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Using logistic regression to model the risk of sewer overflows triggered by compound flooding with application to sea level rise

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URBAN CLIMATE 2021年 35卷

作者： Meyers, Steven D. Landry, Shawn Beck, Marcus W. Luther, Mark E. Univ S Florida Coll Marine Sci St Petersburg FL 33701 USA Univ S Florida Water Inst Tampa FL 33620 USA Tampa Bay Estuary Program St Petersburg FL 33701 USA

Coastal wastewater and storm water systems can be overwhelmed during high precipitation events, particularly when compounded by high storm surge that blocks spillways and drainage ways. Sea level rise (SLR) brings increased risk of such compound flooding events, triggering sanitary sewer overflows (SSO) which release waste water into the local environment. A logistic regression model was developed to better predict this risk in southern Pinellas County, FL. Model variables were selected from 2000 to 2017 cumulative precipitation and coastal water levels using both objective and subjective criteria. The 2 day (P-2) and 90 day (P-90) cumulative precipitation, and 2 day water level maximum (W-2) were identified as significant predictors from the p-value of their model coefficients, but required an interaction term P-2*W-2 for model fidelity. The model correctly hindcasted all 6 identified SSOs from 2000 to 2017. SLR was represented by a range of values up to 0.5 m added to W-2. For a SLR of 0.5 m the number of SSO days increased by a factor of 42-52 and the number of individual events increased by a factor of similar to 15. Subtracting recent SLR from W-2 reduced the probability of some recent events, suggesting that SLR already is increasing the rate of SSOs.

关键词： sewer overflow Logistic regression Sea level rise Coastal resilience Compound flooding

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Optimal Sensor Placement in Smart sewer Systems Using Network Topology and Elevation

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JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 2025年第7期151卷

作者： Ninh, Thi Hai Duong Do, Nhu Cuong Zeng, Wei Lambert, Martin Francis Univ Adelaide Sch Architecture & Civil Engn Adelaide SA 5005 Australia

Smart sewer systems consisting of water level sensors can effectively detect overflow events that may present a threat to water quality, human health, and the environment. Designing the optimal layout of the sensor with the minimum number of sensors is essential to minimize the cost and maximize the coverage. This paper proposes a novel methodology to achieve the aim by combining genetic algorithms (GAs) with a blockage detection condition for sensor placements. The blockage detection condition that relies on network topology and elevation information is used to identify the pipe coverage capacity of possible sensor locations. This information serves as input data for the optimization process, which utilizes a GA to identify the optimal sensor placement. The effectiveness of the methodology is verified through its applications to two real gravity sanitary sewer systems with distinct network topologies and elevation information. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively determine the optimal number and placement of sensors required to cover the entire sewer systems throughout multiple investment phases. This contributes to enhancing the effectiveness of investment strategies for smart sewer systems.

关键词： sewer overflow Blockage detection Smart sewer system Sensor location Network topology and elevation Optimization

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Wastewater micropollutants as tracers of sewage contamination: analysis of combined sewer overflow and stream sediments

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014年第10期16卷 2442-2450页

作者： Hajj-Mohamad, M. Aboulfadl, K. Darwano, H. Madoux-Humery, A. -S. Guerineau, H. Sauve, S. Prevost, M. Dorner, S. Polytech Montreal Canada Res Chair Source Water Protect Dept Civil Geol & Min Engn Montreal PQ H3C 3A7 Canada Polytech Montreal NSERC Ind Chair Drinking Water Treatment Dept Civil Geol & Min Engn Montreal PQ H3C 3A7 Canada Univ Montreal Dept Chem Montreal PQ H3C 3J7 Canada

A sensitive method was developed to measure the sediment concentration of 10 wastewater micropollutants selected as potential sanitary tracers of sewage contamination and include: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen - ACE and diclofenac - DIC), an anti-epileptic drug (carbamazepine - CBZ), a beta-blocker (atenolot - ATL), a stimulant (caffeine - CAF), a bronchoditator (theophylline - THEO), steroid hormones (progesterone - PRO and medroxyprogesterone - MedP), an artificial sweetener (aspartame - APM) and personal care products (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide - DEET). Natural sediments (combined sewer overflow and stream sediments) were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by solid-phase extraction. Analyses were performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation in positive mode (APCl+) with a total analysis time of 4.5 min. Method detection limits were in the range of 0.01 to 15 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw) for the compounds of interest, with recoveries ranging from 75% to 156%. Matrix effects were observed for some compounds, never exceeding vertical bar +/- 18%vertical bar. All results displayed a good degree of reproducibility and repeatability, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 23% for all compounds. The method was applied to an investigation of stream and combined sewer overflow sediment samples that differed in organic carbon contents and particle size distributions. Acetaminophen, caffeine and theophylline (as confounded with paraxanthine) were ubiquitously detected at 0.13-22 ng g(-1) dw in stream bed sediment samples and 98-427 ng g(-1) dw in combined sewer overflow sediment samples. Atenolot (80.5 ng g(-1) dw) and carbamazepine (54 ng g(-1) dw) were quantified only in combined sewer overflow sediment samples. The highest concentrations were recorded for DEET (14 ng g(-1) dw) and progesterone (11.5 ng g(-1) dw) in st

