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Improving comprehension in adolescents with severe receptive language impairments: a randomized control trial of intervention for coordinating conjunctions

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2014年第1期49卷 30-48页

作者： Ebbels, Susan H. Maric, Natasa Murphy, Aoife Turner, Gail UCL Div Psychol & Language Sci London England

BackgroundLittle evidence exists for the effectiveness of therapy for children with receptive language difficulties, particularly those whose difficulties are severe and persistent. AimsTo establish the effectiveness of explicit speech and language therapy with visual support for secondary school-aged children with language impairments focusing on comprehension of coordinating conjunctions in a randomized control trial with an assessor blind to group status. Methods & ProceduresFourteen participants (aged 11;3-16;1) with severe RELI (mean standard scores: CELF4 ELS = 48, CELF4 RLS = 53 and TROG-2 = 57), but higher non-verbal (Matrices = 83) and visual perceptual skills (Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (TVPS) = 86) were randomly assigned to two groups: therapy versus waiting controls. In Phase 1, the therapy group received eight 30-min individual sessions of explicit teaching with visual support (shape coding) with their usual SLT. In Phase 2, the waiting controls received the same therapy. The participants' comprehension was tested pre-, post-Phase 1 and post-Phase 2 therapy on (1) a specific test of the targeted conjunctions, (2) the TROG-2 and (3) a test of passives. Outcomes & ResultsAfter Phase 1, the therapy group showed significantly more progress than the waiting controls on the targeted conjunctions (d = 1.6) and overall TROG-2 standard score (d = 1.4). The two groups did not differ on the passives test. After Phase 2, the waiting controls made similar progress to those in the original therapy group, who maintained their previous progress. Neither group showed progress on passives. When the two groups were combined, significant progress was found on the specific conjunctions (d = 1.3) and TROG-2 raw (d = 1.1) and standard scores (d = 0.9). Correlations showed no measures taken (including Matrices and TVPS) correlated significantly with progress on the targeted conjunctions or the TROG-2. Conclusions & ImplicationsFour hours of shape coding therapy led to si

关键词： intervention randomized control trial language impairment language disorder receptive language shape coding adolescents

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Selective IT neurons are selective along many dimensions

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2016年第3期115卷 1512-1520页

作者： Zhivago, Kalathupiriyan A. Arun, S. P. Indian Inst Sci Ctr Neurosci Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India

Our visual abilities are unsurpassed because of a sophisticated code for objects located in the inferior temporal (IT) cortex. This code has remained a mystery because IT neurons show extremely diverse shape selectivity with no apparent organizing principle. Here, we show that there is an intrinsic component to selectivity in IT neurons. We tested IT neurons on distinct shapes and their parametric variations and asked whether neurons selective along one dimension were also selective along others. Selective neurons responded to fewer shapes and were narrowly tuned to local variations of these shapes, both along arbitrary morph lines and along variations in size, position, or orientation. For a subset of neurons, selective neurons were selective for both shape and texture. Finally, selective neurons were also more invariant in that they preserved their shape preferences across changes in size, position, and orientation. These observations indicate that there is an intrinsic constraint on the sharpness of tuning for the features coded by each IT neuron, making it always sharply tuned or always broadly tuned along all dimensions. We speculate that this may be an organizing principle throughout visual cortex.

关键词： inferotemporal cortex monkey object recognition selectivity shape coding

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ENHANCED FRAME-BASED VIDEO coding TO SUPPORT CONTENT-BASED FUNCTIONALITIES

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND APPLICATIONS 2006年第2期6卷 161-175页

作者： Hosur, Prabhudev Carrasco, Rolando ClearCube Technol 8834 Capital Texas Highway North Austin TX 78759 USA Newcastle Univ Sch Elect Elect & Comp Engn Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU Tyne & Wear England

This paper presents the enhanced frame-based video coding scheme. The input source video to the enhanced frame-based video encoder consists of a rectangular-sized video and shapes of arbitrarily shaped objects on video frames. The rectangular frame texture is encoded by the conventional frame-based coding technique and the video object's shape is encoded using the contour-based vertex coding. It is possible to achieve several useful content-based functionalities by utilizing the shape information in the bitstream at the cost of a very small overhead to the bit-rate.

