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secure precoding design for high-mobility systems with OTFS modulation

PHYSICAL COMMUNICATION 2023年 61卷

作者： Li, Qi Cai, Donghong Fang, Fang Dong, Zhicheng Khan, Zahid Jinan Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Guangzhou 510632 Peoples R China Western Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn London ON N6A 5B9 Canada Tibet Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Lhasa 850000 Peoples R China Prince Sultan Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Riyadh 11586 Saudi Arabia

This paper investigates a downlink high-mobility secure communication system with orthogonal time- frequency space (OTFS) modulation. In order to achieve secure transmission, a secure precoding scheme based on a privacy-preserving method is proposed, in which a projection matrix with artificial noise (AN) is introduced to disturb eavesdropper. Specifically, the normalized projection matrix of AN, the normalized precoding matrix of desired signals, and the power allocation coefficients are alternatively optimized. The projection matrix and precoding matrix are first derived in closed-form with the normalization constraints and fixed power allocation. Then, the power allocation coefficients are obtained by solving a secure rate maximization problem. Simulation results show that the proposed privacy-preserving projection matrix can effectively interfere with eavesdropping from the illegitimate user, and the proposed secure precoding scheme has significant performance gains over the existing schemes.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： OTFS secure precoding High -mobility communication

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Rethinking secure precoding via Interference Exploitation: A Smart Eavesdropper Perspective

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY 2021年 16卷 585-600页

作者： Xu, Qian Ren, Pinyi Swindlehurst, A. Lee Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Shaanxi Smart Networks & Ubiquitous Access Res Ct Xian 710049 Peoples R China Univ Calif Irvine Ctr Pervas Commun & Comp Irvine CA 92697 USA

Based on the concept of constructive interference (CI), multiuser interference (MUI) has recently been shown to be beneficial for communication secrecy. A few CI-based secure precoding algorithms have been proposed that use both the channel state information (CSI) and knowledge of the instantaneous transmit symbols. In this article, we examine the CI-based secure precoding problem with a focus on smart eavesdroppers that exploit statistical information gleaned from the precoded data for symbol detection. Moreover, the impact of correlation between the main and eavesdropper channels is taken into account. We first modify an existing CI-based precoding scheme to better utilize the destructive impact of the interference. Then, we point out the drawback of both the existing and the new modified CI-based precoders when faced with a smart eavesdropper. To address this deficiency, we provide a general principle for precoder design and then give two specific design examples. Finally, the scenario where the eavesdropper's CSI is unavailable is studied. Numerical results show that although our modified CI-based precoder can achieve a better energy-secrecy trade-off than the existing approach, both have a limited secrecy benefit. On the contrary, the precoders developed using the new CI-design principle can achieve a much improved tradeoff and significantly degrade the eavesdropper's performance.

关键词： precoding Interference Security Phase shift keying Antenna arrays Downlink Physical layer security constructive interference secure precoding symbol-level precoding

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Priority-Aware secure precoding Based on Multi-Objective Symbol Error Ratio Optimization

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2021年第3期69卷 1912-1929页

作者： Zhang, Jiankang Chen, Sheng Wang, Fasong Ng, Soon Xin Maunder, Robert G. Hanzo, Lajos Univ Southampton Sch Elect & Comp Sci Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England Zhengzhou Univ Sch Informat Engn Zhengzhou 450001 Peoples R China

The secrecy capacity based on the assumption of having continuous distributions for the input signals constitutes one of the fundamental metrics for the existing physical layer security (PHYS) solutions. However, the input signals of real-world communication systems obey discrete distributions. Furthermore, apart from the capacity, another ultimate performance metric of a communication system is its symbol error ratio (SER). In this article, we pursue a radically new approach to PHYS by considering rigorous direct SER optimization exploiting the discrete nature of practical modulated signals. Specifically, we propose a secure precoding technique based on a multi-objective SER criterion, which aims for minimizing the confidential messages' SER at their legitimate user, while maximizing the SER of the confidential messages leaked to the illegitimate user. The key to this challenging multi-objective optimization problem is to introduce a priority factor that controls the priority of directly minimizing the SER of the legitimate user against directly maximizing the SER of the leaked confidential messages. Furthermore, we define a new metric termed as the security-level, which is related to the conditional symbol error probability of the confidential messages leaked to the illegitimate user. Additionally, we also introduce the secure discrete-input continuous-output memoryless channel (DCMC) capacity referred to as secure-DCMC-capacity, which serves as a classical security metric of the confidential messages, given a specific discrete modulation scheme. The impacts of both the channel's Rician factor and the correlation factor of antennas on the security-level and the secure-DCMC-capacity are investigated. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed priority-aware secure precoding based on the direct SER metric is capable of securing transmissions, even in the challenging scenario, where the eavesdropper has three receive antennas, while the legitimate user only

关键词： Measurement precoding Simulation Receiving antennas Physical layer security Security Optimization Physical layer security wiretap channel secrecy capacity secure precoding mean square error symbol error rate conditional error probability multiple-input multiple-output

