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Capacity aware scalable video coding in P2P on Demand Streaming Systems

KSII TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2013年第9期7卷 2268-2283页

作者： Xing, Changyou Chen, Ming Hu, Chao PLA Univ Sci & Technol Coll Command Informat Syst Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

scalable video coding can handle peer heterogeneity of P2P streaming applications, but there is still a lack of comprehensive studies on how to use it to improve video playback quality. In this paper we propose a capacity aware scalable video coding mechanism for P2P on demand streaming system. The proposed mechanism includes capacity based neighbor selection, adaptive data scheduling and streaming layer adjustment, and can enable each peer to select appropriate streaming layers and acquire streaming chunks with proper sequence, along with choosing specific peers to provide them. Simulation results show that the presented mechanism can decrease the system's startup and playback delay, and increase the video playback quality as well as playback continuity, and thus it provides a better quality of experience for users.

关键词： P2P streaming scalable video coding data scheduling neighbor selection

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Layer-weighted unequal error protection for scalable video coding extension of H.264/AVC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2008年第2期54卷 736-744页

作者： Ha, Hojin Yim, Changhoon Samsung Elect Digital Media R&D Ctr Suwon South Korea Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea Konkuk Univ Dept Internet & Multimedia Engn Seoul South Korea

The scalable video coding extension of H.264/AVC is a current standardization project. This paper deals with unequal error protection (UEP) scheme for scalable video bitstream over packet-lossy networks using forward error correction (FEC). The proposed UEP scheme is developed by exploiting jointly the unequal importance existing both in temporal layers and quality layers of hierarchial scalable video bitstream. For efficient assignment of FEC codes, the proposed UEP scheme uses a simple and efficient performance metric, namely layer-weighted expected zone of error propagation (LW-EZEP). The LW-EZEP is adopted for quantifying the error propagation effect on video quality degradation from packet loss in temporal layers and in quality layers. Compared to other UEP schemes, the proposed UEP scheme demonstrates strong robustness and adaptation for variable channel status.

关键词： forward error correction unequal error protection scalable video coding extension of H.264/AVC

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Fast Mode Decision Algorithm for Inter-Layer coding in scalable video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2009年第3期55卷 1572-1580页

作者： Kim, Seon-Tae Konda, Krishna Reddy Park, Chun-Su Cho, Chang-Sik Ko, Sung-Jea ETRI SW Contents Res Lab Taejon 305700 South Korea Korea Univ Dept Elect Engn Seoul 136713 South Korea

scalable video coding (SVC) is currently developed as an extension of H.264/AVC In the SVC encoder, an exhaustive search technique is employed to select the best coding mode for each macro block (MB). This technique achieves an optimal trade-off between rate and distortion, but it requires an extremely large encoding time. In this paper, we propose a fast mode decision algorithm for inter-layer coding at the enhancement layer. The proposed algorithm predicts the mode of each MB at the enhancement layer using the modes of a co-located MB and its neighboring MBs at the base layer. The proposed method can achieve a time saving of up to 74% in spatial scalability and 63% in coarse grain quality scalability with negligible loss of quality and bit rate increment

关键词： Coarse grain quality scalability combined scalability fast mode decision inter-layer coding scalable video coding spatial scalability temporal scalability

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Recent Advances on scalable video coding

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2012年第8期E95A卷 1230-1239页

作者： Hayase, Kazuya Fujii, Hiroshi Bandoh, Yukihiro Jozawa, Hirohisa NTT Corp NTT Cyber Space Labs Yokosuka Kanagawa 2390847 Japan

scalable video coding offers efficient video transmission to a variety of display devices over heterogeneous and error-prone networks. scalable video coding has been strenuously researched in recent years and state-of-the-art international coding with scalability has been standardized as SVC, which is an extension of H.264/AVC. This paper summarizes the recent advanced research that has been done for improving the quality and reducing the complexity of scalable video coding (including SVC), as well as for improving the quality assessment techniques. It is intended to give researchers a critical, technical overview of what is required to develop more efficient scalable video coding in the future.

