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Differential effects of working memory constraints on syntactic and semantic processing: Evidence from ERPs

BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2025年 264卷 105550页

作者： Nakamura, Megan Rossi, Eleonora Penn State Univ Dept Psychol State Coll PA 16802 USA Univ Florida Dept Linguist Gainesville FL 32611 USA

Working memory (WM) is essential for language comprehension. It enables us to retain and manipulate information, track context, and recall key details. While WM's role in syntactic processing is well-established, its impact on semantic processing is less *** resources are allocated based on task demands, with syntactic processing-requiring the maintenance and manipulation of hierarchical dependencies-placing higher demands on WM. The present study uses electroencephalography (EEG) to examine how WM constraints impact syntactic and semantic processing. Monolingual English speakers completed a Sentence Judgment Task (SJT). Participants were assigned to two groups: the NonMemory group completed the SJT alone, while the Memory group performed a dual-task version requiring them to memorize a sequence of three words and monitor the sentences for these words. Event-related potential (ERP) results reveal a diminished P600 effect for syntactic violations in the Memory group, suggesting reduced sensitivity to syntactic errors under WM constraints. In contrast, no significant group differences for the N400 were observed for semantic violations, indicating that semantic processing may be less affected by WM limitations. This study advances our understanding of the role of WM in language processing and highlights how WM constraints differentially impact syntactic vs semantic processing. Insights from this research can inform how the brain adapts to varying WM demands, such as in second language processing, where prioritizing semantic over syntactic processing may be necessary to optimize limited cognitive resources.

关键词： Sentence processing ERPs Working memory Syntactic processing semantic processing

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An Exploration on Aperiodic Activities and Transient Oscillations During semantic processing: A Study With Wearable MEG

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING 2025年 33卷 1473-1485页

作者： Liang, Xiaoyu Ma, Yuyu Wang, Ruonan Wu, Huanqi Liu, Changzeng Cao, Fuzhi An, Nan Xiang, Min Zhai, Yueyang Ning, Xiaolin Beihang Univ Sch Instrumentat Sci & Optoelect Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Hebei Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn State Key Lab Reliabil & Intelligence Elect Equipm Tianjin 300130 Peoples R China Hebei Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn Prov Minist Joint Key Lab Electromagnet Field & El Tianjin 300130 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Hangzhou Int Innovat Inst Natl Key Lab Spintron Hangzhou 311115 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Sch Instrumentat & Optoelect Engn Key Lab Ultraweak Magnet Field Measurement Technol Minist Educ Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Hangzhou Innovat Inst Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Ultraweak Magnet Field Space Hangzhou 310051 Zhejiang Peoples R China Beihang Univ Hangzhou Inst Natl Extremely Weak Magnet Field Inf Hangzhou 310028 Zhejiang Peoples R China Hefei Natl Lab Hefei 230088 Peoples R China

The processing of semantic information is pivotal in language cognition. However, there is a scarcity of research exploring the semantic-related patterns associated with aperiodic and transient periodic brain activities. In this study, recently developed algorithms were employed to parameterize the time-frequency characteristics of neural activities captured with optically pumped magnetometers-based wearable Magnetoencephalography from participants engaged in a Chinese semantic-based task. This study elucidated the neural mechanisms during semantic processing, in relation to transient oscillations and aperiodic activity. Additionally, the results demonstrated that these parameterized features could serve as indicators for decoding semantics. These findings may offer novel contribution to analyzing the mechanism of semantic perception, which will be potential to rehabilitation of language disorders with OPM-MEG.

关键词： semantics Transient analysis Oscillators Neural activity Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetometers Mathematical models Magnetic fields Image reconstruction Magnetic field measurement semantic processing transient oscillations aperiodic activities OPM-MEG

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semantic processing during morphological priming: An ERP study

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BRAIN RESEARCH 2014年 1579卷 45-55页

作者： Beyersmann, Elisabeth Iakimova, Galina Ziegler, Johannes C. Cole, Pascale Aix Marseille Univ F-13331 Marseille 1 France CNRS Lab Psychol Cognit UMR 7290 F-75700 Paris France Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis Lab Antropol & Psychol Cognit & Sociales EA 7278 Nice France

Previous research has yielded conflicting results regarding the onset of semantic processing during morphological priming. The present study was designed to further explore the time-course of morphological processing using event-related potentials (ERPs). We conducted a primed lexical decision study comparing a morphological (LAVAGE - laver [washing - wash]), a semantic (LINGE - laver [laundry - wash]), an orthographic (LAVANDE - layer [lavender - wash]), and an unrelated control condition (HOSPICE - laver [nursing home - wash]), using the same targets across the four priming conditions. The behavioral data showed significant effects of morphological and semantic priming, with the magnitude of morphological priming being significantly larger than the magnitude of semantic priming. The ERP data revealed significant morphological but no semantic priming at 100-250 ms. Furthermore, a reduction of the N400 amplitude in the morphological condition compared to the semantic and orthographic condition demonstrates that the morphological priming effect was not entirely due to the semantic or orthographic overlap between the prime and the target. The present data reflect an early process of semantically blind morphological decomposition, and a later process of morpho-semantic decomposition, which we discuss in the context of recent morphological processing theories. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Morphological priming semantic processing Orthographic processing Lexical Decision N400 Visual word recognition Time course Language