关键词： paraxanthine Sediment concentration sewer overflow stream sediment micropollutant Streambeds Sediment samples tracers

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How much water is stolen by sewers? Estimating watershed-level inflow and infiltration throughout a metropolitan area

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JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 2022年 614卷

作者： Diem, Jeremy E. Pangle, Luke A. Milligan, Richard A. Adams, Ellis A. Georgia State Univ Dept Geosci Atlanta GA 30302 USA Univ Notre Dame Keough Sch Global Affairs Notre Dame IN 46556 USA

Human activities can have substantial impacts on watersheds, yet a major but understudied impact on many urban watersheds is the inflow and infiltration (I&I) of water into sewage infrastructure. I&I is important, because it is a major cause of sewer overflows, increases wastewater treatment plant costs, and reduces base flows of urban streams. Unfortunately, I&I information is deficient at the watershed scale. Therefore, this study uses a water-budget approach to quantify the magnitude of I&I for 90 watersheds in the Atlanta, Georgia USA region during 2013-2020. I&I for each watershed is calculated by subtracting outflows (i.e., stream discharge, water withdrawn by public water systems, and actual evapotranspiration (AET)) from inflows (i.e., precipitation, water-supply pipe leakage, and non-I&I effluent from wastewater treatment plants). Included in the AET estimates is irrigation water from public water systems and water withdrawals for agriculture. Results show that I&I is a major contributor to the total outflow in urban watersheds. The mean annual I&I total for the 15 most urbanized watersheds is 138 mm, constituting 25% of stream discharge. The mean annual I&I total from the watersheds with the five highest totals is 216 mm, which is 40% of stream discharge. These annual I&I totals align well with totals calculated for urban catchments in Europe, where most of the previous research has been conducted. Regression analyses show that the density of older housing, which is a proxy for deteriorating sewage infrastructure, is the most important predictor of I&I across the Atlanta region. Despite the uncertainties in estimating annual totals for all components, especially AET for urban watersheds, of the water budget, we conclude that estimating I&I using the water-budget approach is a useful initial approach to estimating I&I throughout a region.

关键词： Water budget I&I Actual evapotranspiration Piped flows sewer overflow Southeastern United States

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Particle -attached riverine bacteriome shifts in a pollutant -resistant and pathogenic community during a Mediterranean extreme storm event

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020年 732卷 139047-139047页

作者： Noyer, Megane Reoyo-Prats, Brice Aubert, Dominique Bernard, Maria Verneau, Olivier Palacios, Carmen Univ Perpignan CEFREM UMR5110 Via Domitia F-66860 Perpignan France CNRS CEFREM UMR5110 F-66860 Perpignan France Univ Paris Saclay GABI AgroParisTech INRAE F-78350 Jouy En Josas France INRAE SIGENAE F-78350 Jouy En Josas France North West Univ Unit Environm Sci & Management ZA-2520 Potchefstroom South Africa

Rivers are representative of the overall contamination found in their catchment area. Contaminant concentrations in watercourses depend on numerous factors including land use and rainfall events. Globally, in Mediterranean regions, rainstorms are at the origin of fluvial multipollution phenomena as a result of Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and floods. Large loads of urban-associated microorganisms, including faecal bacteria, are released from CSOs which place public health - as well as ecosystems - at risk. The impacts of freshwater contamination on river ecosystems have not yet been adequately addressed, as is the case for the release of pollutant mixtures linked to extreme weather events. In this context, microbial communities provide critical ecosystem services as they are the only biological compartment capable of degrading or transforming pollutants. Through the use of 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding of environmental DNA at different seasons and during a flood event in a typical Mediterranean coastal river, we show that the impacts of multipollution phenomena on structural shifts in the particle-attached riverine bacteriome were greater than those of seasonality. Key players were identified via multivariate statistical modelling combined with network module eigengene analysis. These included species highly resistant to pollutants as well as pathogens. Their rapid response to contaminant mixtures makes them ideal candidates as potential early biosignatures of multipollution stress. Multiple resistance gene transfer is likely enhanced with drastic consequences for the environment and human-health, particularly in a scenario of intensification of extreme hydrological events.

