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18th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)

作者： Grafl, Michael Timmerer, Christian Hellwagner, Hermann Negru, Daniel Cherif, Wael Battista, Stefano AAU Klagenfurt Austria Univ Bordeaux CNRS LaBRI Lab Bordeaux France Viotech Commun Versailles France bSoft Ltd Macerata Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479937554

Scalability within media coding allows for content adaptation towards heterogeneous user contexts and enables in-network adaptation. However, there is no straightforward solution how to encode the content in a scalable way while maximizing rate-distortion performance. In this paper we provide encoding guidelines for scalable video coding based on a survey of media streaming industry solutions and a comprehensive performance evaluation using four state of the art scalable video codecs with a focus on high-definition content (1080p).

关键词： scalable video coding adaptation high-definition video encoding adaptive media streaming content-aware networking

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Efficient HTTP-based streaming using scalable video coding

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2012年第4期27卷 329-342页

作者： Sanchez, Y. Schierl, T. Hellge, C. Wiegand, T. Hong, D. De Vleeschauwer, D. Van Leekwijck, W. Le Louedec, Y. [a] Fraunhofer HHI Germany [b] N2N Soft France [c] Bell Labs Alcatel-Lucent Belgium [d] Orange-FT France

HTTP-based video streaming has been gaining popularity within the recent years. There are multiple benefits of relying on HTTP/TCP connections, such as the usage of the widely deployed network caches to relieve video servers from sending the same content to a high number of users and the avoidance of traversal issues with firewalls and NATs typical for RTP/UDP-based solutions. Therefore, many service providers resort to adopt HTTP streaming as the basis for their services. In this paper, the benefits of using the scalable video coding (SVC) for a HTTP streaming service are shown, and the SVC based approach is compared to the AVC based approach. We show that network resources are more efficiently used and how the benefits of the traditional techniques can even be heightened by adopting the scalable video coding (SVC) as the video codec for adaptive low delay streaming over HTTP. For the latter small playout-buffers are considered hence allowing low media access latency in the delivery chain and it is shown that adaptation is more effectively performed with the SVC based approach. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： HTTP streaming Live scalable video coding Adaptation Caching

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scalable video coding impact on networks

Scalable video coding impact on networks

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6th International ICST Conference on Mobile Multimedia Communications, MOBIMEDIA 2010

作者： Ransburg, Michael Graciá, Eduardo Martínez Sutinen, Tiia Murillo, Jordi Ortíz Sablatschan, Michael Hellwagner, Hermann Klagenfurt University Klagenfurt Austria Intelligent Systems Group Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Murcia Murcia Spain VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Espoo Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9783642351549

This paper describes the CELTIC project on "scalable video coding Impact on Networks" with the focus of designing a streaming system based on the scalable video coding extension of the H.264/AVC standard. The system is designed to cope with streaming scenarios that can be classified in four use cases: session handover, network congestion, receiver heterogeneity and user driven adaptation. A complete overview of the architecture of the system is given. Two demonstration scenarios are described in detail, which point out the advantages of scalable video coding compared to single layer approaches in multimedia transmission and adaptation scenarios. A concluding section summarizes the work and provides an outlook to future work items. © 2012 ICST Institute for Computer Science, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

关键词： scalable video coding

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Packet loss resilience of MPEG-2 scalable video coding algorithms

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 1996年第5期6卷 426-435页

作者： Aravind, R Civanlar, MR Reibman, AR AT&T BELL LABS RES VISUAL COMMUN RES DEPT HOLMDEL NJ 07733 USA

