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Usage of Regular Features of Partially Defined Functional Neural Networks to Find a Solution

AUTOMATIC DOCUMENTATION AND MATHEMATICAL LINGUISTICS 2024年第2期58卷 100-107页

作者： Betin, V. N. Ivashchenko, V. F. Suprun, A. P. Int Ctr Informat & Elect Moscow Russia Starovoytov Ctr Informat Technol & Syst Execut Pow Moscow Russia Russian Technol Univ MIREA Moscow Russia

In this paper, we propose techniques to improve the efficiency of systems acting with knowledge bases and based on functional neural networks (FN-networks) formalism due to the use of their structural features. The article addresses the case of partially defined FN-networks, which have a regular structure and are set as lists of multiple similar objects and fragments with common structure such that their number is unknown and may be unlimited. It offers an algorithm to find solution, which is based on dynamic formation of limited, fully determined local fragments of partially defined network and subsequent transfer of the results to the entire FN-network, which may be endless.

关键词： artificial intelligence decision support systems FN-network automated decision making automated algorithm synthesis text comprehension systems semantic data processing information-analytic systems inferencing machinery consolidation of knowledge knowledge bases

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Researching North Korean Historiography with Digital Humanities Methodologies

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KOREA JOURNAL 2023年第4期63卷 16-53页

作者： Ryu, Intae Hong, Jong-wook Korea Univ Inst Sinog Literatures & Philol Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Inst Humanities Seoul South Korea

The purpose of this article is to attempt to combine North Korean humanities research with digital humanities methods, using the North Korean Humanities data Archive (NKHDA) project as an example, and to report on a newly constructed semantic data processing model. Although NKHDA targeted the entire scope of North Korean humanities, it mainly focused on the field of historiography, which has a relatively large accumulation of scholarly information. This article focuses on North Korean historiography to discuss the following three points. Firstly, the theoretical and technical background of the NKHDA is summarized. Secondly, the trial -and -error process of constructing NKHDA is described. Thirdly, the process of creating a new model of semantic data processing by combining wiki documentation and triple data/ visualization is described. A new model was made possible by embedding triple data lists and network graphs into wiki pages and developing a data entry tool for triple data generation. Also described is the NKHDAs' use as an educational platform for the digital humanities.

关键词： North Korean historiography digital humanities NKHDA (North Korean Humanities data Archive) semantic data processing triple data network graph wiki database

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Natural language processing methods for knowledge management-Applying document clustering for fast search and grouping of engineering documents

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CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2021年第2期29卷 142-152页

作者： Arnarsson, Ivar Orn Frost, Otto Gustavsson, Emil Jirstrand, Mats Malmqvist, Johan Chalmers Univ Technol Dept Ind & Mat Sci Chalmersplatsen 4 S-41296 Gothenburg Sweden Fraunhofer Chalmers Ctr Gothenburg Sweden

Product development companies collect data in form of Engineering Change Requests for logged design issues, tests, and product iterations. These documents are rich in unstructured data (e.g. free text). Previous research affirms that product developers find that current IT systems lack capabilities to accurately retrieve relevant documents with unstructured data. In this research, we demonstrate a method using Natural Language processing and document clustering algorithms to find structurally or contextually related documents from databases containing Engineering Change Request documents. The aim is to radically decrease the time needed to effectively search for related engineering documents, organize search results, and create labeled clusters from these documents by utilizing Natural Language processing algorithms. A domain knowledge expert at the case company evaluated the results and confirmed that the algorithms we applied managed to find relevant document clusters given the queries tested.

关键词： natural language processing document clustering semantic data processing knowledge management engineering change request

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EFFECTS OF BIOPHILIC RESTORATIVE EXPERIENCES ON DESIGNERS' BODIES, BRAINS, AND MINDS

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 1565-1574页

The research presented in this paper explores a novel method for assessing the effects of biophilic restorative experiences on designers’ cognition by combining the use of physiological, neurocognitive and semantic measures. A total of 12 engineering graduate students participated in a three-step pilot experiment that consisted of (1) a stressor (the Trier Social Stress Test), (2) a destressing intervention (biophilic sound experience), and (3) a design task. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used to track subjects’ autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to track patterns of brain activation in subjects’ prefrontal cortex (PFC). Changes in design quality were assessed by the semantic space they explored, measured through a natural language processing (NLP) technique. Preliminary findings suggest that an auditory biophilic restorative experience can change designers’ bodies, brains, and minds. Results from this pilot study encourage further exploration of the use of exposure to nature-based stimuli as a method to help enhance engineering design cognition.

关键词： Bio-inspired design / biomimetics Design cognition semantic data processing neurocognition biophilia

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PROBLEMS: EASY TO SAY BUT DIFFICULT TO WRITE

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 2945-2954页

Patents are an invaluable source of data that can be beneficial for Engineering Design (ED). Patenting is one of the main means for disclosing the inventive process. For this reason, the description of the problem solved should also be included in any patents. The ED literature lacks a proper definition of a problem, resulting in a fragmented scenario. Prior studies have employed Text Mining (TM) to extract problems from patents. We argue that TM can assist ED researchers in understanding how problems are articulated in text. Based on the literature, we propose two hypotheses: (1) problem-related text exhibits a negative sentiment polarity compared to other sections of patents; (2) problem-related keywords identified in the literature are predominantly used to describe problems rather than other aspects. We analyse Japanese patents to validate our hypotheses, since they explicit Problem and Solution in the abstract. Finally, we compare our results with a set of problem-related sentences extracted from USPTO patents. Our study reveals a higher positive sentiment in problem-related sentences compared to solution-related ones and highlights the inadequacy of using problem-related keywords alone to differentiate between the two.