关键词： Microbial ecotoxicology Water quality Multipollution phenomena Coastal Mediterranean rivers sewer overflow Multiple stressors

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DISASTERS, FINANCES, NUTRIENTS, AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE FOR WATERLESS SANITATION SYSTEMS

DISASTERS, FINANCES, NUTRIENTS, AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE F...

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作者： Smith, Ryan A. Naval Postgraduate School

学位级别：硕士

The practice of sewering (transporting with underground pipes) human excreta began in in the mid-1800s and propelled the United States into the current wastewater paradigm. Water is the key element of wastewater conveyance, treatment, and disposal/reuse systems. Although this process has arguably improved quality of life, extending it to manage human excreta with water is becoming problematic due to water's increasing scarcity, mounting costs, contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, and deleterious environmental effects. This thesis sought to answer the following central research question: To what extent would an alternative means of managing human excreta benefit homeland security? Through appreciative inquiry and structured interviews with human subjects, research revealed that a method known as container-based sanitation has applications in multiple contexts. Container-based sanitation is rapidly deployable, scalable, and can be used in any situation in which traditional wastewater systems are nonoperable or nonexistent, such as disaster recovery, homelessness, and temporary encampments such as refugee camps or military bases.

关键词： wastewater container-based sanitation emergency management excreta open defecation compost greenhouse gas sewer overflow peak phosphorous pollution homeless disasters humanure greywater carbon sequestration day zero biosolids

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Ribbed mussel in an urban waterway filters bacteria introduced by sewage

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MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020年第PartB期161卷 111629-111629页

作者： Durand, Sarah E. Niespor, Robert Ador, Aldrin Govinda, Nirmela Candia, Marta Torres, Katherine CUNY Dept Nat Sci Environm Sci Grp LaGuardia Community Coll 31-10 Thomson Ave Long Isl City NY 11101 USA CUNY City Coll Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci 160 Convent Ave New York NY 10031 USA CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll Dept Earth Environm & Geospatial Sci 250 Bedford Pk Blvd West Bronx NY 10468 USA CUNY Brooklyn Coll Dept Earth & Environm Sci 2900 Bedford Ave Brooklyn NY 11210 USA CUNY Brooklyn Coll Dept Biol New Sci Bldg65-30 Kissena Blvd Queens NY 11367 USA CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll Dept Biol Sci 250 Bedford Pk Blvd West Bronx NY 10468 USA

The ribbed mussel has been demonstrated to tolerate high levels of urban pollution and inhabits intertidal regions of the New York City estuary. The ability of this bivalve to filter bacteria raises the question of whether it can remove from the water column the fecal bacteria introduced to urban waterways by septic system leakage or sewer overflow. The study here addresses the hypothesis that ribbed mussel filters bacteria introduced by combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharge. Mussels and water were collected from a highly polluted region of the NYC estuary in order to conduct two sets of five trials for filtration of coliform and coccoid fecal indicator bacteria, respectively, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species. Mussels and water samples were collected in proximity to a major CSO outfall within 1-2 days of a rainfall event to ensure high baseline values of bacterial contamination for filtration trials. For any given Enterococcus or E. coli trial, equal volume water samples were serially distributed across aerated tanks either containing a mussel or not. Comparison of with-mussel versus no mussel tank water contamination across pooled trials showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in water exposed to mussel filtration for both, Enterococcus and E. coli trials. For Enterococcus trials, measures of turbidity (suspended particle density) were taken concurrently with measures of bacterial contamination. Regression of contamination against turbidity, with measures standardized across trials, yielded a significant positive association (n = 50, P < 0.0001) across all tank water with a mussel. Thus, contamination reduction was associated with particle removal by mussel filtration.

