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WuKong: a practical video streaming service based on native BitTorrent and scalable video coding

MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第1期60卷 47-68页

作者： Liu, Pin-Chuan Leu, Jenq-Shiou Lee, Tsung-Chieh Chen, Tien-Ho Yee, Yun-Sun Shih, Wei-Kuan Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Comp Sci Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Ind Technol Res Inst Hsinchu 310 Taiwan

Many researches on peer-to-peer video streaming have focused on dealing with highly dynamic, high-churn P2P environment. Most of P2P streaming protocols were modified from a P2P file sharing protocol. Inspired by the high performance on peer-to-peer file sharing of BitTorrent, we propose an overlaying streaming mechanism on the native BitTorrent protocol and realize a practical P2P video streaming service, called WuKong. WuKong not only takes advantages of BitTorrent but also combines the video scalability of layered video coding. In this paper, we depict an overlaid streaming mechanism in WuKong and an adaptive layer-downloading process to balance between the video quality and bandwidth utilization on heterogeneous peers. WuKong is carried out by using an open-sourced library of the BitTorrent protocol, coding schemes of the Windows Media video (WMV), and the scalable video coding (SVC). We measured and compared the service quality of end-users served by WuKong on heterogeneous peers. In addition, we evaluated the effectiveness of WuKong with peers that are randomly joining and leaving the P2P network. The results show that WuKong not only provides high quality P2P video streaming services but also supports different scaling abilities over heterogeneous devices.

关键词： P2P video streaming BitTorrent scalable video coding Heterogeneous devices

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Mode decision acceleration for scalable video coding through coded block pattern

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2012年第8期23卷 1167-1178页

作者： Yeh, Chia-Hung Tseng, Wen-Yu Chou, Bo-Yi Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ Dept Elect Engn Kaohsiung 804 Taiwan

This paper presents a fast mode decision to accelerate the encoding process of scalable video coding (SVC) through coded block pattern (CBP) analysis. CBP contains residual information of each macroblock (MB) and provide cues for mode prediction in encoding process. The proposed algorithm makes use of the existing mode information in base layer (BL), enhancement layer (EL) and CBP to remove invalid modes for the mode prediction of the current MB in EL coding. Also, the EL's modes in the highest temporal level of a group of picture are determined by high correlation exists in adjacent frames. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm saves an average of 68% of EL motion estimation time with minor degradation in PSNR and with few bitrate increase of SVC quality and spatial scalabilities when compared to JSVM 9.19.14. Our algorithm outperforms the best-known method by 17% EL motion estimation time saving in average. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： scalable video coding Fast mode decision Coded block pattern Coarse-gain Inter-layer prediction Highest temporal level analysis Quality scalability Spatial scalability

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Recent Advances on scalable video coding

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2012年第8期E95A卷 1230-1239页

作者： Hayase, Kazuya Fujii, Hiroshi Bandoh, Yukihiro Jozawa, Hirohisa NTT Corp NTT Cyber Space Labs Yokosuka Kanagawa 2390847 Japan

scalable video coding offers efficient video transmission to a variety of display devices over heterogeneous and error-prone networks. scalable video coding has been strenuously researched in recent years and state-of-the-art international coding with scalability has been standardized as SVC, which is an extension of H.264/AVC. This paper summarizes the recent advanced research that has been done for improving the quality and reducing the complexity of scalable video coding (including SVC), as well as for improving the quality assessment techniques. It is intended to give researchers a critical, technical overview of what is required to develop more efficient scalable video coding in the future.

关键词： scalable video coding H.264/AVC SVC

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scalable Distributed video coding Using Compressed Sensing in Wavelet Domain

Scalable Distributed Video Coding Using Compressed Sensing i...

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IEEE 78th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall)

作者： Fan Nianfei Zhu Xuqi Liu Yu Zhang Lin Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Minist Educ Key Lab Univ Wireless Commun Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467361873

scalable video coding technologies provide adaptive video applications in heterogeneous and polytropical conditions. However, the highly hierarchical feature makes the loss or unsuccessful recovery of the base-layer to be catastrophic. In this paper, a distributed scalable video coding scheme using the new advances of compressed sensing is proposed to solve this problem at the energy-constrained encoder. The wavelet coefficients of the video frames have inherent fidelity scalability which is utilized in our scheme. Furthermore, the democracy of measurements reduces the risk of base-layer loss over the packet loss channel. Experimental results show that our scheme outperforms the existing scalable compressed sensing scheme by about 2dB.

