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Adaptive context-based arithmetic coding of arbitrary contour maps

IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2001年第1期8卷 4-6页

作者： Pinho, AJ Univ Aveiro Dept Elect & Telecomunicacoes P-3800 Aveiro Portugal Univ Aveiro Inst Engn Elect & Telemat Aveiro P-3800 Aveiro Portugal

An efficient technique for encoding arbitrary contours is presented. It is based on the concept of transition point of a contour map and relies on a new four-symbol adaptive context-based arithmetic encoder (CAE) that calculates contexts in the (binary) domain of the contour map. The results obtained with this new technique applied to the compression of image partitions are substantially better than those previously attained, showing a clear superiority over adaptive CAE-based differential chain coding and also over the MPEG-4 shape coder.

关键词： chain coding contour coding partition coding region-based image coding shape coding transition points

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coding tools in MPEG-4 for interlaced video

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2000年第5期10卷 755-766页

作者： Panusopone, K Chen, XM Eifrig, R Luthra, A Gen Instrument Adv Technol Dept San Diego CA 92121 USA

Recent developments in digital video compression, transmission, and displays have made object-based video viable for many applications, e.g., coding chroma-keyed video for digital TV and manipulating video objects on interactive multimedia terminals, etc. To facilitate these applications, there is a demand on international standards for coding methods and transmission formats for object-based natural and synthetic video, For the past few years, the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) of the International Standards Organization (ISO), which successfully created the MPEG-1/2 standards, has been working to establish a new standard, called MPEG-4. MPEG-4 will provide standardized technological elements enabling the integration of the production, distribution, and content-access paradigms in four fields: wireless communication, digital TV interactive graphics, and the World Wide Web. To meet the needs of interlaced video applications, MPEG-4 video adopted interlaced coding tools similar to those in MPEG-2 and features schemes to code multiple video objects. This paper provides an overview of MPEG-4 interlaced coding tools, and focuses in detail on the new shape and texture-coding algorithms for interlaced video.

关键词： field motion-compensation interlaced scan MPEG-4 shape coding

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Context-based coding of bilevel images enhanced by digital straight line analysis

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2006年第8期15卷 2120-2130页

作者： Aghito, Shankar Manuel Forchhammer, Soren Tech Univ Denmark Res Ctr COM DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

A new efficient compression scheme for bilevel images containing locally straight edges is presented. This paper is especially focused on lossless (intra) coding of binary shapes for image and video objects, but other images with similar characteristics such as line drawings, layers of digital maps, or segmentation maps are also encoded efficiently. The algorithm is not targeted at document images with text, which can be coded efficiently with dictionary-based techniques as in JBIG2. The scheme is based on a local analysis of the digital straightness of the causal part of the object boundary, which is used in the context definition for arithmetic encoding. Tested on individual images of standard TV resolution binary shapes and the binary layers of a digital map, the proposed algorithm outperforms PWC, JBIG, JBIG2, and MPEG-4 CAE. On the binary shapes, the code lengths are reduced by 21%, 27 %, 28 %, and 41 %, respectively. On the map layers, the reductions are 31 %, 34 %, 32 %, and 64 %, respectively. The algorithm is also more efficient on the test material than the state-of-the-art generic bilevel image coder free tree.

关键词： digital straight line segments map coding MPEG-4 object-based video coding shape coding

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A coding technique for the contours in smoothly perfect eight-connectivity based on two-stage motion compensation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 1999年第1期9卷 59-69页

作者： Cho, SH Kim, RC Oh, SS Lee, SU Seoul Natl Univ Sch Elect Engn Signal Proc Lab Seoul 151742 South Korea Hansung Univ Sch Informat & Comp Engn Seoul South Korea

In this paper, a new contour-coding technique for object-oriented video coding is proposed. In our approach, the two-stage motion compensation technique is considered, in order to cope with the rather complex motion of the object. While the object-based motion compensation is performed in the first stage, the second-stage motion compensation is carried out to search the best match of the contours, which are not motion compensated in the first stage. Also, by introducing the notion of the error band, the current contours can be properly fitted to the motion-compensated contours using the interframe relationship of the contours, In addition, an efficient technique for encoding the contours, simplified by the majority filter, is also proposed. From the simulation result, it is shown that the proposed technique provides better performance than the content-based arithmetic encoding, especially when lossy encoding is allowed, Moreover, by varying the width N of the error band, it is shown that the bit amount for the shape information can be adjusted according to the channel condition.

关键词： contour coding object-oriented coding shape coding

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OBJECT-BASED ANALYSIS-SYNTHESIS coding BASED ON THE SOURCE MODEL OF MOVING RIGID 3D OBJECTS

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 1994年第2期6卷 143-161页

作者： OSTERMANN, J Institut für Theoretische Nachrichtentechnik und Informationsverarbeitung Universittät Hannover Appelstraße 9A D-30167 Hannover 1 Germany

The topic of investigation was object-based analysis-synthesis coding (OBASC) using the source model of 'moving rigid 3D objects' for the encoding of moving images at very low data rates. According to the coding concept, each moving object of an image is described and encoded by three parameter sets defining its motion, shape and surface color. The parameter sets of each object are obtained by image analysis. They are coded using an object-dependent parameter coding. Using the coded parameter sets, an image can be synthesized by model-based image synthesis. In comparison to block-based hybrid coding, OBASC requires the additional transmission of shape parameters. The transmission of shape information avoids the mosquito and block artifacts of a block-based coder. Furthermore, important areas such as facial areas can be reconstructed with a significant image quality improvement. OBASC based on the source models of 'moving flexible 2D objects' and of 'moving rigid 3D objects' gives almost identical image quality for the same data rate. Therefore the use of more advanced source models like flexible 3D objects or 3D face models is expected to further improve image quality.