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Device-Centric Distributed Antenna Transmission: secure precoding and Antenna Selection With Interference Exploitation

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2020年第3期7卷 2293-2308页

作者： Wei, Zhongxiang Masouros, Christos UCL Dept Elect & Elect Engn London WC1E 6BT England

In this article, we address physical layer security in the distributed antenna (DA) systems, where eavesdroppers (Eves) can intercept the information transmitted for the intended receiver (IR). To realize a device-centric, power-efficient, and physical-layer security-aware system, we aim at minimizing power consumption by jointly designing DA selection and secure precoding. Different from the conventional artificial noise (AN)-aided secure transmission, where AN is treated as an undesired element for the IR, we design AN such that it is constructive to the IR while keeping destructive to the Eves. Importantly, we investigate two practical scenarios, where the IR and Eves' channel state information (CSI) are imperfectly obtained or the Eves' CSI is completely unknown. To handle the CSI uncertainties, we solve the problems in probabilistic and deterministic robust optimizations, respectively, both satisfying the IR' signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) requirement by the use of constructive AN and addressing security against the Eves. The simulation results demonstrate our algorithms consume much less power compared to the centralized antenna (CA) systems with/without antenna selection, as well as the DA systems with conventional AN processing. Last but not least, by the proposed algorithms, the activation of DAs closely relates to devices' locations and quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, featuring a device-centric and on-demand structure.

关键词： Power demand Interference Signal to noise ratio precoding Robustness Security Active matrix addressing Antenna selection constructive artificial noise (AN) distributed antenna (DA) robust optimization secure precoding

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ROBUST secure precoding AND ANTENNA SELECTION: A PROBABILISTIC OPTIMIZATION APPROACH FOR INTERFERENCE EXPLOITATION 44

ROBUST SECURE PRECODING AND ANTENNA SELECTION: A PROBABILIST...

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44th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Wei, Zhongxiang Masouros, Christos UCL Dept Elect & Elect Engn London England

ISBN: (纸本)9781479981311

In this paper, to realize a power-efficient, user-centric and physical layer security-addressing system, we investigate total power minimization by jointly designing antenna selection and secure precoding for distributed antenna (DA) systems. Different from the conventional artificial noise (AN)-aided secure transmission, where AN is treated as an undesired element for the intended receiver (IR), we design AN such that it is constructive to the IR while keeping destructive to the eavesdroppers (Eves). Importantly, we investigate a practical scenario, where the IR and Eves' channel state information (CSI) is imperfectly obtained. To handle the CSI uncertainties, we solve the problem in a probabilistic manner, which statistically satisfies the IR' signal-to-interference-and-ratio (SINR) requirement by use of constructive AN and addresses security against the Eves. Simulation demonstrates our algorithm consumes much less power compared to the centralized antenna (CA) systems, as well as the DA systems with conventional AN processing. Last but not least, a user-centric and on-demand structure is presented by the algorithm, thanks to the adaptive DAs activation/deactivation mechanism.

关键词： Distributed antenna Antenna selection secure precoding Robust optimization Constructive interference

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secure SYMBOL-LEVEL MISO precoding

SECURE SYMBOL-LEVEL MISO PRECODING

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Xu, Qian Ren, Pinyi Swindlehurst, A. Lee Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Xian Peoples R China Univ Calif Irvine Ctr Pervas Commun & Comp Irvine CA 92697 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509066315

While constructive interference offers indirect advantages in physical layer security by reducing the transmit power required to achieve a desired performance level, additional gains are possible by choosing the symbols to degrade the eavesdropper's ability to decode the desired data. An algorithm was recently proposed for this purpose, but it assumes an eavesdropper that employs simple nearest-neighbor decoding, and that only exploits a portion of the space available for destructive interference (DI). In this paper, we modify the technique to exploit the full DI region, but we show that even with this improvement, the general approach is vulnerable to an intelligent eavesdropper who can perform maximum likelihood detection. Based on this observation, we propose an alternative approach that, while requiring increased transmit power, can yield the best possible security.

关键词： physical layer security constructive interference secure precoding symbol-level precoding

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secure Communication for RSMA Systems: Integrating Spatial and WFRFT Signal Domains

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2024年第11期28卷 2498-2502页

作者： Dong, Heng Fang, Xiaojie Zhao, Jun Lin, Xu Sha, Xuejun Li, Zhuoming Nanyang Technol Univ Coll Comp & Data Sci Singapore 639798 Singapore Harbin Inst Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

In this letter, we investigate secure communication for the downlink rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) system by integrating both the spatial domain and weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) signal domain to enhance its physical layer security (PLS) performance. To counter the external passive eavesdropper, we propose an RSMA-CM-WFRFT scheme to promote the dual use of the common message (CM), thereby improving the secrecy rate of both common and private messages. Specifically, the common message is encoded based on WFRFT, enabling all received power of legitimate users for signal reconstruction, while introducing inter-component interference at the eavesdropper. Furthermore, the inevitable serial interference caused by the WFRFT-encoded CM sequence overlays onto the private message (PM), thus enhancing its security. To counter internal eavesdroppers, we propose an RSMA-PM-WFRFT scheme to achieve parallel encryption by encoding the private message of different users into different WFRFT domains. Additionally, we formulate and solve a non-convex optimization problem aimed at minimizing the required power under both security and reliability constraints. Numerical results demonstrate the superior performance of the two proposed schemes.