关键词： compressed sensing distributed video coding scalable video coding wavelet transform

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An enhanced fast mode decision model for spatial enhancement layers in scalable video coding

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第1期58卷 215-237页

作者： Van Leuven, Sebastiaan Van Wallendael, Glenn De Wolf, Koen De Cock, Jan Lambert, Peter Van de Walle, Rik Ghent Univ IBBT Dept Elect & Informat Syst Multimedia Lab B-9050 Ghent Belgium

Recently, the H.264/AVC standard has been extended to incorporate scalable video coding (SVC). SVC offers the advantage of scalable (layered) coding, but has the disadvantage of a highly increased computational complexity at the encoder side when dealing with spatial scalability. To restrict the increase in required processing power, fast mode decision models for spatial enhancement layers have been proposed in literature. We propose a novel generic fast mode decision model for spatial enhancement layers for both P and B frames based on both the quantization of the enhancement layer and the correlation between the macroblock type in the enhancement layer and the co-located macroblock in the reference layer. In this paper, an evaluation of the proposed model and comparison with a state-of-the-art model is given. Results show that the proposed technique performs exceptionally well for spatial scalability. For both dyadic and non-dyadic spatial scalability, we achieve an average time saving of 75%, while only a slight bit rate increase of 2.23% and a minor PSNR decrease of 0.46 dB are measured. Compared with state of the art techniques, we further halve the complexity while having comparable rate-distortion results.

关键词： H.264 scalable video coding Fast mode decision Spatial scalability Macroblock type analysis

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Selective Frame Prefetching for Reducing Disk Energy Consumption in scalable video coding (SVC) Media Players

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2012年第2期58卷 428-434页

作者： Lee, Seungsoon Song, Minseok Inha Univ Sch Comp & Informat Engn Inchon South Korea Inha Univ Sch Comp Sci & Informat Engn Inchon South Korea

We propose a new disk power management scheme for scalable video coding (SVC) video playback. Conventional disk power management techniques for video players usually prefetch video frames into buffer to allow disk to enter low-power mode, which may require significant buffer space. To address this, we exploit temporal scalability property in which multiple frame rates for the same video stream are provided, and allow selective frame prefetching with the aim of achieving specified quality levels while reducing disk energy consumption. Simulation results show that the disk energy consumption can be reduced by 8.4% on average without any noticeable quality degradation by users.

关键词： Portable Media Player Disk Power Management scalable video coding Temporal Scalability

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Online Optimization for Adaptive scalable video Transmission in SDN using Kernel-based ADP 13

Online Optimization for Adaptive Scalable Video Transmission...

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13th IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS)

作者： Chen, Xiang Chen, Shuangwu Ullah, Amin Yu, Chaojie Yang, Jian Univ Sci & Technol China Dept Automat Hefei 230027 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728121949

video streaming traffic over Internet has rapidly risen to be the main killer of network bandwidth. In order to accommodate the time-varying network conditions, scalable video coding (SVC) provides a flexible way to transmit a video in different qualities and bit rates. Limited by current best-efforts Internet, video bitrate adaptivity can only conducted on the end side. Recently, the emerging software-defined networking (SDN) technology makes it possible to view the in-network states and control data forwarding. This motivates us to consider the SVC layer selection and multipath routing (video layers go along different path) jointly. The optimization problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) problem. To solve the issue of dimensionality disaster which is common in traditional MDP problem when the state space or action space is large, a kernel based feature extraction is used to transform state-action space to feature space with lower dimensionality. Based on the network features, we construct an approximate value function of long term reward via approximate dynamic programming (ADP) method. Then the optimal policy is derived directly by maximizing the value function. The experiment results show the proposed algorithm achieves a better video quality while keeping a higher convergence speed.