关键词： Video coding content-based hypervideo user interactivity shape coding polygonal approximation

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Visual feature discrimination versus compression ratio for polygonal shape descriptors

Visual feature discrimination versus compression ratio for p...

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Conference on International Multimedia Management Systems

作者： Heuer, J Sanahuja, F Kaup, A Siemens Corp Technol Informat & Commun D-81730 Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819438758

In the last decade several methods for low level indexing of visual features appeared. Most often these were evaluated with respect to their discrimination power using measures like precision and recall. Accordingly, the targeted application was indexing of visual data within databases. During the standardization process of MPEG-7 the view on indexing of visual data changed, taking also communication aspects into account where coding efficiency is important. Even if the descriptors used for indexing are small compared to the size of images, it is recognized that there can be several descriptors linked to an image, characterizing different features and regions. Beside the importance of a small memory footprint for the transmission of the descriptor and the memory footprint in a database, eventually the search and filtering can be speed up by reducing the dimensionality of the descriptor if the metric of the matching can be adjusted. Based on a polygon shape descriptor presented for MPEG-7 this paper compares the discrimination power versus memory consumption of the descriptor. Different methods based on quantization are presented and their effect on the retrieval performance are measured. Finally an optimized computation of the descriptor is presented.

关键词： image retrieval shape retrieval shape coding descriptor coding MPEG-7

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Hardware support for shape decoding from 2D-region-based image representations

Hardware support for shape decoding from 2D-region-based ima...

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Conference on Multimedia Hardware Architectures 1997

作者： Privat, G LeHin, I France-Telecom Grenoble (France)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424323

Graphics systems have long been using standard libraries or APIs to insulate applications from implementation specifics. The same approach is applicable to natural image representations based on object primitives, such as proposed for MPEG4 standardization. The rendering of these image objects can be hidden behind APIs and supported either in hardware or software, depending on the level of representation they address, so that higher-level manipulation of these objects is made independent of the pixel level, We evaluate the trade-offs involved in the choice of these primitives to be used as pivotal intermediate representations. The example addressed is shape coding for image regions obtained from segmentation. shape coding primitives based on either contour (chain codes), union of elementary patterns and alpha-plane are evaluated with regard to both the possibility to support them on different architecture models and the level of functionalities they make available.

关键词： image representation segmentation shape coding API parallel image processing

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Efficient implementation of MPEG-4 object-based video encoder

Efficient implementation of MPEG-4 object-based video encode...

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IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics

作者： Sun, L Zhang, WJ Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Inst Image Commun & Informat Proc Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0780385268

This paper presents the efficient software-based implementation of MPEG-4 video en coder for coding the arbitrarily shaped video objects on a single-processor PC. This video encoder conforms to the Core Profile@Level 2 of MEPG-4 visual. The novel coding tools supporting for object based coding will much increase the computational burden in comparison with conventional frame-based video coding system. In order to process these extra computational tasks effectively, design techniques on algorithms have to be addressed. The fast algorithms used for shape and texture coding are discussed in detail in this paper. To enhance the computation speed, we also harness Intel's MMX (MultiMedia eXtension) technology to implement some algorithms in an SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) stream operation type within the same processor.

关键词： MPEG-4 shape coding video encoder

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Fast hybrid block/region-based algorithm for object tracking

Fast hybrid block/region-based algorithm for object tracking

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Conference on Video Techniques and Software for Full-Service Networks

作者： Jordan, F Schutz, M Kunt, M Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Switzerland)

ISBN: (纸本)0819423173

This paper presents a technique to segment and track a region of interest in a video sequence. The presented technique starts with a spatio-temporal contour extraction. This contour extraction is performed by mixing information from a spatial gradient and a temporal differentiator. A block segmentation is then applied on the image, and within each block the contour part is approximated by a straight line segment. These contour approximations are then further quantized by a vector quantization technique, using a predefined codebook. In order to close and smooth the region of interest contour, an interpolation based on Hermite polynomials is performed on the set of discrete quantized contour parts. Finally, the tracking process is performed using an addition-removal. of blocks containing contour pacts by testing their possible belonging to the polynomial contour. This testing is done by using a blurred version of the polynomial contour in order to be able to track deformations in the object. The initial guess for tracking is given manually by an end-user.

