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Conference on Active and Passive Signatures IV

作者： Bennett, Kelly W. Robertson, James US Army Res Lab Adelphi MD 20783 USA Clearhaven Technol LLC Dallas TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819495259

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) supports the development of classification, detection, tracking, and localization algorithms using multiple sensing modalities including acoustic, seismic, E-field, magnetic field, PIR, and visual and IR imaging. Multimodal sensors collect large amounts of data in support of algorithm development. The resulting large amount of data, and their associated high-performance computing needs, increases and challenges existing computing infrastructures. Purchasing computer power as a commodity using a Cloud service offers low-cost, pay-as-you-go pricing models, scalability, and elasticity that may provide solutions to develop and optimize algorithms without having to procure additional hardware and resources. This paper provides a detailed look at using a commercial cloud service provider, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), to develop and deploy simple signal and image processing algorithms in a cloud and run the algorithms on a large set of data archived in the ARL Multimodal Signatures Database (MMSDB). Analytical results will provide performance comparisons with existing infrastructure. A discussion on using cloud computing with government data will discuss best security practices that exist within cloud services, such as AWS.

关键词： signal and image processing Signatures Cloud Computing Amazon Web Services Security PHP

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Applications of left circulant matrices in signal and image processing

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MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B 2008年第4期22卷 231-241页

作者： Andrecut, M. Univ Calgary Inst Biocomplex & Informat Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada

We show numerically that the orthogonal transformation corresponding to the eigen-vectors of (random) left circulant matrices, has similar performance in signal/image processing like the discrete cosine transform.

关键词： signal and image processing signal and image compression signal and image denoising spectral analysis random matrix theory

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WHAT CAN INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIPS BRING IN TO SMALL-GROUP PROJECTS TO TEACH signal and image processing?

WHAT CAN INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIPS BRING IN TO SMALL-GROUP PRO...

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European signal processing Conference

作者： Jean-Remy Falleri Eric Grivel Laurent Reveillere Bordeaux INP Enseirb-Matmeca

ISBN: (纸本)9781479988518

This paper deals with our positive experience about project-based pedagogy with the help of industrial partners to teach signal and image processing. During one semester, students are working in small groups of 6 to 8 students, supervised by two teachers or engineers working in a small or a big company. Various topics are proposed each year such as radar processing, mobile communication system or image processing. The role played by the industrial partners is crucial: they give seminars about program management, they evaluate the technical quality of the projects and the clarity of the oral presentation. An award ceremony is also organized at school during which the activities of the companies are presented. There are also some discussions about the activities of a young engineer and several awards in various categories are given. A cocktail party ends up the day. Anonymous online surveys completed by our students as well as discussions with our partners confirm the relevance of these projects.

关键词： signal and image processing Education Active pedagogy Industrial partnership Projects image processing Education Awards signals Engineers Students Small groups NUCLEOPORIN, 214-KD calcium ammonium nitrate

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Wavelet-Domain Medical image Denoising Using Bivariate Laplacian Mixture Model

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2009年第12期56卷 2826-2837页

作者： Rabbani, Hossein Nezafat, Reza Gazor, Saeed Queens Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada Isfahan Univ Med Sci Dept Biomed Engn Esfahan Iran Harvard Univ Dept Med Sch Med Boston MA 02115 USA

In this paper, we proposed novel noise reduction algorithms that can be used to enhance image quality in various medical imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance and multidetector computed tomography. The noisy captured 3-D data are first transformed by discrete complex wavelet transform. Using a nonlinear function, we model the data as the sum of the clean data plus additive Gaussian or Rayleigh noise. We use a mixture of bivariate Laplacian probability density functions for the clean data in the transformed domain. The MAP and minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) estimators allow us to efficiently reduce the noise. The employed prior distribution is mixture and bivariate, and thus accurately characterizes the heavy-tail distribution of clean images and exploits the interscale properties of wavelets coefficients. In addition, we estimate the parameters of the model using local information;as a result, the proposed denoising algorithms are spatially adaptive, i.e., the intrascale dependency of wavelets is also well exploited in the enhancement process. The proposed approach results in significant noise reduction while the introduced distortions are not noticeable as a result of accurate statistical modeling. The obtained shrinkage functions have closed form, are simple in implementation, and efficiently enhances data. Our experiments on CT images show that among our derived shrinkage functions usually BiLapGausMAP produces images with higher peak SNR. However, BiLapGausMMSE is preferred especially for CT images, which have high SNRs. Furthermore, BiLapRayMAP yields better noise reduction performance for low SNR MR datasets such as high-resolution whole heart imaging while BiLapGauMAP results in better performance in MR data with higher intrinsic SNR such as functional cine data.