关键词： scalable video coding H.264/AVC SVC

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video transcoding to support playback at a random location for scalable video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2007年第1期53卷 227-234页

作者： Park, Chun-Su Wang, Tae-Shick Kim, Jun-Hyung Hwang, Min-Cheol Ko, Sung-Jea Korea Univ Dept Elect Engn Seoul 136701 South Korea

In many applications including Internet video broadcast and interactive TV, video streams are transmitted over various networks. In order to fulfill the requirement of the users who want to watch a part of the video stream, start playback at a random location, and jump to another location, the service provider has to implement the random access functionality. In addition, when the video stream is transmitted over error-prone networks like wireless LAN, the random access point can be used as a recovery point which enables the user device to refresh the decoding process corrupted by the transmission error. In this paper, we propose a simple transcoding algorithm inserting the random access point in the pre-encoded video stream. The multimedia server adopting the proposed transcoding algorithm can support the error-resilient transmission as well as the playback at random location. Experimental results show that the proposed method can gain significant reduction in the complexity without introducing degradation on visual quality.

关键词： scalable video coding transcoding streaming services and instantaneous decoder refresh pictures

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3-D shape-adaptive directional wavelet transform for object-based scalable video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2008年第7期18卷 888-899页

作者： Liu, Y. Ngan, K. N. Wu, F. Department of Electronic Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong SAR Microsoft Research Asia Beijing 100080 China

This paper presents a 3-D shape-adaptive directional wavelet coding technique for object-based scalable video coding. This technique includes 3-D object-based directional threading and extensions of weighted adaptive lifting (WAL) scheme. The 3-D object-based directional threading, which unifies the concept of temporal motion threading and 2-D spatial directional threading, provides the opportunities to align a series of video object planes to form a 3-D video object and exploit the spatio-temporal correlation inside the 3-D video object. The WAL scheme, which is extended from 2-D frame-based image coding to 3-D object-based video coding, is employed to decompose the 3-D video object into a 3-D multispatio-temporal resolution video object pyramid for object-based scalable video coding. Experimental results show that the proposed 3-D shape-adaptive directional wavelet coding technique consistently outperforms MPEG-4 and other wavelet-based schemes for coding arbitrarily shaped video objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： 3-D directional threading Arbitrarily shaped video object directional wavelet transform object-based coding scalable video coding weighted adaptive lifting (WAL)

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A Statistical Approach for Fast Mode Decision in scalable video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2009年第12期19卷 1915-1920页

作者： Park, Chun-Su Dan, Byoung-Kyu Choi, Haechul Ko, Sung-Jea Korea Univ Dept Elect Engn Seoul 136701 South Korea Elect & Telecommun Res Inst Taejon 305700 South Korea

In scalable video coding (SVC), an exhaustive mode decision is performed to search for the best mode at each macroblock. Although this method achieves an optimal trade-off between rate and distortion, it introduces an extreme computational burden on the encoder. In this letter, we propose a fast mode decision algorithm that can reduce the computational load of the mode decision for SVC. We statistically derive the expectation of the rate-distortion cost (RDcost) increase caused by skipping each mode in the mode decision. In the proposed algorithm, the encoder performs the mode decision using a small number of modes that are determined based on the expected increase of the RDcost. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity significantly with negligible video quality degradation and bitrate increment.

关键词： Mode decision modeling scalable video coding

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Analysis and performance evaluation of scalable video coding over heterogeneous cellular networks

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COMPUTER NETWORKS 2019年 148卷 151-163页

作者： Ghermezcheshmeh, Mojtaba Shah-Mansouri, Vahid Ghanbari, Mohammad Univ Tehran Sch ECE Coll Engn Tehran Iran Univ Essex Sch CSEE Colchester Essex England