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semantic processing of unattended meaning is modulated by additional task load: Evidence from electrophysiology

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COGNITIVE BRAIN RESEARCH 2005年第3期24卷 500-512页

作者： Hohlfeld, A Sommer, W Humboldt Univ Inst Psychol D-12489 Berlin Germany

Recently, we observed that the perception of word meaning, as measured with the N400 component of the event-related brain potential, is delayed but unimpaired by various additional tasks when the language task requires the processing of semantic properties of the word stimuli. In the present study, we assessed whether similar effects would be observed when the language task relates to acoustic rather than to semantic properties of the word stimuli. The N400 was elicited by synonymous and non-synonymous spoken noun pairs that were to be classified according to tone pitch. In a single task experiment, there was a small but clear synonymity effect in ERPs (N400), indicating the availability of word meaning to the semantic system. Additional processing load, imposed by an overlapping task, abolished N400 for all SOAs when stimulus-response assignments were incompatible. For compatible assignments, N400 amplitude was present but much attenuated at the longest SOA. We conclude that the availability of task-irrelevant meaning is modulated by additional task load and decay in short-term memory. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： attention semantic processing language perception N400 dual task

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semantic processing in native and second language: Evidence from hemispheric differences in fine and coarse semantic coding

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BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2012年第3期123卷 228-233页

作者： Faust, Miriam Ben-Artzi, Elisheva Vardi, Nili Kinneret Coll Dept Psychol Tzemach Israel Bar Ilan Univ Dept Psychol IL-52100 Ramat Gan Israel Bar Ilan Univ Gonda Brain Res Ctr IL-52100 Ramat Gan Israel

Previous studies suggest that whereas the left hemisphere (LH) is involved in fine semantic processing, the right hemisphere (RH) is uniquely engaged in coarse semantic coding including the. comprehension of distinct types of language such as figurative language, lexical ambiguity and verbal humor (e.g., Chiarello, 2003: Faust, 2012). The present study examined the patterns of hemispheric involvement in fine/coarse semantic processing in native and non-native languages using a split visual field priming paradigm. Thirty native Hebrew speaking students made lexical decision judgments of Hebrew and English target words preceded by strongly, weakly, or unrelated primes. Results indicated that whereas for Hebrew pairs, priming effect for the weakly-related word pairs was obtained only for RH presented target words, for English pairs, no priming effect for the weakly-related pairs emerged for either LH or RH presented targets, suggesting that coarse semantic coding is much weaker for a non-native than native language. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visual fields Hemispheres semantic processing semantic coding theory Second language Non-native language Priming

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semantic processing of open- and closed-class words:: an event-related potentials study

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COGNITIVE BRAIN RESEARCH 2001年第3期11卷 397-407页

作者： Hinojosa, JA Martín-Loeches, M Casado, P Muñoz, F Carretié, L Fernández-Frías, C Pozo, MA Univ Complutense Brain Mapping Unit Pluridisciplinary Inst E-28040 Madrid Spain Univ Complutense Dept Psicobiol E-28040 Madrid Spain Univ Autonoma Madrid Dept Psicol Biol & Salud Madrid Spain

Previous research on open- and closed-class words has revealed the existence of several differences in the processing of these types of vocabulary. In this paper the processing of open- and closed-class words was compared by means of an early electrical brain response, recognition potential (RP), which indexes semantic processing and originates from basal extrastriate areas. The effects of word frequency on closed-class words were also investigated. For these purposes, open- and dosed-class words, among other stimuli, were presented by means of the rapid stream stimulation procedure. Results showed that there were no significant differences when comparing the RP evoked by open- and closed-class words in the left hemisphere. However. in the right hemisphere this situation changed: the RP evoked by open- and closed-class words did differ. Moreover, there were no differences between the RP evoked by closed-class words and pseudowords, These patterns of results suggest that the semantic processing of closed-class words shares some aspects with the processing of open-class words. despite the existence of some differences. Thus, whereas the semantic processing of open-class words recruits brain areas of both hemispheres, the semantic processing of closed-class words is left-lateralized. A second purpose of this work is to study word-frequency effects on closed-class words. Our results show the insensitivity of closed-class words to word-frequency effects. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： event-related potential recognition potential open-class word closed-class word semantic processing

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semantic processing of metaphor: A case-study of deep dyslexia

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JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS 2019年 51卷 297-308页

作者： Al-Azary, Hamad McAuley, Tara Buchanan, Lori Katz, Albert N. Univ Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Univ Windsor Windsor ON Canada Univ Western Ontario London ON Canada