关键词： image and multidimensional biosignal processing image filtering and restoration signal and image processing

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High-resolution vascular tissue characterization in mice using 55 MHz ultrasound hybrid imaging

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ULTRASONICS 2013年第3期53卷 727-738页

作者： Mahmoud, Ahmed M. Sandoval, Cesar Teng, Bunyen Schnermann, Jurgen B. Martin, Karen H. Mustafa, S. Jamal Mukdadi, Osama M. Univ Pittsburgh Inst Heart & Vasc Ctr Ultrasound Mol Imaging & Therapeut Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA Univ Pittsburgh Med Ctr Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA Cairo Univ Dept Biomed Engn Giza 12613 Egypt W Virginia Univ Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Morgantown WV 26506 USA W Virginia Univ Ctr Cardiovasc & Resp Sci Morgantown WV 26506 USA NIDDKD NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA

Ultrasound and Duplex ultrasonography in particular are routinely used to diagnose cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, these techniques may not be able to characterize vascular tissue compositional changes due to CVD. This work describes an ultrasound-based hybrid imaging technique that can be used for vascular tissue characterization and the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Ultrasound radiofrequency (RF) data were acquired and processed in time, frequency, and wavelet domains to extract six parameters including time integrated backscatter (T-IB), time variance (T-var), time entropy (T-E), frequency integrated backscatter (F-IB), wavelet root mean square value (W-rms), and wavelet integrated backscatter (W-IB). Each parameter was used to reconstruct an image co-registered to morphological B-scan. The combined set of hybrid images were used to characterize vascular tissue in vitro and in vivo using three mouse models including control (C57BL/6), and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-knockout (APOE-KO) and APOE/A(1) adenosine receptor double knockout (DKO) mice. The technique was tested using high-frequency ultrasound including single-element (center frequency = 55 MHz) and commercial array (center frequency = 40 MHz) systems providing superior spatial resolutions of 24 mu m and 40 mu m, respectively. Atherosclerotic vascular lesions in the APOE-KO mouse exhibited the highest values (contrast) of -10.11 +/- 1.92 dB, -12.13 +/- 2.13 dB, -7.54 +/- 1.45 dB, -5.10 +/- 1.06 dB, -5.25 +/- 0.94 dB, and -10.23 +/- 2.12 dB in T-IB, T-var, T-E, F-IB, W-rms, W-IB hybrid images (n = 10, p < 0.05), respectively. Control segments of normal vascular tissue showed the lowest values of -20.20 +/- 2.71 dB, -22.54 +/- 4.54 dB, -14.94 +/- 2.05 dB, -9.64 +/- 1.34 dB, -10.20 +/- 1.27 dB, and -19.36 +/- 3.24 dB in same hybrid images (n = 6, p < 0.05). Results from both histology and optical images showed good agreement with ult

关键词： High resolution ultrasound Tissue characterization Atherosclerosis signal and image processing

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A Vectorial Approach to Unbalanced Optimal Mass Transport

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 209224-209231页

作者： Zhu, Jiening Elkin, Rena Oh, Jung Hun Deasy, Joseph O. Tannenbaum, Allen SUNY Stony Brook Dept Appl Math & Stat Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr Dept Med Phys New York NY 10017 USA SUNY Stony Brook Dept Comp Sci Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

Unbalanced optimal mass transport (OMT) seeks to remove the conservation of mass constraint by adding a source term to the standard continuity equation in the Benamou-Brenier formulation of OMT. In this study, we show how the unbalanced case fits into the vector-valued OMT framework simply by adding an auxiliary source layer and taking the flow between the source layer and the original layer(s) as the source term. This allows for unbalanced models both in the scalar and vector-valued density settings. The results are demonstrated on a number of synthetic and real vector-valued data sets.

关键词： Standards Mathematical model Kinetic energy Probability distribution Computer aided software engineering Quantum mechanics Quantum computing Optimal mass transport signal and image processing vector-valued distributions unbalanced transport source term

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A study in the BV space of a denoising-deblurring variational problem

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APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND OPTIMIZATION 2001年第2期44卷 131-161页

作者： Vese, L Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Math Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

In this paper we study, in the framework of functions of bounded variation, a general variational problem arising in image recovery, introduced in [3]. We prove the existence and the uniqueness of a solution using lower semicontinuity results for convex functionals of measures. We also give a new and fine characterization of the subdifferential of the functional, together with optimality conditions on the solution, using duality techniques of Temam for the theory of time-dependent minimal surfaces. We study the associated evolution equation in the context of nonlinear semigroup theory and we give an approximation result in continuous variables, using Gamma -convergence. Finally, we discretize the problems by finite differences schemes and we present several numerical results for signal and image reconstruction.