Transmission of compressed video over packet networks with nonreliable transport benefits when packet loss resilience is incorporated into the video coding, One promising approach to packet loss resilience, particularly for transmission over networks offering dual priorities such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, is based on layered coding which uses at least two bitstreams to encode video, The base-layer bitstream, which can be decoded independently to produce a lower quality picture, is transmitted over a high priority channel, The enhancement-layer bitstream(s) contain less important information, so that packet losses are more easily tolerated, The MPEG-2 International Standard provides four methods to produce a layered video bitstream: data partitioning, signal-to-noise ratio scalability, spatial scalability, and temporal scalability, Each of these techniques was included in the standard in part for motivations other than loss resilience, This paper compares the performance of these techniques (excluding temporal scalability) under various loss rates using realistic length video material and discusses their relative merits taking implementation issues into consideration. Nonlayered MPEG-2 coding gives generally unacceptable video quality for packet loss ratios of 10(-3) for small (single ATM cell) packet sizes, Better performance can be obtained using layered coding and dual-priority transmission, With data partitioning, the simplest to implement among the three, cell loss ratios of 10(-4) in the low-priority layer are definitely acceptable, while for SNR scalable encoding, cell loss ratios of 10(-3) are generally invisible, even to experienced viewers, Spatial scalable encoding can provide even better visual quality under packet losses;however, it has a high implementation complexity.

关键词： Packet loss LOSS RATIO Packet switched networks hierarchical coding Scalability scalable video coding Data partitioning video compression Resilience bit stream

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Cooperative Caching for scalable video coding Using Value-Decomposed Dimensional Networks

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China Communications 2022年第9期19卷 146-161页

作者： Youjia Chen Yuekai Cai Haifeng Zheng Jinsong Hu Jun Li Fujian Key Lab for Intelligent Processing and Wireless Transmission of Media Information College of Physics and Information EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350000China School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210000China

scalable video coding(SVC)has been widely used in video-on-demand(VOD)service,to efficiently satisfy users’different video quality requirements and dynamically adjust video stream to timevariant wireless *** the 5G network structure,we consider a cooperative caching scheme inside each cluster with SVC to economically utilize the limited caching storage.A novel multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL)framework is proposed to jointly optimize the video access delay and users’satisfaction,where an aggregation node is introduced helping individual agents to achieve global observations and overall system ***,to cope with the large action space caused by the large number of videos and users,a dimension decomposition method is embedded into the neural network in each agent,which greatly reduce the computational complexity and memory cost of the reinforcement *** results show that:1)the proposed value-decomposed dimensional network(VDDN)algorithm achieves an obvious performance gain versus the traditional MADRL;2)the proposed VDDN algorithm can handle an extremely large action space and quickly converge with a low computational complexity.

关键词： cooperative caching multi-agent deep reinforcement learning scalable video coding value-decomposition network

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Low-Overhead Content-Adaptive Spatial Scalability for scalable video coding

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2013年第6期7卷 1084-1095页

作者： Lin, Chia-Wen Tsai, Chia-Ming Chen, Po-Chun Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua Univ Inst Commun Engn Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Chiayi 60046 Taiwan Faraday Technol Corp Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan

To support spatial scalability, the scalable extension of H.264/AVC (SVC) uses video cropping or uniform scaling to downscale the original higher-resolution (HR) sequence to a lower resolution (LR) sequence. Both operations, however, will cause critical visual information loss in the resized frames. To address the problem, we propose a low-overhead content-adaptive spatial scalability SVC (CASS-SVC) coder consisting of three main modules: a mosaic-guided video retargeter, a side-information coder, and a non-homogeneous inter-layer predictive coder. The proposed video retargeting scheme first constructs a panoramic mosaic for each video shot to obtain a compact shot-level global scaling map which is then used to derive the scaling maps of individual frames in the shot. The side information required for the non-homogeneous scaling, including the global scaling maps and the spatial corresponding positions of individual frames to the panoramic mosaic, are then efficiently coded by the side-information coder. The non-homogeneous interlayer prediction coding tools are used to provide good predictions to reduce the bitrates for coding the HR frames. Our simulation results demonstrate that, compared to existing CASS-SVC coders, our method cannot only well preserve subjective quality of important content in the LR sequence, but also significantly improves the coding efficiency of HR sequence.

