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WHAT USERS WANT: A NATURAL LANGUAGE processing APPROACH TO DISCOVER USERS' NEEDS FROM ONLINE REVIEWS

Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 3879-3888页

Digital media are a means to deliver products and services, but also a channel to interact with consumers and a source of information on users’ preferences. data shared by customers on the web, the User-Generated Content (UGC), can give entrepreneurs a detailed perspective of the market. This work examines an application of Natural Language processing techniques on UGC to discover insights on users' opinions. We collected more than 13.000 reviews of software from digital stores and review website to gather information on the customers’ perspective and their response to a given marketing strategy in two case studies on digital product's launch. The objective is to give support to two Italian companies in the process of business model development through data-driven evidence. We aim to discover who are the users and which are their needs using a lexicon-based approach to mine unstructured text. The results provide qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the market segments. We propose a method to examine UGC and to explore customers’ behavior on social media. The findings helped managers for the development of their business model, enhancing an informed decision-making process.

关键词： semantic data processing User centred design Requirements

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AUTOMATED CONDITION DETECTION IN REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 707-716页

In product development, it is of great importance that a complete, unambiguous, and, as far as possible, contradiction-free target system is defined. Requirements documents of complex systems can contain several thousand individual requirements, derived in an interdisciplinary manner and written in natural language by many different stakeholders. Hence, errors, in the form of contradictions, cannot be completely avoided in these documents and today they must be corrected manually with high effort. This paper presents an important building block for automated contradiction detection and quality analysis of requirements documents. We discuss the necessary identification of conditions in requirements and the extraction of the verbal expressions associated with condition and effect, respectively. We applied and analyzed natural language processing methods based on grammatical versus machine learning models. The models have been applied to 1,861 real-world requirements. Both approaches generate promising results, with an accuracy partly over 98%. However, in structured specification texts, a grammatical model is preferable due to lower effort in preprocessing and better usability.

关键词： Requirements Machine learning semantic data processing Systems Engineering (SE) Evaluation

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TEXT MINING OF RESILIENT OBJECTS ABSORBING CHANGE AND UNCERTAINTY

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 3325-3334页

The current ways of coping with uncertainty such as changes during product design or use have been through methods such as easy restructuring (e.g., modularity with buffer in interface definition), by overdesign and so on. The present investments on maintaining products in the economy for “as long as possible” is challenging these strategies from a cost and environmental perspective. Moreover, these strategies often lead to highly overdesigned products. An alternative strategy is to introduce features in a design, called “resilient objects”, which are able to absorb such uncertainties without wasteful overdesign of other parts. By applying a ‘text-mining’ approach on patents, this paper has identified 5,552 candidates for such resilient objects that can be recombined and inserted in regions of the product that are likely to be most affected by current and future uncertainties. The application of resilient objects is demonstrated on a case study (a cooling system for battery electric vehicles). The case study highlights the ability of these objects to 1) significantly increase protection against uncertainties without the need for restructuring, 2 ) reduce the risk for overdesign and 3) dampen effects of change propagation.

关键词： Resilient objects semantic data processing Tech mining Product architecture Uncertainty

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Feature Engineering for Design Thinking Assessment

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Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 2019年第1期1卷 3891-3900页

作者： Ryan Arlitt Sumbul Khan Lucienne Blessing Technical University of Denmark Singapore University of Technology and Design

As design and design thinking become increasingly important competencies for a modern workforce, the burden of assessing these fuzzy skills creates a scalability bottleneck. Toward addressing this need, this paper presents an exploratory study into a scalable computational approach for design thinking assessment. In this study, student responses to a variety of contextualized design questions – gathered both before and after participation in a design thinking training course – are analyzed. Specifically, a variety of text features are engineered, tested, and interpreted within a design thinking framework in order to identify specific markers of design thinking skill acquisition. Key findings of this work include identification of text features that may enable scalable measurement of (1) user-centric language and (2) design thinking concept acquisition. These results contribute toward the creation of computational tools to ease the burden of providing feedback about design thinking skills to a wide audience.

关键词： Design thinking Design education Machine learning semantic data processing

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Engineering Knowledge Graph for Keyword Discovery in Patent Search

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Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 2019年第1期1卷 2249-2258页

作者： Serhad Sarica Binyang Song En Low Jianxi Luo Singapore University of Technology and Design Engineering Product Development Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design

Patent retrieval and analytics have become common tasks in engineering design and innovation. Keyword-based search is the most common method and the core of integrative methods for patent retrieval. Often searchers intuitively choose keywords according to their knowledge on the search interest which may limit the coverage of the retrieval. Although one can identify additional keywords via reading patent texts from prior searches to refine the query terms heuristically, the process is tedious, time-consuming, and prone to human errors. In this paper, we propose a method to automate and augment the heuristic and iterative keyword discovery process. Specifically, we train a semantic engineering knowledge graph on the full patent database using natural language processing and semantic analysis, and use it as the basis to retrieve and rank the keywords contained in the retrieved patents. On this basis, searchers do not need to read patent texts but just select among the recommended keywords to expand their queries. The proposed method improves the completeness of the search keyword set and reduces the human effort for the same task.