关键词： contour extraction, quantization, and interpolation block based tracking deformable objects supervised segmentation hermite polynomials shape coding video processing

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Combining implicit and explicit intervention approaches to target grammar in young children with Developmental Language Disorder

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CHILD LANGUAGE TEACHING & THERAPY 2018年第2期34卷 171-189页

作者： Calder, Samuel D. Claessen, Mary Leitao, Suze Dept Educ Perth WA Australia Curtin Univ Sch Psychol & Speech Pathol Perth WA Australia

Children with Developmental Language Disorder are likely to experience difficulties with morphosyntax, especially regular past tense marking. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of intervention to improve morphosyntax in young school-aged children with DLD. This study investigated the efficacy of combined explicit and implicit intervention techniques delivered by a speech pathologist to improve receptive and expressive grammar, including the use of past tense morphosyntax, using a multiple baseline single case experimental design. Participants were aged six to seven years and received two 1:1 45 minute sessions per week for five weeks (total 7.5 hours) using shape coding intervention techniques combined with implicit approaches. Two of the three participants made statistically significant gains on standardized tests of general receptive and expressive grammar. Two of the three children made statistically significant improvement on measures of expressive morphosyntax, with one participant continuing to improve five weeks post treatment. Findings suggest that this approach was efficacious. These findings warrant further investigation using larger group comparison research studies.

关键词： developmental language disorder grammar intervention morphosyntax shape coding

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Spatial shape Error Concealment Utilising Image Texture

Spatial Shape Error Concealment Utilising Image Texture

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6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)

作者： Sohel, F. Bennamoun, M. Hahn, M. Univ Western Australia Sch Comp Sci & Software Engn Nedlands WA 6009 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424487554

In applications where shape is used as metadata to describe image and video content, image dependent techniques exhibit superior error concealment performance compared to the traditional MPEG-4 like image-independent techniques. The image corresponding to a particular shape may not be readily known at the decoder and rather needs to be retrieved from of a set of images. This paper presents a novel shape error concealment technique utilising image texture (SECI) that investigates image matching techniques based on partial-shapes and use the obtained image for error concealment. Iterative closest point, independent component analysis and the modified Hausdorff distance algorithms are used to establish the corresponding image to the shape. The rubberband contour detecting function is employed in the core of the error concealment process. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique and corroborate the superior performance of the new SECI technique compared with established shape-based concealment techniques. http://***/stamp/***?arnumber=5975592

关键词： Error concealment shape coding video coding image processing

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shape ERROR CONCEALMENT BASED ON A shape-PRESERVING BOUNDARY APPROXIMATION

SHAPE ERROR CONCEALMENT BASED ON A SHAPE-PRESERVING BOUNDARY...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Tsiligianni, Evaggelia Kondi, Lisimachos P. Katsaggelos, Aggelos K. Univ Ioannina Dept Comp Sci GR-45110 Ioannina Greece Northwestern Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Evanston IL 60208 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479948

In error-prone communications, packet loss results in missing information of shape, motion and texture of a video object (VO). Error concealment refers to the recovery of lost information at the decoder. In this paper, we propose a spatial shape error concealment technique. We consider a geometric representation of the shape of a VO consisting of its boundary, which can be extracted from the received a-plane. Some boundary parts are missing due to errors. We propose a method for modeling the received boundary based on a shape-preserving approximation that uses T-splines. Such an approximation provides a good estimation of the direction of a missing boundary segment, which we use to construct a concealment spline that joins smoothly with the received boundary parts.

关键词： shape coding error concealment T-splines

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