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Toward Convenient and Accurate IMU-Based Gait Analysis

SENSORS 2025年第4期25卷 1267-1267页

作者： Boutaayamou, Mohamed Pelzer, Doriane Schwartz, Cedric Gillain, Sophie Garraux, Gaetan Croisier, Jean-Louis Verly, Jacques G. Bruls, Olivier Univ Liege Lab Movement Anal B-4000 Liege Belgium Univ Liege Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci B-4000 Liege Belgium Univ Hosp Liege Phys Med & Sport Traumatol Dept B-4000 Liege Belgium Univ Hosp Liege Geriatr Dept B-4000 Liege Belgium Univ Hosp Liege Neurol Dept B-4000 Liege Belgium

While inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based systems have shown their potential in quantifying medically significant gait parameters, it remains to be determined whether they can provide accurate and reliable parameters both across various walking conditions and in healthcare settings. Using an IMU-based system we previously developed, with one IMU module on each subject's heel, we quantify the gait parameters of 55 men and 46 women, all healthy and aged 40-65, in normal, dual-task, and fast walking conditions. We evaluate their intra-session reliability, and we establish a new reference database of such parameters showing good to excellent reliability. ICC(2,1) assesses relative reliability, while SEM% and MDC% assess absolute reliability. The reliability is excellent for all spatiotemporal gait parameters and the stride length (SL) symmetry ratio (ICC >= 0.90, SEM% <= 4.5%, MDC% <= 12.4%) across all conditions. It is good to excellent for the fast walking performance (FWP) indices of stride (Sr), stance (Sa), double-support (DS), and step (St) times;gait speed (GS);and the GS normalized to leg length (GSn1) and body height (GSn2) (ICC >= 0.91, |SEM%| <= 10.0%, |MDC%| <= 27.6%). Men have a higher swing time (Sw) and SL across all conditions. The following parameters are gender-independent: (1) Sa, DS, GSn1, GSn2;(2) the symmetry ratios of SL and GS, as well as Sa% and Sw% (representing Sa and Sw as percentages of Sr);and (3) the FWPs of Sr, Sa, Sw, DS, St, cadence, Sa% and Sw%. Our results provide reference values with new insights into gender FWP comparisons rarely reported in the literature. The advantages and reliability of our IMU-based system make it suitable in medical applications such as prosthetic evaluation, fall risk assessment, and rehabilitation.

关键词： gait analysis accelerometers gyroscopes inertial sensors spatiotemporal parameters signal-processing algorithms reference data

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Closed-loop individual cylinder air-fuel ratio control via UEGO signal spectral analysis

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CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE 2010年第11期18卷 1295-1306页

作者： Cavina, Nicolo Corti, Enrico Moro, Davide Univ Bologna DIEM Dept Mech Engn I-40136 Bologna Italy

The paper presents the development and real time application of an original closed-loop individual cylinder AFR control system, based on a spectral analysis of the lambda sensor signal. The observation that any type of AFR disparity between the various cylinders is reflected in a specific harmonic content of the AFR signal spectrum, represents the starting point of the project. The results observed on a 4 cylinder Spark Ignition engine are encouraging, since in the investigated engine operating conditions the controller is able to reduce AFR inequality below 0.01 lambda. The paper also shows how the proposed controller can be applied to other engine configurations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fuel injection control Frequency domain Spectral analysis signal-processing algorithms Internal combustion engines Automotive systems

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Method for Online Detection of Arcing in Low-Voltage Distribution Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY 2017年第3期32卷 1244-1252页

作者： Mukherjee, Ayan Routray, Aurobinda Samanta, Anik Kumar Indian Inst Technol Adv Technol Dev Ctr Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India Indian Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India

This paper presents an algorithm for online detection of arcing in low-voltage (230 V, 50 Hz) distribution systems. Electromagnetic radiation has been used as a feature for discrimination between arc and nonarc signals. The output of the electromagnetic radiation sensor has been analyzed in the spectral domain using the log-spectral distance metric for the detection of arcing. For validation of this method, a testbench comprising an arc generation setup has been developed in the laboratory. The algorithm has been tested against arc and arc-mimicking normal signals using the testbench to validate its effectiveness. Further, the algorithm is implemented online using xPC target (an embedded platform) for studying the feasibility and accuracy of its online implementation. A system based on this method can continuously monitor the health of a distribution network and, thus, can be very helpful in safeguarding against fire hazards due to electric arcing.