关键词： Inter-layer prediction scalable video coding spatial scalability video adaptation video retargeting

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Quality analysis of scalable video coding on unstable transmissions

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第3期61卷 571-597页

作者： Daronco, Leonardo Crauss Roesler, Valter de Lima, Jose Valdeni Balbinot, Ricardo Fed Univ Rio Grande Sul UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil Vivo Networks Sao Paulo Brazil

This paper presents a study of quality on scalable video sequences coded using the scalable extension of the H.264 standard (SVC). A group of experiments was performed to measure, primarily, the effects that transmission instability has in the quality of the videos and the relationship among three scalability methods (spatial, temporal and quality) in terms of quality. A set of experiments was performed to measure the subjective quality using the ACR-HRR methodology and recommendations from ITU-R Rec. BT.500 and ITU-T Rec. P.910. The results show that the amount of instability is not as important as just the presence of instability, that video quality can be deteriorated due to instability and that temporal scalability usually produces videos with worse quality than spatial and quality scalabilities.

关键词： scalable video coding Subjective video assessment video quality Layered multicast H.264 SVC

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scalable video coding based on three-dimensional discrete pseudo cosine transform

Scalable video coding based on three-dimensional discrete ps...

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10th International Conference on Next Generation Teletraffic and Wired/Wireless Advanced Networking, NEW2AN 2010 and 3rd Conference on Smart Spaces (Are You Smart), ruSMART 2010

作者： Belyaev, Eugeniy Sukhov, Timofey Kai, Liu Saint-Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation Russian Academy of Sciences 14 line 39 199178 St. Petersburg Russia Baltic State Technical University Voenmeh D.F.Ustinov 1 Krasnoarmeiskaya street 1 190005 St. Petersburg Russia School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University MailBox 161 NO.2 Taibai South Road 710071 Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)3642148905

This paper proposes a new spatial scalable and low-complexity video compression algorithm based on multiplication free three-dimensional discrete pseudo-cosine transform (3-D DPCT). Practical results which show the compression efficiency of the proposed algorithm in comparison with H.264/SVC standard are presented. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： scalable video coding

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scalable video coding using symmetric residue pyramid and rate-distortion optimization

Scalable video coding using symmetric residue pyramid and ra...

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2012 9th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, SPCOM 2012

作者： Sharma, Nitin K. Nema, Malay K. Rakshit, Subrata Centre for AI and Robotics Bangalore 560093 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467320122

videos are often required to be transmitted over different media. Scalability is an important aspect of video transmission. In case of challenged network, graceful reconstruction from a truncated bitstream becomes an issue. In order to leverage capabilities of standard video codecs, we suggest our scalable coding through a wrapper on top of any Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) codecs. A single video is encoded as a set of smaller subvideos. The wrapper performs splitting and composingof subvideos. A Rate-Distortion (RD) analysis has been done to allocate optimal rates to individual subvideos. This optimal allocation minimizes overall distortion. In this paper, a hybrid scalable format which uses Symmetric Residue Pyramid for reconstruction is proposed. Superior PSNR values and visual quality have been achieved in comparison to the techniques involving other up-sampling methods. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： scalable video coding

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scalable video coding for failure-free video transmission

Scalable video coding for failure-free video transmission

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International Conference on Information Technology: coding and Computing, ITCC 2001

作者： Tai, Pol Lin Liu, Chii Tung Wang, Jia Shung Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30043 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

The authors propose a scalable video coding algorithm for low bit rate failure-free video transmission. In the failure-free video transmission, two channels are utilized to transmit the same video source. In the receiver, the video can be reconstructed by any single encoded bitstream. While receiving two encoded bitstreams, the image quality can be improved by combining two bitstreams. We develop a motion vector refinement technique to improve the image quality. In the encoder, the positions of the macroblocks for channel two are shifted by eight pixels from channel one. In the receiver, the motion vectors transmitted in each channel can be refined to more accurate motion vectors with smaller block size when two channels are received. The final decoded image is merged from the two reconstructed images by the two channels. Experimental results show our proposed method has high efficiency and high reliability. © 2001 IEEE.

关键词： scalable video coding

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