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soft-output detection Methods for Sparse Millimeter-Wave MIMO Systems With Low-Precision ADCs

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2019年第4期67卷 2822-2836页

作者： Jeon, Yo-Seb Do, Heedong Hong, Song-Nam Lee, Namyoon Princeton Univ Dept Elect Engn Princeton NJ 08544 USA Pohang Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Pohang 37673 South Korea Ajou Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Suwon 16499 South Korea

In this paper, we propose computationally efficient yet near-optimal soft-output detection methods for coded millimeter-wave (mm Wave) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems with low-precision analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The underlying idea of the proposed methods is to construct an extremely sparse inter-symbol-interference channel model by jointly exploiting the delay-domain sparsity in mm Wave channels and a high quantization noise caused by low-precision ADCs. Then, we harness this sparse channel model to create a trellis diagram with a reduced number of states and a factor graph with very sparse edge connections, which are used for the computationally efficient soft-output detection methods. Using the reduced trellis diagram, we present a soft-output detection method that computes the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of coded bits by optimally combining the quantized received signals obtained from multiple receive antennas using a forward-and-backward algorithm. To reduce the computational complexity further, we also present a low-complexity detection method using the sparse factor graph to compute the LLRs in an iterative fashion based on a belief propagation algorithm. Simulations results demonstrate that the proposed soft-output detection methods provide significant frame-error-rates gains compared with the existing frequency-domain equalization techniques in a coded mmWave MIMO system using one-or two-bit ADCs.

关键词： Millimeter wave communications multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) low-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) soft-output detection time-domain equalization

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soft-output detection of CPM signals in frequency flat, Rayleigh fading channels

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2000年第7期18卷 1145-1152页

作者： Balasubramanian, R Fitz, MP Comsat Labs Clarksburg MD 20871 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Elect Engn Columbus OH 43210 USA

Symbol-by-symbol detection algorithms are useful in systems in which soft-decision metrics are important, e.g., systems with interleaved coded modulation. A soft-output algorithm for the detection of continuous phase modulated (CPM) signals transmitted over frequency flat, Rayleigh fading channels is developed. Since the optimum detector is computationally too complex for any practical implementation, some suboptimal detectors which give near optimal performance are proposed. Some theoretical approximations for the performance of the interleaved coded system are given. The performance of the soft-output algorithms is also extensively characterized by means of Monte-Carlo simulations.

关键词： continuous phase modulation Rayleigh channels soft-output detection

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OPTIMUM soft-output detection FOR CHANNELS WITH INTERSYMBOL INTERFERENCE

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1995年第3期41卷 704-713页

作者： LI, YX VUCETIC, B SATO, Y TOHO UNIV DEPT INFORMAT SCI FUNABASHI CHIBA 274 JAPAN

In contrast to the conventional Viterbi algorithm (VA) which generates hard-outputs, an optimum soft-output algorithm (OSA) is derived under the constraint of fixed decision delay,for detection of m-ary digital signals in the presence of intersymbol interference and additive white Gaussian noise, The OSA, a new type of the conventional symbol-by-symbol maximum a posteriori probability algorithm, requires only a forward recursion and the number of variables to be stored and recursively updated increases linearly, rather than exponentially, with the decision delay, Then, with little performance degradation, a suboptimum soft-output algorithm (SSA) is obtained by simplifying the OSA, The main computations in the SSA, as in the VA;are the add-compare-select operations. Simulation results of a convolutional-coded communication system are presented that demonstrate the superiority of the OSA and the SSA over the conventional VA when they are used as detectors, When the decision delay of the detectors equals the channel memory, a significant performance improvement is achieved with only a small increase in computational complexity.

关键词： soft-output detection EQUALIZATION VITERBI ALGORITHM soft-DECISION DECODING

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A Robust Metric for soft-output detection in the Presence of Class-A Noise

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2009年第1期57卷 36-40页

作者： Fertonani, Dario Colavolpe, Giulio Univ Parma Dept Informat Engn I-43100 Parma Italy

Digital communications over channels impaired by impulse noise are considered. We first address the problem from an information-theoretical viewpoint, discussing the performance limits imposed by the channel model. Then, we describe and compare a couple of practical communication schemes employing powerful channel codes and iterative decoding, with focus on a very simple and robust detection scheme that does not require the estimation of the statistics of the impulse noise.

关键词： Impulse noise soft-output detection achievable information rate

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A Low Complexity soft-output detection Algorithm for 2x2 Multiple-Input Multiple-output Multiband-OFDM Systems Using Dual Carrier Modulation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2014年第3期60卷 311-319页

作者： Park, Jangyong Kim, Kilhwan Koo, Jihun Kim, Jaeseok Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea Samsung Elect Co LTD Semicond Business Syst LSI Div Yongin 446711 Gyeonggi Do South Korea

This paper presents a low complexity soft-output detection algorithm for 2x2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiband-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) systems using dual carrier modulation (DCM) or modified DCM (MDCM). By detecting each symbol pair of DCM or MDCM separately, the proposed detection algorithm reduces the complexity of the partial Euclidean distance (PED) calculation and the preprocessing complexity, which is the complexity of QR decomposition and channel ordering. This paper also proposes an efficient candidate list extension method for soft-output MIMO detection by using the calculated PEDs. Because the proposed algorithm has a low complexity and can also be implemented in a fully-pipelined hardware, the proposed algorithm is suitable for MB-OFDM systems requiring high speed hardware. The simulation results of applying the proposed algorithm to 2x2 MIMO MB-OFDM systems using DCM or MDCM show that the performance of the proposed algorithm has near soft-output maximum likelihood detection performance. The hardware complexity of the proposed algorithm is approximately 40% of that of the existing algorithm with similar performance(1).