关键词： Interference Security Signal to noise ratio precoding Symbols Reliability Encryption Physical layer security (PLS) rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) inter-component interference secure precoding

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Joint Optimization for secure and Reliable Communications in Finite Blocklength Regime

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第12期22卷 9457-9472页

作者： Oh, Mintaek Park, Jeonghun Choi, Jinseok Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST Dept Elect Engn Ulsan 44919 South Korea Yonsei Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 03722 South Korea Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol KAIST Sch Elect Engn Daejeon 34141 South Korea

To realize ultra-reliable low latency communications with high spectral efficiency and security, we investigate a joint optimization problem for downlink communications with multiple users and eavesdroppers in the finite blocklength (FBL) regime. We formulate a multi-objective optimization problem to maximize a sum secrecy rate by developing a secure precoder and to minimize a maximum error probability and information leakage rate. The main challenges arise from the complicated multi-objective problem, non-tractable back-off factors from the FBL assumption, non-convexity and non-smoothness of the secrecy rate, and the intertwined optimization variables. To address these challenges, we adopt an alternating optimization approach by decomposing the problem into two phases: secure precoding design, and maximum error probability and information leakage rate minimization. In the first phase, we obtain a lower bound of the secrecy rate and derive a first-order Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition to identify local optimal solutions with respect to the precoders. Interpreting the condition as a generalized eigenvalue problem, we solve the problem by using a power iteration-based method. In the second phase, we adopt a weighted-sum approach and derive KKT conditions in terms of the error probabilities and leakage rates for given precoders. Simulations validate the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Optimization Error probability precoding Reliability Security MIMO communication Ultra reliable low latency communication Physical layer security finite blocklength secure precoding error probability and information leakage rate minimization alternating optimization

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Joint precoding and Artificial Noise Design for MU-MIMO Wiretap Channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第3期71卷 1564-1578页

作者： Choi, Eunsung Oh, Mintaek Choi, Jinseok Park, Jeonghun Lee, Namyoon Al-Dhahir, Naofal Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST Dept Elect Engn Ulsan 44919 South Korea Kyungpook Natl Univ Sch Elect Engn Coll IT Engn Daegu 41566 South Korea Korea Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 02841 South Korea Univ Texas Dallas Elect & Comp Engn Dept Richardson TX 75080 USA

secure precoding superimposed with artificial noise (AN) is a promising transmission technique to improve security by harnessing the superposition nature of the wireless medium. However, finding a jointly optimal precoding and AN structure is very challenging in downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output wiretap channels with multiple eavesdroppers. The major challenge in maximizing the secrecy rate arises from the non-convexity and non-smoothness of the rate function. Traditionally, an alternating optimization framework that identifies beamforming vectors and AN covariance matrix has been adopted;yet this alternating approach has limitations in maximizing the secrecy rate. In this paper, we put forth a novel secure precoding algorithm that jointly and simultaneously optimizes the beams and AN covariance matrix for maximizing the secrecy rate when a transmitter has either perfect or partial channel knowledge of eavesdroppers. To this end, we first establish an approximate secrecy rate in a smooth function. Then, we derive the first-order optimality condition in the form of the nonlinear eigenvalue problem (NEP). We present a computationally efficient algorithm to identify the principal eigenvector of the NEP as a suboptimal solution for secure precoding. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed methods improve secrecy rate significantly compared to the existing methods.

关键词： Physical layer security secrecy rate secure precoding artificial noise (AN) joint and simultaneous optimization

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Max-Min Fairness precoding for Physical Layer Security With Partial Channel Knowledge

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2023年第9期12卷 1637-1641页

作者： Lee, Sangmin Choi, Eunsung Choi, Jinseok Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Ulsan 44919 South Korea Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Sch Elect Engn Daejeon 34141 South Korea

We propose secure max-min fairness (MMF) precoding for a downlink multi-antenna system with multiple users and eavesdroppers. Since the problem is non-convex and non-smooth and partial channel knowledge is assumed, it is highly challenging to solve. To resolve the difficulties, we first reformulate the problem with conditional average rates, allowing to exploit the partial channel knowledge. Then, we derive the original problem as an approximate smoothing problem using a LogSumExp approach. We identify the first-order optimality condition and cast it to a generalized eigenvalue problem. Solving the problem via a power iteration offers the best local optimal solution. Simulations validate the proposed secure-MMF precoding method.

关键词： Channel estimation precoding Security Covariance matrices Downlink Optimization Array signal processing Physical layer security secure precoding max-min fairness generalized power iteration imperfect CSIT

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