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String Prediction for 4:2:0 Format screen content coding and Its Implementation in AVS3

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2021年 23卷 3867-3876页

作者： Zhou, Qingyang Zhao, Liping Zhou, Kailun Lin, Tao Wang, Huihui Wang, Shuhui Jiao, Mengcao Tongji Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn VLSI Lab Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Shaoxing Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shaoxing 312000 Peoples R China

In the past, string prediction (also known as string matching) was applied only to RGB and YUV 4:4:4 format screen content coding. This paper proposes a string prediction approach to 4:2:0 format screen content coding implemented in the third generation of Audio Video Standard (AVS3) in China. String prediction is applied to both YUV CU and Y CU. To further improve the coding performance, several improved technicals of string prediction are presented, including a mixed string searching strategy for finding the optimal reference string, a joint picture-level, CU-level, and pixel-level early termination strategy to reduce coding complexity, and two effective coding methods for string prediction parameters. For low-complexity hardware implementation of string prediction decoder, the memory access bandwidth is reduced by introducing string constraints. Meanwhile, string prediction reuses the reference pixel buffer of intra block copy (IBC). Compared with the newest AVS3 reference software HPM7.0 with string prediction disabled, the proposed string prediction approach achieves up to 18.48% Y BD-rate reduction. Using AVS3 screen content coding (SCC) Common Test Condition and YUV test sequences in Text and Graphics with Motion category, the proposed technique achieves an average Y BD-rate reduction of 10.33%, 8.47%, 6.91% for All Intra (AI), Random Access (RA) and Low Delay (LD) configurations, respectively, with low additional encoding and decoding complexity. The proposed string prediction approach has been adopted in the newest AVS3 reference software HPM7.0.

关键词： Audio video coding standard screen content coding string prediction 4:2:0 format

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Mode skipping for screen content coding based on Neural Network Classifier

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JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME IMAGE PROCESSING 2021年第6期18卷 2453-2468页

作者： Elsawy, Nabila Sayed, Mohammed S. Farag, Fathi Zagazig Univ Dept Elect & Commun Engn Zagazig Egypt Egypt Japan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn New Borg El Arab City Egypt

The screen content coding Extension in High-Efficiency Video coding standard (HEVC-SCC) promotes the capabilities of HEVC in coding screen content videos (SCVs) using new techniques, which improves coding efficiency dramatically. These new techniques depend on the distinguished features of SCV such as repeated patterns, limited number of colors, sharp edges, and non-noisy regions. Nonetheless, this coding efficiency comes at the cost of enormous computational complexity. In this paper, a new technique is proposed to save encoding time while conserving coding efficiency. The proposed algorithm selects the suitable mode for each coding Unit (CU) and skips unhelpful modes by two methods. Two methods depend on skipping unwanted modes by Neural Network Classifiers. The first classifier is Neural Network Classifier Based on Current Depth Features (NNC_CF), which depends on the CU current depth features. The second one is Neural Network Classifier Based on Parent Depth Features (NNC_PF);the Parent depth features are considered the input of this classifier. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme.

关键词： HEVC screen content coding Neural network Intra-prediction

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An Ultralow Complexity String Matching Approach to screen content coding in AVS3

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2021年第9期31卷 3714-3718页

作者： Yang, Yufen Zhou, Kailun Zhao, Liping Lin, Tao Tongji Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn VLSI Lab Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Shaoxing Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shaoxing 312000 Peoples R China

screen content coding (SCC) is increasingly used in mobile devices, and ultralow coding complexity is required for low power consumption. This article proposes an ultralow complexity string matching approach to SCC. The proposed approach has two essential features: 1) allowing only two types of most effective reference strings that have two most frequently occurring values of offset (i.e., displacement vector) named dual unity offset and 2) fully optimized coding of string matching parameters for maximum coding efficiency. Since at most only two offset values and corresponding reference string positions are allowed for any current string being coded, the optimal reference string searching process is extremely simple and only needs to select the best string from at most two candidates. Moreover, in the proposed approach, the value ranges of string matching parameters, i.e., the string offset vector and string length are very limited, resulting in few bits to code the two parameters and high coding efficiency. Compared with the AVS3 reference software HPM7.0 with IBC disabled, using AVS3 SCC common test condition and YUV test sequences in text and graphics with motion category, the proposed technique achieves Y average BD-rate reduction of 10.8% and 5.8% for all intra (AI) and low-delay B (LDB) configurations, respectively, at ultralow encoding and decoding complexity.