关键词： variational methods elliptic/parabolic PDEs functions of bounded variation convex functions of measures duality relaxation maximal monotone operators Gamma-convergence finite differences scheme signal and image processing

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Quantification of Shear Wave Scattering From Far-Surface Defects via Ultrasonic Wavefield Measurements

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2017年第3期64卷 590-601页

作者： Dawson, Alexander J. Michaels, Jennifer E. Kummer, Joseph W. Michaels, Thomas E. Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA 30332 USA Adv Res Lab Austin TX 78758 USA Georgia Inst Technol Sch Elect & Comp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA MIT Lincoln Lab Lexington MA 02421 USA

Nondestructive evaluation methods rely on prior knowledge of the expected interaction of ultrasonic waves with defects to inform detection and characterization decisions. Wavefield imaging, which refers to the measurement of signals originating from a spatially fixed source on a 2-D rectilinear grid, can be applied to visualize the effect of a subsurface scatterer on surface-measured wave motion. Here, obliquely incident shear waves are directed at the far surface of a plate containing a through-hole using the well-known anglebeam ultrasonic inspection method. A laser vibrometer and laboratory scanner are used to record the resulting out-of-plane motion on the plate surface in the vicinity of the through-hole both before and after a far-surface corner notch is introduced and subsequently enlarged. Waves scattered from the notch are isolated from the incident and hole-scattered waves via baseline subtraction of wavefields. The scattered wavefields are then filtered in the frequency-wavenumber domain to separate Rayleigh, shear, and longitudinal contributions to the scattered wavefield. The filtered wavefields are interpolated in space to obtain 2-D radial wavefield slices originating at the base of the notch. Each radial slice is analyzed to quantify scattering as a function of observation direction, resulting in Rayleigh, shear, and longitudinal scattering profiles for each notch size. The results are compared for four different notch sizes and two transducer orientations.

关键词： Material and defect characterization signal and image processing

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Caratheodory-Toeplitz based mathematical methods and their algorithmic applications in biometric image processing

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APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS 2014年 75卷 2-21页

作者： Saeed, Khalid AGH Univ Sci & Technol Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci PL-30059 Krakow Poland

In this paper the application of bounded series theory due to Caratheodory and Toeplitz is explored to study Brune positive real rational function (PRF). The main goal is to find the necessary and sufficient conditions for PRF coefficients. The introduced algorithms and assertions present an appropriate mathematical model derived from the developed analytical functions. The suggested solution is based on the results of Caratheodory, Toeplitz, Schur and their achievements at the beginning of the twentieth century. Toeplitz matrix lowest eigenvalues are constructed by the coefficients of the bounded power series representing Caratheodory function to establish a new simple and general algorithm for testing the nonnegativeness of real rational functions. The achieved results have shown engineering interests in two different areas of research: the electrical and mechanical circuit theory from one side and the image analysis and processing from the other side. The involvement in these methods has recently drawn the attention of researchers due to the increasing demand for simple methods of electrical and mechanical network synthesis. The author has proved the reasonability of Caratheodory-Toeplitz theory and modified it for using in other new areas of research. The most important achievements that describe relevant applications in such fields as digital filter design, speech signal and object image processing are discussed in the paper. Examples are introduced to illustrate these applications with emphasis on biometrics. (C) 2012 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Caratheodory-Toeplitz theory Circuit theory Digital filter realization image description for object recognition Positive real function Cognitive informatics signal and image processing Toeplitz matrix minimal eigenvalues

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EVALUATION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS SEVERITY BASED ON CAROTID ARTERY INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS CHANGES: A NEW DIAGNOSTIC CRITERION

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ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019年第11期45卷 2950-2957页

作者： Rafati, Mehravar Rahimzadeh, Mehrdad Rafati Moladoust, Hassan Kashan Univ Med Sci Fac Paramed Sci Dept Med Phys & Radiol Kashan Iran Babol Univ Med Sci Dept Nursing Babol Sar Iran Guilan Univ Med Sci Hlth Heart Res Ctr Sch Med Rasht Iran

This study aimed to identify instant intima-media thickness changes (Delta IMT) in the common carotid artery (CCA) during cardiac cycle in order to assess atherosclerosis progression. Using a computerized semiautomated method, instant IMT changes were extracted in the two walls of the left CCA (240 consecutive patients) using B-mode ultrasound images. We found that CCA Delta IMT increased from 8 +/- 4% of IMTmax in the controls to 15 +/- 6% of IMTmax in the severe stenosis group. According to the multiple ordinal regression analysis, Delta IMT was associated with the severity of carotid artery stenosis (odds ratio [OR], 4.95;p < 0.001), independent of sex (OR, 1.11;p = 0.04), age (OR, 1.14;p < 0.001), body mass index;OR, 1.13;p = 0.036), hypertension (OR, 2.04;p < 0.001), diabetes (OR, 1.38;p = 0.045) and hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.54;p = 0.002). We concluded that increment of CCA Delta IMT during the cardiac cycle was strongly and independently associated with severity of carotid artery stenosis or atherosclerosis progression. (C) 2019 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ultrasonics Atherosclerosis Carotid intima-media thickness signal and image processing

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