关键词： OBJECT-BASED IMAGE coding ANALYSIS-SYNTHESIS coding VIDEOPHONE 3D MOTION ESTIMATION IMAGE ANALYSIS PARAMETER coding shape coding MPEG-4

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A layered video object coding system using sprite and affine motion model

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 1997年第1期7卷 130-145页

作者： Lee, MC Chen, WG Lin, CLB Gu, C Markoc, T Zabinsky, SI Szeliski, R Microsoft Corporation Redmond WA USA

A layered video object coding system is presented in this paper. The goal is to improve video coding efficiency by exploiting the layering of video and to support content-based functionality. These two objectives are accomplished using a sprite technique and an affine motion model on a per-object basis. Several novel algorithms have been developed far mask professing and coding, trajectory coding, sprite accretion and coding, locally affine motion compensation, error signal suppression, and image padding, Compared with conventional frame-based coding methods, better experimental results on both hybrid and natural scenes have been obtained using our coding scheme. We also demonstrate content-based functionality which can be easily achieved in our system.

关键词： affine motion model image padding layered video object coding MPEG-4 scalability shape coding sprite coding

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Enhanced Frame-based Video coding to Support Content-based Functionalities

Enhanced Frame-based Video Coding to Support Content-based F...

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Conference of the World-Academy-of-Science-Engineering-and-Technology

作者： Hosur, Prabhudev Carrasco, Rolando

ISBN: (纸本)9759845849

This paper presents the enhanced frame-based video coding scheme. The input source video to the enhanced frame-based video encoder consists of a rectangular-size video and shapes of arbitrarily-shaped objects on video frames. The rectangular frame texture is encoded by the conventional frame-based coding technique and the video object's shape is encoded using the contour-based vertex coding. It is possible to achieve several useful content-based functionalities by utilizing the shape information in the bitstream at the cost of a very small overhead to the bitrate.

关键词： Video coding content-based hypervideo interactivity shape coding polygon

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coding of arbitrarily shaped objects using pace code

Coding of arbitrarily shaped objects using pace code

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1st International Workshop on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (IWISPA 2000) in conjunction with the 22nd International Conf on Informat Technol Interfaces

作者： Wu, HT Chang, YK Hsieh, CH I Shou Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Kaohsiung 84008 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9539676924

Pace code, a new technique for the shape coding in object-based image technology is presented in this article. It is a lossless, contour-based scheme in which contour pels on the shape contour curve are encoded directly. Similar to the well-known chain code, our method encodes the spatial relation between pels on the neighboring shape contour curve, but it uses a concept called pace which records the relationship differently. Experiment result shows that the proposed algorithm has the best coding efficiency among most contour-based schemes and requires low coding computation.

关键词： shape coding pace code chain code differential chain code

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BLOCK-ADAPTIVE PALETTE-BASED PREDICTION FOR DEPTH MAP coding

BLOCK-ADAPTIVE PALETTE-BASED PREDICTION FOR DEPTH MAP CODING

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18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Shimizu, Shinya Kimata, Hideaki Sugimoto, Shiori Matsuura, Norihiko NTT Corp NTT Cyber Space Labs Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781457713033

This paper proposes a novel prediction scheme for depth map coding. We utilize the fact that depth values are largely dependent on objects and one small block consists of only a small number of objects at most. The proposed method approximates each block with one palette and one object shape map. The palette consists of two representative depth values for foreground object and background object in the target block. The object shape map expresses which object exists at each pixel. These data are encoded only at the blocks where the proposed method is used. In order to reduce the bitrates required to transfer palettes and object shape maps, the proposed method enables their prediction by utilizing spatial and temporal correlations. Experiments are conducted on three kinds of depth maps;estimated from multiview images, captured by special sensors, and generated by computer. The results show that the proposed method reduces the bitrate by up to 40% and about 20% on average for 13 sequences relative to the MPEG-4 AVC/H.264

关键词： Depth map coding palette-based prediction shape coding 3D video

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Methodologies used for evaluation of video tools and algorithms in MPEG-4

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 1997年第4期9卷 343-365页

作者： Ostermann, J AT&T Labs — Research 101 Crawfords Corner Rd Holmdel NJ 07733-3030 USA

MPEG-4 issued two calls for proposals requesting submission of algorithms and tools relevant to standardization of MPEG-4. This paper reports on the evaluation of tools submitted for evaluation in November 1995 and January 1996. Complete video coding schemes submitted in January 1996 are also covered. The goal of the evaluation was to cluster the tools according to the technical areas they address, to evaluate them according to the issues relevant to the standardization process, and finally to suggest areas of core experiments to improve a video verification model (VM) as soon as the VM becomes available. Altogether, MPEG evaluated 87 tools and 19 complete coding algorithms, most of them highlighted in this paper. During the evaluation, 19 areas for core experiments were identified. Each core experiment is targeted at different functionalities like compression efficiency, content-based coding, error resilience, scalability. This definition of core experiments caused close collaboration and supported mutual fertilization between organizations working on similar tools, which allowed the VM to progress much faster than expected. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： MPEG-4 video coding shape coding wavelets mosaicking standardization motion estimation

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