关键词： Encoding Complexity theory Standards Tools Hardware Mobile handsets Software Audio-video coding standard screen content coding string matching dual unity offset string

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ADAPTIVE DUAL TREE STRUCTURE FOR screen content coding

ADAPTIVE DUAL TREE STRUCTURE FOR SCREEN CONTENT CODING

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Zhu, Weijia Xu, Jizheng Zhang, Li Wang, Yue Bytedance Inc 8910 Univ Ctr Lane San Diego CA 92122 USA Beijing Bytedance Network Technol 56 Zhichun Rd Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176055

The quad-tree plus binary-tree (QTBT) partition structures was adopted into the versatile video coding (VVC) standard. In the QTBT partition structure, a dual tree structure can be applied on intra slices where the partitioning structures for luminance and chrominance components are separate. The dual tree structure is efficient for camera captured videos. However, it may be not the case for screen content videos. Therefore, adaptive dual tree structure is proposed in this paper wherein the coding structure of each coding tree unit is switched between separate and joint coding structure to adapt the textures adaptively. The proposed scheme is implemented into the reference software of the VVC standard-VTM. Simulation results report that up to 4.5% BD bitrate saving can achieve on the typical screen content videos when compared to VTM5.

关键词： dual tree structure partitioning structure screen content coding versatile video coding image/video coding

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Linear Regression Mode of Intra Prediction for screen content coding

Linear Regression Mode of Intra Prediction for Screen Conten...

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IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP) - Visual Communications in the Era of AI and Limited Resources

作者： Peng, Wei Wang, Hongkui Yu, Li Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Electron Inf & Commun Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185514

High Efficiency Video coding - screen content coding (HEVC-SCC) follows the traditional angular intra prediction technique in HEVC. However, the Planar mode and the DC mode are somewhat repetitive for screen content video with features such as no senor noise. Hence, this paper proposes a new intra prediction mode called linear regression (LR) mode, which combines the Planar mode and the DC mode into one mode. The LR mode improves the prediction accuracy of intra prediction for fading regions in screen content video. Besides, by optimizing the most probable mode (MPM) construction, the hit rate of the best mode in the MPM list is improved. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 0.57% BD-BR reduction compared with HM 16.20+SCM8.8, while the coding time remains largely the same.

关键词： screen content coding intra prediction high efficiency video coding regression

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Sparse coding of Intra Prediction Residuals for screen content coding

Sparse Coding of Intra Prediction Residuals for Screen Conte...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)

作者： Schimpf, Michael G. Ling, Nam Shi, Yunhui Liu, Ying Santa Clara Univ Comp Sci & Engn Santa Clara CA 95053 USA Beijing Univ Technol Key Lab Multimedia & Intelligent Software Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728197661

High Efficiency Video coding - screen content coding (HEVC-SCC) is an extension to HEVC which adds sophisticated compression methods for computer generated content. A video frame is usually split into blocks that are predicted and subtracted from the original, which leaves a residual. These blocks are transformed by integer discrete sine transform (IntDST) or integer discrete cosine transform (IntDCT), quantized, and entropy coded into a bitstream. In contrast to camera captured content, screen content contains a lot of similar and repeated blocks. The HEVC-SCC tools utilize these similarities in various ways. After these tools are executed, the remaining signals are handled by IntDST/IntDCT which is designed to code camera-captured content. Fortunately, in sparse coding, the dictionary learning process which uses these residuals adapts much better and the outcome is significantly sparser than for camera captured content. This paper proposes a sparse coding scheme which takes advantage of the similar and repeated intra prediction residuals and targets low to mid frequency/energy blocks with a low sparsity setup. We also applied an approach which splits the common test conditions (CTC) sequences into categories for training and testing purposes. It is integrated as an alternate transform where the selection between traditional transform and our proposed method is based on a rate-distortion optimization (RDO) decision. It is integrated in HEVC-SCC test model (HM) HM-16.18+SCM-8.7. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a Bjontegaard rate difference (BD-rate) of up to 4.6% in an extreme computationally demanding setup for the "all intra" configuration compared with HM-16.18+SCM-8.7.

