream authenticity and provides high quality of service in the lossy subway WiFi environment.

关键词： scalable video coding situation-aware streaming authentication subway WiFi

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Towards Efficient Multi-Channel Data Broadcast for Multimedia Streams

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2019年第10期30卷 2370-2383页

作者： Gao, Xiaofeng Song, Ailun Hao, Luoyao Zou, Junni Chen, Guihai Tang, Shaojie Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shanghai Key Lab Scalable Comp & Syst Minhang 200240 Peoples R China Columbia Univ Dept Comp Sci New York NY 10027 USA Univ Texas Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA

Multi-channel data broadcast attracts increasingly focus in recent years. For the complex and large multimedia data like images, audios, and videos etc, multi-channel data broadcast is a promising approach to mitigate various limitations of data dissemination in mobile environment, such as narrow bandwidth, unreliable connections, and battery limitation. However, existing data broadcast schemes are inefficient for employing multiple channels. In this paper, we present five novel multimedia data broadcast schemes (SDAA, ISDAA, LDAA, AEA, and COA) specifically designed for wireless multichannel communications. The key idea behind those schemes is to utilize SVC (scalable video coding) to generate data segments with different qualities and implement indexing and channel assignment to minimize the expected waiting time for clients. In terms of waiting time minimization, we prove theoretically that SDAA is a 4/3-approximation algorithm and ISDAA is a 6/5 -approximation algorithm for global allocation, and AEA can achieve locally optimal solution. We show that integrating SDAA and AEA form a best schedule for practical applications. We provide numerical experiments by using a SVC dataset and a YouTube dataset to evaluate the system performance and prove the efficiency of our schemes. We also propose a multiple video broadcast framework and analyze its performance.

关键词： Multimedia data broadcast data scheduling scalable video coding

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Analysis and Optimization of Caching and Multicasting for Multi-Quality videos in Large-Scale Wireless Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2019年第7期67卷 4913-4927页

作者： Jiang, Dongdong Cui, Ying Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

Efficient dissemination of videos is an important problem for mobile telecom carriers. In this paper, to facilitate massive video dissemination, we study joint caching and multi-casting for multi-quality videos encoded using two video encoding techniques, namely, scalable video coding (SVC) and HEVC or H.264 as in dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) respectively, in a large-scale wireless network. First, for each type of video, we propose a random caching and multicasting scheme, carefully reflecting the relationship between layers of an SVC-based video or descriptions of a DASH-based video. Then, for each type of video, we derive tractable expressions for the successful transmission probability in the general and high user density regions, respectively, utilizing tools from stochastic geometry. The analytical results reveal that in the high user density region, the marginal increase of the successful transmission probability with respect to the caching probability of a video with a certain quality reduces when the caching probability increases. Next, for each type of video, we consider the maximization of the successful transmission probability in the high user density region, which is a convex problem with an exceedingly large number of optimization variables. We propose a two-stage optimization method to obtain a low-complexity near-optimal solution by solving a relaxed convex problem and a related packing problem. The optimization results reveal the impact of the caching gain of a layer for an SVC-based video or a description for a DASH-based video on its caching probability. Finally, we show that the proposed solutions for SVC-based and DASH-based videos achieve significant performance gains over baseline schemes in the general and high user density regions, and demonstrate their respective operating regions, using numerical results based on real video sequences.

关键词： Cache multicast multi-quality video scalable video coding dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP stochastic geometry optimization

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Efficient SVC Multicast Streaming for video Conferencing With SDN Control

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORK AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2019年第2期16卷 403-416页

作者： Shen, Shan-Hsiang Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Comp Sci & Informat Engn Dept Taipei 106 Taiwan

video conferencing consumes a substantial portion of network bandwidth and have strong latency requirements. In traffic engineering, software-defined networking (SDN) optimizes video conferencing performance through flexible controls. SDN switches process packets by leveraging ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM), which is a high-speed hardware-based packet forwarding element. However, TCAM is not cost-effective and limited in space, especially in SDN, as it requires more TCAM space to match more packet fields. Previous studies rely on SDN to handle SVC video streaming;however, none considers TCAM space in SDN switches. In this paper, we propose a novel SVC multicast streaming scheme named adaptive SDN-based SVC multicast (ASCast). Each video layer forms a multicast tree, and we formulate a linear programming problem for the tree construction. To address the problem, we design static and dynamic heuristic algorithms to build multicast trees and maximize overall video quality with limited TCAM space. Moreover, to reduce TCAM space consumption, we carefully consider multicast integer programming address assignment for video layers and forwarding rule installation. Based on our evaluation, ASCast provides a 35% higher video data rate and installs 66% fewer forwarding rules into switches than other SVC video multicast schemes.

关键词： Software-defined networking multimedia service multicast scalable video coding

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Content-Based Adaptive SHVC Mode Decision Algorithm

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2019年第11期21卷 2714-2725页

作者： Shen, Liquan Feng, Guorui Shanghai Univ Shanghai Inst Adv Commun & Data Sci Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Key Lab Adv Display & Syst Applicat Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Key Lab Specialty Fiber Opt & Opt Access Networks Sch Commun & Informat Engn Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China