关键词： Arc discharges detection algorithm electrical fault detection electrical safety electromagnetic radiation event detection hazards power system protections signal-processing algorithms spectral analysis

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Swallow Detection Algorithm Based on Bioimpedance and EMG Measurements

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2012年第18期45卷 91-96页

作者： H. Nahrstaedt C. Schultheiss R.O. Seidl T. Schauer Control Systems Group Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Otolaryngology ukb - Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin Berlin Germany

Image-based swallowing assessment tools like videofluoroscopy and endoscopy allow experts manual investigation of a few individual swallows. However, these tools are expensive and can only be used by clinicians. Systems which utilize easily attachable, inexpensive and non-invasive sensors at the throat could be a real progress for diagnosis and therapy. This contribution investigates the use of a combined electromyography (EMG) and bioimpedance (BI) measurement at the throat to automatically detect swallowing events. The absolute value of the measured BI completely describes the swallowing process, i.e. the closure of the larynx. There is a typical reproducible drop in BI during a swallow. The muscle activity needed for the laryngeal movement during a swallow is measured using EMG. The presented algorithm involves a valley detection in order to perform a segmentation of the BI signal. Additionally, only BI valleys that coincide with EMG activity are selected for feature extraction. In the second part of the algorithm, extracted features of the BI and integrated EMG are fed into a support vector machine (SVM) which is able to separate BI valleys related to swallowing events from valleys which are not caused by swallowing. The detection algorithm has been tested on data from nine healthy subjects. The data set contained 1370 swallows of different bolus sizes and consistency and was effected by other movements and speech. The combined BI/EMG segmentation detected 99.3% of all swallowing events. The subsequently applied classifier showed a sensitivity of 96.1% and a specificity of 97.1% for the test data.

关键词： Classification signal processing Medical systems Detection algorithms signal-processing algorithms Time-series analysis

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Data-driven Minimization with Random Feature Expansions for Optical Beam Forming Network Tuning

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2015年第25期48卷 166-171页

作者： L. Bliek M. Verhaegen S. Wahls Delft Center for Systems and Control Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft Netherlands

This paper proposes a data-driven method to minimize objective functions which can be measured in practice but are difficult to model. In the proposed method, the objective is learned directly from training data using random feature expansions. On the theoretical side, it is shown that the learned objective does not suffer from artificial local minima far away from the minima of the true objective if the random basis expansions are fit well enough in the uniform sense. The method is also tested on a real-life application, the tuning of an optical beamforming network. It is found that, in the presence of small model errors, the proposed method outperforms the classical approach of modeling from first principles and then estimating the model parameters.

关键词： Optimization problems nonlinear programming nonlinear models neural networks optical communication signal-processing algorithms

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On-Line Event-Based Supervision of a Biotechnological Process

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1998年第10期31卷 359-364页

作者： Ramon Sarrate-Estrucho Josep Aguilar-Martin Julio Waissman-Vilanova Universistat Politècnica de Catalunya Edijici Vapor Sala Rambla de Sant Nebridi 10 08222 Terrassa Catalonia Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systemes Toulouse France Universitat de Girona Girona Catalonia

This paper describes an event-based approach to the design and implementation of a supervisory system applied to a biotechnological process. Process variables are continually analysed in order to identify signal trends which conform significative events. An heuristic model of the process under supervision is characterised as a discrete-event system (DES). Plant events generate transitions on the DES model, thus reflecting the dynamics of the continuous system underneath. This DES model is used as an state observer of the plant. This approach is applied to a yeast production batch process monitoring.

关键词： Intelligent control Supervisory control Discrete-event systems Automata Theory signal-processing algorithms Knowledge-based systems Biotechnology

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Adaptive process monitoring based on parity space methods

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2009年第8期42卷 947-952页

作者： Shen Yin Amol S. Naik Steven X. Ding Institute of Automation and Complex Systems University of Duisburg-Essen Bismarckstrasse 81 BB 47057 Duisburg Germany

Motivated by data-driven design of fault detection system, a recursive algorithm is developed for updating the parity relation within the framework of subspace identification methods (SIM). The presented recursive algorithm benefits from the signal processing methods for noise subspace tracking to reduce the computationally burdensome updating of singular value decomposition (SVD), which is a crucial step in SIM. Based on the recursive updated parity relation, the residual generator for the fault detection purpose is constructed and the issues of residual evaluation and threshold computation are discussed further. The adaptive process monitoring scheme that integrates the aforementioned issues, is proposed and tested on the laboratory three-tank-system.

关键词： Subspace methods signal-processing algorithms Recursive approaches Statistical process control Fault detection

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Phase Angle Estimation algorithms for Detecting Faults by Synchronous Analysis of Rotating Machines

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1995年第5期28卷 511-515页

作者： F. Crapart H. Fenniri A. Moineau G. Delaunay Laboratoire d’Applications de la Microélectronique Université de Reims B. P. 347 51062 Reims cedex France

This paper investigates the use of algorithms based on recursive least squares, polynomial filtering and the estimation of the instantaneous frequency of a periodic signal for studying the vibrations of rotating machinery by synchronous analysis. This allows digital sampling, at equal angular displacements, rather than at equal time intervals.

关键词： signal-processing algorithms identification synchronous analysis phase system identification speed measurement digital signal processors

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