This paper is dedicated to developing the methods providing a high accuracy for the system of measuring the average energy of the microcontrollers, microprocessors and single-board computers or single-board microcontr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728197135
This paper is dedicated to developing the methods providing a high accuracy for the system of measuring the average energy of the microcontrollers, microprocessors and single-board computers or single-board microcontrollers (MC) in executing instructions, commands or parts of code. The proposed method of measuring the average energy of the microcontroller is based on the method of measuring the MC instantaneous power. Block diagram and functional diagram of system for measuring the MC average energy consumption are described. The method of improving the noise immunity of measuring the MC average energy is proposed and conditions for its running are formed. The method provides the immunity of the system to the interference impact of the normal mode noise. To implement this method the hardware components are introduced into the system circuit and they are specified. The implemented methods and the developed LabView software simulator are shown as part of information measuring system of average power consumption of microcontrollers. Conducted simulation studies confirmed an ability of proposed methods for precision measurements of MC energy consumption.
In this paper, we present a novel polylactic-acid/flax-composite substrate and the implementation of a demonstrator: a microcontrollerboard based on commercial design. The substrate is developed for printed circuit b...
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In this paper, we present a novel polylactic-acid/flax-composite substrate and the implementation of a demonstrator: a microcontrollerboard based on commercial design. The substrate is developed for printed circuit board (PCB) applications. The pre-preg is biodegradable, reinforced, and flame-retarded. The novel material was developed to counter the increasing amount of e-waste and to improve the sustainability of the microelectronics sector. The motivation was to present a working circuit in commercial complexity that can be implemented on a rigid substrate made of natural, bio-based materials with a structure very similar to the widely used Flame Retardant Class 4 (FR4) substrate at an early technological readiness level (2-3). The circuit design is based on the Arduino Nano open-source microcontrollerboard design so that the demonstration could be programmable and easy to fit into education, IoT applications, and embedded designs. During the work, the design was optimized at the level of layout. The copper-clad pre-preg was then prepared and processed with subtractive printed wiring technology and through hole plating. The traditional surface mounting methodology was applied for assembly. The resulting yield of PCB production was around 50%. Signal analysis was successful with analogue data acquisition (voltage) and low-frequency (4 kHz) tests, indistinguishable from sample FR4 boards. Eventually, the samples were subjected to highly accelerated stress test (HAST). HAST tests revealed limitations compared to traditional FR4 printed circuit materials. After six cycles, the weight loss was around 30% in the case of PLA/Flax, and as three-point bending tests showed, the possible ultimate strength (25 MPa at a flexural state) was reduced by 80%. Finally, the sustainability aspect was assessed, where we found that similar to 95 vol% and similar to 90 wt% of the traditional substrate can be substituted, significantly easing the load of waste on the environment.
Bioreactors are commonly used apparatuses generally equipped with several built-in specifications for the investigation of biological treatment studies. Each bioreactor test may require different types of specialty su...
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Bioreactors are commonly used apparatuses generally equipped with several built-in specifications for the investigation of biological treatment studies. Each bioreactor test may require different types of specialty such as heating, agitation, re-circulation and some further technologies like online sensoring. Even thought, there are many ready-to-use fabricated bioreactors available in the market with a cost usually over than 1000 euro , it is often not possible to access those advanced (but inflexible) systems for many students, young-researchers or small-scale private R & D companies. In this work, a new low cost (asymptotic to 100 euro ) packed-bed anaerobic bioreactor was developed, and all methodological details including open-source coding and 3D design files are shared with informative descriptions. Some preliminary tests were conducted to verify the developed bioreactor system's credibility in terms of leak-tightness, accurate gas monitoring, temperature controlling, and mass balance (COD-eq) coverage, which all have shown a very promising *** dot & nbsp;& nbsp;A consistent model bioreactor that will be called as "tetrapod " was developed for anaerobic treatment of challenging substrates such as pyrolytic *** dot & nbsp;& nbsp;Coarse biochar grains were used as an organic packing material to stimulate the microbial bioconversion by increasing the active surface area for the attached-growth anaerobic mixed microbial culture (MMC).center dot & nbsp;An open-source Arduino based digital gasometer was developed for online monitoring of biogas change in the lab-scale system. Arduino was also used as a digital controller for maintaining pulse-mode liquid recirculation of the bioreactor. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.& nbsp
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