The scalable video coding extensions of the High Efficient video coding (HEVC) standard (SHVC) have adopted a new quadtree-structured coding unit (CU). The SHVC test model (SHM) needs to test seven intermode sizes and one intramode size at depth levels of "0," "1," "2," and four intermode sizes and two intramode sizes at a depth level of "3" for interframe CUs. It checks all possible depth levels and prediction modes to find the one with the lowest rate distortion cost using the Lagrange multiplier method in the mode decision procedure to achieve high coding efficiency at the expense of computational complexity. Furthermore, it utilizes the conventional approach for the base layer (BL) and enhancement layer (EL) coding to support SNRspatial scalable coding. Both the intralayer and interlayer predictions should be performed for each EL CU. Although there is a large amount of interlayer redundancy that can be exploited to speed up the EL encoding, the mode decision procedure is independently performed for the BL and the ELs. In this paper, we propose a content-adaptive mode decision algorithm to reduce the SHVC complexity at the ELs. When the major characteristics of the CUs, such as mode complexity and motion activity, can be estimated early and used for adjusting the mode decision procedure, unnecessary mode and CU size searches can be avoided. First, an experimental analysis is performed to study the interlayer and spatiotemporal correlations in the coding information and the interlevel correlations among the quadtree structures. Based on these correlations, three parameters, including the conditional probability of a SKIPMerge mode, motion activity, and mode complexity, are defined to describe the video content and are further utilized to adaptively adjust the EL mode decision procedure. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the coding time for ELs by 62-67 with less than a 1.5 Bjontegaard rate increase compared to the original SHVC

关键词： Encoding Complexity theory Correlation video coding Copper Standards Prediction algorithms SHVC scalable video coding mode decision interlayer correlation

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Efficient HTTP-based streaming using scalable video coding

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2012年第4期27卷 329-342页

作者： Sanchez, Y. Schierl, T. Hellge, C. Wiegand, T. Hong, D. De Vleeschauwer, D. Van Leekwijck, W. Le Louedec, Y. [a] Fraunhofer HHI Germany [b] N2N Soft France [c] Bell Labs Alcatel-Lucent Belgium [d] Orange-FT France

HTTP-based video streaming has been gaining popularity within the recent years. There are multiple benefits of relying on HTTP/TCP connections, such as the usage of the widely deployed network caches to relieve video servers from sending the same content to a high number of users and the avoidance of traversal issues with firewalls and NATs typical for RTP/UDP-based solutions. Therefore, many service providers resort to adopt HTTP streaming as the basis for their services. In this paper, the benefits of using the scalable video coding (SVC) for a HTTP streaming service are shown, and the SVC based approach is compared to the AVC based approach. We show that network resources are more efficiently used and how the benefits of the traditional techniques can even be heightened by adopting the scalable video coding (SVC) as the video codec for adaptive low delay streaming over HTTP. For the latter small playout-buffers are considered hence allowing low media access latency in the delivery chain and it is shown that adaptation is more effectively performed with the SVC based approach. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： HTTP streaming Live scalable video coding Adaptation Caching

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scalable video coding impact on networks

Scalable video coding impact on networks

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6th International ICST Conference on Mobile Multimedia Communications, MOBIMEDIA 2010

作者： Ransburg, Michael Graciá, Eduardo Martínez Sutinen, Tiia Murillo, Jordi Ortíz Sablatschan, Michael Hellwagner, Hermann Klagenfurt University Klagenfurt Austria Intelligent Systems Group Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Murcia Murcia Spain VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Espoo Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9783642351549

This paper describes the CELTIC project on "scalable video coding Impact on Networks" with the focus of designing a streaming system based on the scalable video coding extension of the H.264/AVC standard. The system is designed to cope with streaming scenarios that can be classified in four use cases: session handover, network congestion, receiver heterogeneity and user driven adaptation. A complete overview of the architecture of the system is given. Two demonstration scenarios are described in detail, which point out the advantages of scalable video coding compared to single layer approaches in multimedia transmission and adaptation scenarios. A concluding section summarizes the work and provides an outlook to future work items. © 2012 ICST Institute for Computer Science, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

关键词： scalable video coding

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Quality analysis of scalable video coding on unstable transmissions

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第3期61卷 571-597页

作者： Daronco, Leonardo Crauss Roesler, Valter de Lima, Jose Valdeni Balbinot, Ricardo Fed Univ Rio Grande Sul UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil Vivo Networks Sao Paulo Brazil

This paper presents a study of quality on scalable video sequences coded using the scalable extension of the H.264 standard (SVC). A group of experiments was performed to measure, primarily, the effects that transmission instability has in the quality of the videos and the relationship among three scalability methods (spatial, temporal and quality) in terms of quality. A set of experiments was performed to measure the subjective quality using the ACR-HRR methodology and recommendations from ITU-R Rec. BT.500 and ITU-T Rec. P.910. The results show that the amount of instability is not as important as just the presence of instability, that video quality can be deteriorated due to instability and that temporal scalability usually produces videos with worse quality than spatial and quality scalabilities.

关键词： scalable video coding Subjective video assessment video quality Layered multicast H.264 SVC

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scalable video coding using symmetric residue pyramid and rate-distortion optimization

Scalable video coding using symmetric residue pyramid and ra...

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2012 9th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, SPCOM 2012

作者： Sharma, Nitin K. Nema, Malay K. Rakshit, Subrata Centre for AI and Robotics Bangalore 560093 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467320122

videos are often required to be transmitted over different media. Scalability is an important aspect of video transmission. In case of challenged network, graceful reconstruction from a truncated bitstream becomes an issue. In order to leverage capabilities of standard video codecs, we suggest our scalable coding through a wrapper on top of any Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) codecs. A single video is encoded as a set of smaller subvideos. The wrapper performs splitting and composingof subvideos. A Rate-Distortion (RD) analysis has been done to allocate optimal rates to individual subvideos. This optimal allocation minimizes overall distortion. In this paper, a hybrid scalable format which uses Symmetric Residue Pyramid for reconstruction is proposed. Superior PSNR values and visual quality have been achieved in comparison to the techniques involving other up-sampling methods. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： scalable video coding

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