关键词： video coding sparse coding sparse representation orthogonal matching pursuit screen content coding HEVC residual coding intra prediction KSVD

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Learned Rate-Distortion Cost Prediction for Ultrafast screen content Intra coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2024年第3期34卷 1976-1980页

作者： Zuo, Yanchen Gao, Changsheng Liu, Dong Li, Li Zhang, Yueyi Sun, Xiaoyan Univ Sci & Technol China Inst Adv Technol Hefei 230088 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Technol Geospatial Informat Proc & App Hefei 230027 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Natl Engn Labo ratory Brain Inspired Intelligence Hefei 230026 Peoples R China

As online collaborations become more prevalent, screen content has become increasingly important in real-time video communications. To reduce communication costs, the H.265/HEVC standard introduced the screen content coding (SCC) extension, which achieves significant bits savings but comes with a higher encoding complexity. There is a need for ultrafast SCC encoding to meet the demands of real-time applications. Our key idea is to predict the rate-distortion (RD) cost of each possible coding unit under each possible mode, rather than performing actual coding to obtain the RD cost. Specifically, we construct neural networks to predict RD costs for intra prediction, palette, and normal intra block copy (IBC) modes. For IBC merge mode, we conduct motion compensation trials and use a linear regression network for prediction. Using the predicted RD costs, we create a partition-mode map set that determines not only block partitioning but also optimal modes, significantly reducing encoding complexity. Our experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves a more than 90% reduction in encoding time with an average 9.4% BD-rate increase compared to the HEVC-SCC reference software in the all-intra configuration.

关键词： Encoding Costs Complexity theory Real-time systems Rate-distortion Training Neurons Convolutional neural network high efficiency video coding intra coding rate-distortion cost screen content coding

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Research on Covert Communication Security Based on screen content coding

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 22275-22280页

作者： Liu, Zhe Chen, He Sun, Songlin Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Informat & Commun Engn Beijing 100876 Peoples R China

Covert transmission technology is a new direction in the field of information security technology. It can protect copyright and authentication sources and integrity in an open network environment, and ensure the security of digital media content through information hiding technology. Some unique features of screen content video have promoted the further development of video coding technology, and the HEVC-SCC standard has emerged as the times require. It is of great significance and value to study the information security issues of screen content coding standards. Therefore, based on the unique characteristics of the SCC stream, this paper studies the information steganography technology, and uses the video information hiding technology to transmit private data. A video steganography scheme based on chaotic mapping in DCT domain is proposed where the proposed method applies to HEVC screen content coding. The mutation frame of the screen content sequence is judged according to the threshold value, and the location of the secret data embedding is shuffled and scrambled based on the value of the chaotic logistic map digital chaotic sequence, thereby improving the security.

关键词： screen content coding steganography security HEVC

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An Optimized Video Encoder Implementation with screen content coding Tools

An Optimized Video Encoder Implementation with Screen Conten...

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IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

作者： Xu, Xiaozhong Wang, Shitao Chen, Yu Li, Yiming Zhang, Qing Zheng, Yushan Liu, Shan Tencent Media Lab Palo Alto CA 94306 USA Tencent Media Lab Shenzhen Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728180687

screen content video applications require efficient coding of computer-generated materials. The new screen content coding tools such as intra block copy (IBC) and palette mode (PLT) have addressed this requirement. However, the added computational complexity on top of the existing sophisticated video encoders is also challenging. In this paper, we focus on the fast and efficient encoder implementation of these screen content coding tools. Improvements on hash-based IBC search, PLT optimization, mode decision between PLT and intra mode, and other general encoder accelerations towards screen content applications are studied and discussed. Experimental results show that with these methods added, the encoder can achieve some faster runtime performance than before while the compression efficiency is almost doubled with screen content coding tools.

关键词： screen content coding intra block copy palette mode encoder optimization

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IBC-Mirror Mode for screen content coding for the Next Generation Video coding Standards

IBC-Mirror Mode for Screen Content Coding for the Next Gener...

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IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

作者： Cao, Jian Qiu, Zhen Li, Zhengren Liang, Fan Wang, Jun Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Elect & Informat Technol Guangzhou Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Microelect Sci & Technol Zhuhai Peoples R China Peng Cheng Lab Shenzhen Peoples R China Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai Zhuhai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728180687

This paper proposes an IBC-Mirror mode for screen content coding (SCC) for the next generation video coding standards, including Versatile Video coding (VVC) and Audio Video Standard-3 in China (AVS3). It is the first time to take mirror characteristic into consideration for SCC in VVC/AVS3. Based on the translational motion model of Intra Block Copy (IBC) mode, the function of "horizontal and vertical flipping" is further added to reduce prediction error and improve coding efficiency. The proposed IBC-Mirror mode is implemented on the latest reference software, including VTM-5.0 (VVC) and HPM-5.0 (AVS3). The simulations show that the proposed mode can achieve up to 1 similar to 2% (VVC) and 4 similar to 7% (AVS3) BD-rate saving for SCC test sequences. Drafts about the mode have been submitted to AVS meeting and investigated in SCC Core Experiments (CE).

关键词： screen content coding intra block copy video coding versatile video coding AVS3

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