Deep dyslexia is characterized by the production of semantic errors (e.g., reading the word weird aloud as odd) during oral reading and greater difficulty reading aloud abstract words than concrete words. In this paper, we examine whether deep dyslexia affects higher-order semantic processing;namely, metaphor comprehension. To that end, we asked GL, a participant with deep dylexia, to rate novel metaphors (e.g., language is a bridge) for comprehensibility. The topics of the metaphors (e.g., "language" in the item above) varied on concreteness, such that they were either abstract or concrete. Also, the semantic neighbourhood density (SND) of the constituent nouns (e.g., "language", "bridge") was manipulated. In addition to metaphors, GL also rated literal (e.g., a gorilla is an ape) and semantically anomalous sentences (e.g., arrival is a shoestring). GL rated the literal sentences as maximally comprehensible and he also rated the abstract-low SND metaphors as comprehensible. However, other, more semantically rich metaphors (i.e., those with concrete constituents or high-SND constituents) were treated as non-comprehensible with ratings indistinguishable from ratings given to anomalous sentences. We discuss how GL's data align with models of deep dyslexia and metaphor processing.

关键词： Deep Dyslexia semantic processing Metaphor

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semantic processing of living and nonliving concepts across the cerebral hemispheres

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BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2005年第1期94卷 86-93页

作者： Pilgrim, LK Moss, HE Tyler, LK Northwestern Univ Dept Psychol Evanston IL 60208 USA Univ Cambridge Dept Expt Psychol Ctr Speech & Language Cambridge CB2 1TN England

Studies of patients with category-specific semantic deficits suggest that the right and left cerebral hemispheres may be differently involved in the processing of living and nonliving domains concepts. In this study, we investigate whether there are hemisphere differences in the semantic processing of these domains in healthy volunteers. Based on the neuropsychological findings, we predicted a disadvantage for nonliving compared to living concepts in the right hemisphere. Our prediction was supported, in that semantic decisions to nonliving concepts were significantly slower and more error-prone when presented to the right hemisphere. In contrast there were no hemisphere differences for living concepts. These findings are consistent with either differential representation or processing of concepts across right and left hemispheres. However, we also found a disadvantage for nonliving things compared to living things in the left hemisphere, which is not consistent with a simple representation account. We discuss these findings in terms of qualitatively different semantic processing in right and left hemispheres within the framework of a distributed model of conceptual representation. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： hemisphere differences semantic processing category-specific deficits

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semantic processing of emotional words in depression and schizophrenia

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 2010年第2期75卷 211-215页

作者： Klumpp, Heide Keller, Jennifer Miller, Gregory A. Casas, Brooks R. Best, Jennifer L. Deldin, Patricia J. Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Stanford Univ Sch Med Stanford CA 94305 USA Univ Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA Baylor Univ Waco TX 76798 USA Duke Univ Durham NC 27706 USA

Major depressive disorder is associated with dysfunction in brain regions involved in language and emotion processing. Despite evidence of emotion processing biases in depression, neurophysiological evidence of language dysfunction for emotional words in depression has been inconsistent. This series of three studies evaluated whether depressed individuals exhibited abnormal semantic processing of emotionally-valenced words. During the passive viewing of sentences with mood congruent and incongruent sentence endings, the N400 component of the event-related brain potential was measured in patients with depression, dysthymia, or schizophrenia and in healthy controls. In each study, results revealed normal semantic processing in depression. That is, N400 was similar for both mood-incongruent (positive and neutral) endings and mood-congruent (negative) endings. In contrast, the small sample of individuals with schizophrenia exhibited a significantly exaggerated N400 for negative word endings compared to the depressed and healthy control groups. These data suggest anomalies in semantic network interactions with emotion processing in schizophrenia. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Depression Schizophrenia semantic processing N400 Emotional words Biases ERP

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semantic processing in comatose patients with intact temporal lobes as reflected by the N400 event-related potential

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NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 2010年第2期474卷 88-92页

作者： Rama, Pia Relander-Syrjanen, Kristiina Ohman, Juha Laakso, Aki Naatanen, Risto Kujala, Teija Univ Helsinki Dept Psychol Cognit Brain Res Unit FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland Tampere Univ Hosp Dept Neurosurg Tampere Finland Univ Helsinki Cent Hosp Dept Neurosurg FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland Univ Tartu Dept Psychol Tartu Estonia Univ Turku Dept Psychol SF-20500 Turku Finland

The present study aimed at determining whether the N400 effect (an ERP index of semantic processing) for spoken words occurs in comatose patients. The patients, treated in an intensive care unit, scored less than 8 points in the glasgow coma score at the time of the recording. semantically related and unrelated spoken word pairs were delivered to patients through headphones at a rate of 1/3s. Patients with an intact temporal lobe exhibited differential N400-like responses for semantically related and unrelated word pairs, which suggests that word semantics can be processed even in the comatose state. In contrast, patients with an injured temporal lobe showed no such effect. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： semantic processing ERPs N400 Temporal lobes Comatose patients

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