关键词： semantic data processing Ontologies Machine learning Engineering knowledge graph Keyword discovery

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Requirements for Manufacturing data Collection to Enable data-Driven Design

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 112卷 232-237页

作者： Simon Rädler Jürgen Mangler Eugen Rigger V-Research GmbH Stadtstraße 33 6850 Dornbirn Austria University of Technology Vienna University of Technology Munich

Manufacturing data from cyber-physical production systems is considered an enabler of data-driven design that supports engineers in reducing lead time and costs. Building on a case study regarding tolerance-based cost estimation of manufacturing features, the contribution of this paper is the derivation of requirements for implementing data-driven design. The results demonstrate that model-based formalisation facilitates data preparation to mitigate the challenge of introducing coherent labels for identification of design features in manufacturing data. Additionally, the application of workflow orchestration is shown to be an enabler for streamlining of data collection based on automated data labelling.

关键词： data-Driven Design Industry 4.0 semantic data processing BPMN

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data FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN: MAPS AND GAPS

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2021年 1卷 821-830页

作者： Filippo Chiarello Elena Coli Vito Giordano Gualtiero Fantoni Andrea Bonaccorsi Department of Energy Systems Territory and Construction Engineering University of Pisa B4DS Lab - Business Engin Department of Information Engineering University of Pisa Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa

data, information and knowledge are strongly involved in Engineering Design (ED) process. Despite the crucial role played by data in the design process, there is a lack of studies about how different data are used and generated by the various phases of the ED process. This study is a first attempt to fill this gap by mapping which data types are involved in the different ED phases from a research *** order to achieve this objective, we used a methodology based on Text Mining. Firstly, we retrieve a corpus of scientific papers related to ED; then, we build two lexicons to recognize ED phases and data types; finally, we collect these entities within ED papers and map the relations between *** methodology application allows the building of a network graph for visualizing the relations among data lexicon and ED lexicon. Then, we investigate the specific relations among data types and ED phases by building a heatmap to investigate data types from 3 different *** insight coming from our analysis shows that ED studies have a great potential in the usage of many data sources, but also that there exist some gaps to be solved in order to reach a more effective data usage in the context of ED.

关键词： semantic data processing Knowledge management Information management data Types Text Mining

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PROPOSAL OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS METHOD FOR PRODUCTS CONSIDERING EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION IN ENGINEERING DESIGN

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 2995-3004页

It is important for organizations to balance exploration and exploitation in order to respond quickly and sustainably to the needs of society and users in a rapidly changing business environment. However, there is insufficient research on design methods to balance exploration and exploitation in product design, and a method to objectively identify the product groups to be balanced has not yet been established. In this paper, on the basis of the characteristics of exploration and exploitation in design, a cluster analysis using functional and attribute distances between products is proposed. To validate the proposed method, it was applied to past product cases in which the relationship between exploration and exploitation was known. The results showed that in the cases of cameras, in addition to known product groups forming large clusters, reasonable minor classifications that had not been identified were also obtained. This indicates that the proposed method is capable of analyzing reasonable clusters in the cases and is potentially effective in identifying product groups taking into consideration the relationship between exploration and exploitation.

关键词： Exploration and exploitation Design methods New product development Innovation semantic data processing

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ENGINEERING GRAPH AS AN APPROACH TO SUPPORT DESIGN DECISIONS IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

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Proceedings of the Design Society 2023年 3卷 1625-1634页

The requirements space is increasing due to non-functional areas such as security, resilience and sustainability gaining in importance. This creates a complex and dynamic space which makes it hard for engineers to take good data driven design decisions. Increasing the quality of design decisions allows to better set up development projects and develop more successful products and services. The design can most heavily be influenced in the early design phases, where design flexibility is high and resource commitment is low. Unfortunately, the system knowledge is also low in early phases. The Engineering Graph is a concept that connects data from different internal and external sources. It allows to connect product data stored in Product Lifecycle Management systems with system models and also add external sources from the Wikimedia Knowledge Graph, World Health Organization and World Bank. This interconnected data allows the support of engineers in managing the complex and dynamic requirement space and provide high system knowledge in the early design phases to support design decisions.

关键词： Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) Early design phases semantic data processing Engineering Graph Design Decisions

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Exploring the Influence of the Level of Technology and Expected Functions in Product semantic

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Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 2019年第1期1卷 3881-3890页

作者： SoJeong Kim JungKyoon Yoon Chajoong Kim Department of Creative Design Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Department of Design and Environmental Analysis Cornell University

This study attempted to explore how pragmatic and hedonic values are influenced by the level of technology and what particular functions have to be considered in the context of smart technology- driven design in terms of Pragmatic Value (PV) and Hedonic Value (HV). An on-line questionnaire survey was developed to answer the research questions. A total of 104 respondents participated in the survey. As target product for the study, analog watch and smart watch were selected as representative of low and high technology respectively. semantic Differentials on PV and HV were used and expected functions were investigated via an open question. The results indicate that there are some differences between analog and smart watches in terms of PV and HV. Regarding expected functions, significant differences were identified in the study. The findings from the study could provide a better understanding of the relationship between PV and HV in terms of level of technology. If it is considered in product development process, it may contribute to an increase of user satisfaction with smart- technology based product and service.

关键词： Case study semantic data processing Technology

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