Deployment of small cells along with macro base stations is considered as one of the most promising solutions for increasing the capacity and coverage of the wireless networks. Wireless networks comprising of various levels of base stations are called heterogeneous cellular networks (HCN). In this paper, the structure of HCNs is utilized for transmission of scalable video coding (SVC). In such networks, higher density of the stations increases the probability of handover for mobile users. Packet loss, delay, and failure in handover degrade the quality of media streaming services. In the proposed scheme, for two-layer spatially scalable coded video, due to the umbrella coverage of a macrocell, macro base station (MBS) is suitable for transmission of the base layer content to the users within its coverage area to minimize the costs of handover. Moreover, the enhancement layer is transmitted by an access point (AP) offering maximum biased received power. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, first, the data rate distributions for a stationary user are modeled. Then, using the tools from stochastic geometry, theoretical expressions are derived for both horizontal and vertical handover probabilities experienced by a mobile user. In addition, two performance metrics are quantified to analyze the performance of the proposed scheme. These are the standard-definition (SD) outage probability and the high-definition probability. In this paper we show that using SVC over HCNs the SD outage probability is reduced by 50% to 55% compared to the conventional methods, where all layers receive from one AP. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heterogeneous cellular networks scalable video coding Handover probability Standard-definition outage probability High-definition probability

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Peer-to-peer video-on-demand with scalable video coding

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2010年第14期33卷 1589-1597页

作者： Ding, Yan Liu, Jiangchuan Wang, Dan Jiang, Hongbo Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Elect & Informat Engn Dept Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Simon Fraser Univ Sch Comp Sci Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Comp Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

Peer-to-peer has evolved into a promising communication paradigm for large-scale content sharing. It has recently been suggested for on-demand video streaming as well. Such peer-to-peer video-on-Demand (VoD) makes effective use of local disk space and upload bandwidth distributed across peers to relieve the server load, which has long been a bottleneck of conventional VoD systems that demand enormous storage and network resources. It is well-known that the startup delay of state-of-the-art peer-to-peer VoD remains much longer than powerful client/server-based systems. In this paper, we present a novel peer-to-peer VoD system that utilizes scalable video coding (SVC) for delay minimization, and to deal with heterogeneous user capabilities as well as dynamic end-to-end resources availability. It brings two tangible benefits: first, starting from the SVC base layer only, the startup delay for a peer to join the system and successfully initialize video playback can be reduced;second, by dynamically adding or dropping SVC enhancement layers, the occurrences of frame freezing due to the temporal network congestion or the insufficient peer bandwidths can be minimized, and quick recovery from such freezing can be expected too. We mathematically formulate the transmission scheduling problem for peer-to-peer VoD with SVC. We strike a balance between startup delay and playback quality, trying to maximize the overall playback quality that all peers experience. We develop a practical scheduling strategy that allows each peer operate locally and efficiently. It implements a zigzag like importance allocation mechanism to determine the transmission order, taking advantage of the supplying peers with more layers and larger bandwidth. We have extensively evaluated our proposed system under diverse network and peer configurations. Our simulation results demonstrate that it makes effective utilization of network resources, and outperforms conventional P2P VoD systems in terms of startu

关键词： Peer-to-peer video-on-demand scalable video coding Network heterogeneity Scheduling

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A new technique for quality scalable video coding with H.264

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2005年第11期15卷 1332-1340页

作者： Benierbah, S Khamadja, M Mentouri Univ Constantine SP Lab Constantine 25000 Algeria

In this paper, we provide a technique that allows H264/AVC to achieve quality scalable coding by allowing the coder to produce different coded motion qualities. This technique is called block ordering scalability. It realizes scalability by exploiting the existing building blocks of the standard. It may need minor changes of the current standard, but in its simple form, presented here, it does not need any change at all. The blocks carrying the updating picture information are ordered according to their importance into different slices. This reordering allows realizing a gradual refinement of the quality of coded pictures. An implementation of such a system is achieved by analyzing the motion of a given picture to determine the most important blocks to code for basic quality and the less important ones used for enhancement. In this case, scalability affects the quality of the reproduced motion. This way of coding the enhancement blocks allows achieving rate-adaptive coding. Many experimental results that show the efficiency of the technique are provided.

关键词： flexible macroblock ordering H.264/AVC motion estimation motion-compensated prediction scalable video coding

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