关键词： scalable video coding Software defined networking Markov decision process Approximate dynamic programming

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A Frame Loss Concealment Solution for Spatial scalable HEVC using Base Layer Motion

A Frame Loss Concealment Solution for Spatial Scalable HEVC ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)

作者： Thuc Nguyen Huu Thuong Nguyen Canh HoangVan, Xiem Jeon, Byeungwoo Sungkyunkwan Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Seoul South Korea Vietnam Natl Univ Univ Engn & Technol Hanoi Vietnam

ISBN: (纸本)9781728121505

scalable High Efficiency video coding (SHVC) is the most recent video coding solution designed mainly for network adaptive or device adaptive applications. It follows a layered coding structure with one base layer (BL) and one or several enhancement layers (ELs) which can be unequally protected. SHVC is often sensitive to packet loss in unreliable networks, especially in case of ELs. In this paper, we propose a novel error concealment method for the SHVC EL under an assumption that the BL is well protected. First, we recover the partitioning and resample motion data from collocated BL frame. Following, we remove outliers of motion field by a motion vector refinement algorithm. Lastly, we conceal loss frame by using motion compensation and deblocking filtering. Experiments conducted with a rich set of test sequences using the spatial-scalable SHVC have shown that our proposed method significantly outperforms the existing error concealment methods, e.g., BL Reconstruction Up-sampling (RU) and BL-SKIP in both subjective and objective quality assessments.

关键词： frame loss error concealment scalable video coding spatial SHVC unequal protection

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Energy Efficient for scalable video Caching Service over Device-to-Device Communication 15

Energy Efficient for Scalable Video Caching Service over Dev...

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15th IEEE International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IEEE IWCMC)

作者： Xiao, Han Xu, Changqiao Cao, Tengfei Yang, Shujie Zhong, Lujie Muntean, Gabriel-Miro Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Networking & Switching Technol Beijing 100876 Peoples R China Capital Normal Univ Informat Engn Coll Beijing 100089 Peoples R China Dublin City Univ Sch Elect Engn Dublin 9 Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781538677476

Due to its advantages in service flexibility, scalable video coding (SVC) has been widely used in Device-to-Device (D2D) network communication, which is an effective network technology in the fifth generation (5G) communication network. However, duo to the limited capacity of mobile device, the uninterrupted transmission communication is difficult to be maintained, which needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce the maximum offloading traffic and energy cost ratio to estimate service performance and propose a heuristic algorithm based on the greedy strategy to maximize the offloading traffic because of the NP-hardness of the cache placement problem for SVC. Then, we improve the energy efficiency over D2D link by optimizing the transmission power. Finally, a series of detailed simulation experiments are conducted to analyze the relationship between offloading traffic and energy cost, which demonstrates that a tradeoff exists between the significant amount of traffic and approving energy efficiency.

关键词： Multimedia Service scalable video coding Device-to-Device Energy Efficient

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Delay Constrainted-Rate Allocation for SVC over Device-to-Device Networks 15

Delay Constrainted-Rate Allocation for SVC over Device-to-De...

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15th IEEE International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IEEE IWCMC)

作者： Wang, Lei Lin, Huangda Chen, Mingkai Kang, Bin Zhang, Xuguang Zhuang, Wenqin Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Natl Engn Res Ctr Commun & Network Technol Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538677476

Device-to-Device (D2D) multicast content sharing is becoming a promising technology to alleviate video traffic overload and can improve the quality of local area services. Whereas existing studies mainly focus on the delay or throughput performance. However, for delay sensitive real-time video traffic, throughput as an indicator of the network-layer cannot properly indicate the benefits of upper-layer applications. Thus, in this paper we propose a video multicast scheme for D2D cooperative scalable video coding (SVC) streaming distribution to cope with the difference between multicast channels firstly. Then, we have provided analytical expressions of the goodput in heterogeneous multicast networks based on D2D collaboration, and a distributed heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve this NP-hard optimization problem. Our results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce end-to-end delay, effective loss rate and improve the goodput in the system.

关键词： Device-to-Device communication scalable video coding video multicast rate allocation goodput

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