关键词： Patent Analysis Text mining Knowledge management semantic data processing Conceptual design

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WHAT USERS WANT: A NATURAL LANGUAGE processing APPROACH TO DISCOVER USERS' NEEDS FROM ONLINE REVIEWS

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 3879-3888页

Digital media are a means to deliver products and services, but also a channel to interact with consumers and a source of information on users’ preferences. data shared by customers on the web, the User-Generated Content (UGC), can give entrepreneurs a detailed perspective of the market. This work examines an application of Natural Language processing techniques on UGC to discover insights on users' opinions. We collected more than 13.000 reviews of software from digital stores and review website to gather information on the customers’ perspective and their response to a given marketing strategy in two case studies on digital product's launch. The objective is to give support to two Italian companies in the process of business model development through data-driven evidence. We aim to discover who are the users and which are their needs using a lexicon-based approach to mine unstructured text. The results provide qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the market segments. We propose a method to examine UGC and to explore customers’ behavior on social media. The findings helped managers for the development of their business model, enhancing an informed decision-making process.

关键词： semantic data processing User centred design Requirements

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AUTOMATED CONDITION DETECTION IN REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 707-716页

In product development, it is of great importance that a complete, unambiguous, and, as far as possible, contradiction-free target system is defined. Requirements documents of complex systems can contain several thousand individual requirements, derived in an interdisciplinary manner and written in natural language by many different stakeholders. Hence, errors, in the form of contradictions, cannot be completely avoided in these documents and today they must be corrected manually with high effort. This paper presents an important building block for automated contradiction detection and quality analysis of requirements documents. We discuss the necessary identification of conditions in requirements and the extraction of the verbal expressions associated with condition and effect, respectively. We applied and analyzed natural language processing methods based on grammatical versus machine learning models. The models have been applied to 1,861 real-world requirements. Both approaches generate promising results, with an accuracy partly over 98%. However, in structured specification texts, a grammatical model is preferable due to lower effort in preprocessing and better usability.

关键词： Requirements Machine learning semantic data processing Systems Engineering (SE) Evaluation

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TEXT MINING OF RESILIENT OBJECTS ABSORBING CHANGE AND UNCERTAINTY

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 3325-3334页

The current ways of coping with uncertainty such as changes during product design or use have been through methods such as easy restructuring (e.g., modularity with buffer in interface definition), by overdesign and so on. The present investments on maintaining products in the economy for “as long as possible” is challenging these strategies from a cost and environmental perspective. Moreover, these strategies often lead to highly overdesigned products. An alternative strategy is to introduce features in a design, called “resilient objects”, which are able to absorb such uncertainties without wasteful overdesign of other parts. By applying a ‘text-mining’ approach on patents, this paper has identified 5,552 candidates for such resilient objects that can be recombined and inserted in regions of the product that are likely to be most affected by current and future uncertainties. The application of resilient objects is demonstrated on a case study (a cooling system for battery electric vehicles). The case study highlights the ability of these objects to 1) significantly increase protection against uncertainties without the need for restructuring, 2 ) reduce the risk for overdesign and 3) dampen effects of change propagation.

关键词： Resilient objects semantic data processing Tech mining Product architecture Uncertainty

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PROPOSAL OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS METHOD FOR PRODUCTS CONSIDERING EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION IN ENGINEERING DESIGN

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 2995-3004页

It is important for organizations to balance exploration and exploitation in order to respond quickly and sustainably to the needs of society and users in a rapidly changing business environment. However, there is insufficient research on design methods to balance exploration and exploitation in product design, and a method to objectively identify the product groups to be balanced has not yet been established. In this paper, on the basis of the characteristics of exploration and exploitation in design, a cluster analysis using functional and attribute distances between products is proposed. To validate the proposed method, it was applied to past product cases in which the relationship between exploration and exploitation was known. The results showed that in the cases of cameras, in addition to known product groups forming large clusters, reasonable minor classifications that had not been identified were also obtained. This indicates that the proposed method is capable of analyzing reasonable clusters in the cases and is potentially effective in identifying product groups taking into consideration the relationship between exploration and exploitation.

关键词： Exploration and exploitation Design methods New product development Innovation semantic data processing

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ENGINEERING GRAPH AS AN APPROACH TO SUPPORT DESIGN DECISIONS IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 1625-1634页

The requirements space is increasing due to non-functional areas such as security, resilience and sustainability gaining in importance. This creates a complex and dynamic space which makes it hard for engineers to take good data driven design decisions. Increasing the quality of design decisions allows to better set up development projects and develop more successful products and services. The design can most heavily be influenced in the early design phases, where design flexibility is high and resource commitment is low. Unfortunately, the system knowledge is also low in early phases. The Engineering Graph is a concept that connects data from different internal and external sources. It allows to connect product data stored in Product Lifecycle Management systems with system models and also add external sources from the Wikimedia Knowledge Graph, World Health Organization and World Bank. This interconnected data allows the support of engineers in managing the complex and dynamic requirement space and provide high system knowledge in the early design phases to support design decisions.

关键词： Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) Early design phases semantic data processing Engineering Graph Design Decisions

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