关键词： Ribbed mussel Filtration Fecal indicator Bacteria sewer overflow Zooremediation

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Generalizing multi-reward functions aimed at identifying the best locations to install flow control devices in sewer systems

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URBAN WATER JOURNAL 2019年第8期16卷 564-574页

作者： Munoz, David F. Simoes, Nuno E. de Sousa, Luis M. Maluf, Lucas Marques, Alfeu Sa Leitao, Joao P. Univ Alabama Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Univ Coimbra Dept Civil Engn INESCC Coimbra Portugal ISRIC World Soil Informat Wageningen Netherlands Univ Coimbra Dept Civil Engn Coimbra Portugal Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol Eawag Dubendorf Switzerland

Multi-criteria decision models have been recently implemented in many urban flood risk management schemes due to the increasing demand of low-cost and reliable solutions to prevent and control overflow from sewer systems. Based on specific targets, these decision models encompass multiple reward (or objective) functions according to socio-economic requirements, vulnerability assessments and physical constraints on existing sewer systems. In this study, we present a simple algorithm to generalize reward functions aimed at locating the best sites to install in-sewer flow control devices, and thus controlling sewer overflow. The algorithm uses the mathematical structure of reward functions previously established, and adjust them based on hydraulic simulation results of two real sewer networks. Our results indicate that a single generalized reward function can efficiently identify strategic locations to guarantee (i) maximum in-sewer storage, (ii) minimum impact of possible flow control device failures and (iii) maximum flow discharge reduction upstream flood-prone urban areas.

关键词： Urban flood control in-sewer flow control device multi-criteria decision models sewer overflow reward function Spearman rank correlation coefficient

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Hydraulic modeling and deep learning based flow forecasting for optimizing inter catchment wastewater transfer

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JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 2018年 567卷 792-802页

作者： Zhang, Duo Holland, Erlend Skullestad Lindholm, Geir Ratnaweera, Harsha Norwegian Univ Life Sci Fac Sci & Technol N-1432 As Norway Rosim AS Brobekkveien 80 N-0582 Oslo Norway

sewer overflow is a priority concern for many cities. Owing to the high density of buildings and populations, constructing new storage tanks in urban areas is getting more and more difficult. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel Inter Catchment Wastewater Transfer (ICWT) method for sewer overflow mitigation. The ICWT method aims at redistributing the spatial mismatched sewer flow according to the treatment capacity of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Three tasks are involved in the development of ICWT. First, test the effectiveness of ICWT. Second, study how to properly redistribute inflow to the WWTP. Third, the operation of ICWT highly depends on inflow to the WWTP, to support the management of ICWT, it is imperative to construct a flow rate prediction model. A hydraulic model is used for task 1 and 2, individual and combined effects of the storage tank and ICWT on sewer overflow are investigated. The simulation results show that less overflow is obtained. In considering the deficiencies of hydraulic model, one of the most promising deep learning techniques, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), is employed to undertake task 3. Experiments demonstrated that LSTM could be of great use in predicting sewer flow. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inter Catchment Wastewater Transfer sewer overflow Long Short-Term Memory Deep learning

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Validation of 2D shock capturing flood models around a surcharging manhole

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URBAN WATER JOURNAL 2017年第9期14卷 892-899页

作者： Martins, R. Kesserwani, G. Rubinato, M. Lee, S. Leandro, J. Djordjevic, S. Shucksmith, J. D. Univ Sheffield Dept Civil & Struct Engn Sheffield S Yorkshire England Univ Coimbra Dept Civil Engn MARE Marine & Environm Sci Ctr FCT Coimbra Portugal Univ Coimbra IMAR Inst Marine Res FCT Coimbra Portugal APEC Climate Ctr Climate Applicat Dept Busan South Korea Tech Univ Munich Dept Civil Geo & Environm Engn Chair Hydrol & River Basin Management Munich Germany Univ Exeter Ctr Water Syst Exeter Devon England

This work offers a detailed validation of finite volume (FV) flood models in the case where horizontal floodplain flow is affected by sewer surcharge flow via a manhole. The FV numerical solution of the 2D shallow water equations is considered based on two approximate Riemann solvers, HLLC and Roe, on both quadrilateral structured and triangular unstructured mesh-types. The models are validated against a high resolution experimental data-set obtained using a physical model of a sewer system linked to a floodplain via a manhole. It was verified that the sensitivity of the models is inversely proportional to the surcharged flow/surface inflow ratio, and therefore requires more calibration from the user especially when concerned with localised modelling of sewer-to-floodplain flow. Our findings provide novel evidence that shock capturing FV-based flood models are applicable to simulate localised sewer-to-floodplain flow interaction.

关键词： Floodplain flow sewer overflow dual drainage experiments approximate Riemann solvers shallow water equations quadrilateral vs triangular meshes

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