关键词： Dual carrier modulation (DCM) multiband-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) soft-output detection

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Adjustable Iterative soft-output detection for Massive MIMO Uplink 8

Adjustable Iterative Soft-Output Detection for Massive MIMO ...

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8th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)

作者： Wu, Zhizhen Zhang, Chuan Zhang, Shunqing You, Xiaohu Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Intel Labs Intel Collaborat Res Inst Mobile Networking & Com Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509028603

Minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection algorithms in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) uplink suffer from prohibitively high complexity of exact matrix inversion. Conventional detection algorithms based on Neumann series expansion (NSE), which approximates the matrix inversion, can only be efficient with small number of NSE terms. Worse still, conventional NSE-based approaches are facing convergence problems in poor propagation environments. In this paper, we introduce an adjustable iterative detection algorithm based on NSE to solve the complexity and convergence problems. Furthermore, we propose an efficient approach to approximately compute the log-likelihood ratios (LERs) with low-complexity. Both the analytical and numerical results have shown that the proposed approach has benefits in terms of computational complexity and convergence rate, especially in the case of poor propagation environments.

关键词： Massive MIMO Neumann series linear MMSE soft-output detection iterative method

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Biased MMSE soft-output detection Based on Jacobi Method in Massive MIMO

Biased MMSE Soft-Output Detection Based on Jacobi Method in ...

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2014 IEEE International Conference on Communication Problem-Solving (ICCP)

作者： Zhou, Jiangyun Ye, Yu Hu, Jianhao Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Natl Key Lab Commun Chengdu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479942459

Massive (or large-scale) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is a promising means to improve the energy efficiency, spectral efficiency and throughput. However, the complexity of the detection increases exponentially with the scale of MIMO system. In this paper, we propose a biased minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection based on the Jacobi iterative method (JIM) to reduce the complexity of the massive MIMO detector. The proposed biased MMSE detection can provide the post-equalized signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) without iterative processing. Besides, if the Gray-mapping is used, the computational complexity of the bit-wise LLR will be reduced significantly. The simulation shows that the proposed detection method can achieve a better performance/complexity trade-offs than the existing detection methods.

关键词： massive MIMO biased MMSE Jacobi iterative method soft-output detection

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Adjustable iterative soft-output detection for massive MIMO uplink

Adjustable iterative soft-output detection for massive MIMO ...

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International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)

作者： Zhizhen Wu Chuan Zhang Shunqing Zhang Xiaohu You National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509028610

Minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection algorithms in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) uplink suffer from prohibitively high complexity of exact matrix inversion. Conventional detection algorithms based on Neumann series expansion (NSE), which approximates the matrix inversion, can only be efficient with small number of NSE terms. Worse still, conventional NSE-based approaches are facing convergence problems in poor propagation environments. In this paper, we introduce an adjustable iterative detection algorithm based on NSE to solve the complexity and convergence problems. Furthermore, we propose an efficient approach to approximately compute the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) with low-complexity. Both the analytical and numerical results have shown that the proposed approach has benefits in terms of computational complexity and convergence rate, especially in the case of poor propagation environments.

关键词： Massive MIMO Neumann series Linear MMSE soft-output detection Iterative method iterative methods matrix inversion detection algorithms NEUMANN SERIES multiple input multiple output systems up link TUNABLE Iterative Mean square error Converge

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Hardware Implementation of the Preprocessing QR-Decomposition for the soft-output MIMO detection With Multiple Tree Traversals

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS 2018年第2期65卷 186-190页

作者： Liu, Tsung-Hsien Ko, Yi-Kuang Chiu, Yen-Ju Lin, Wen-Yen Chu, Yuan-Sun Natl Chung Cheng Univ Grad Inst Commun Engn Chiayi 602 Taiwan Chang Gung Univ Dept Elect Engn Coll Engn Kwei Shan 333 Taiwan Chang Gung Univ Ctr Biomed Engn Coll Engn Kwei Shan 333 Taiwan Chang Gung Mem Hosp Div Cardiol Dept Internal Med Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Elect Engn Chiayi 602 Taiwan Natl Chung Cheng Univ Adv Inst Mfg High Tech Innovat AIM HI Chiayi 602 Taiwan

Compared with the single tree detector, the layered orthogonal lattice detector (LORD), developed by Siti et al., is a well-known soft-output multiple input multiple output detector to exploit M parallel tree traversals to deliver data with M times of detection throughput rate. The preprocessing QR-decomposition (QRD) of the M-by-M channel matrix for the single tree detector is of complexity proportional to M-3. However, the preprocessing QRD for the LORD needs to compute the M permuted channel matrices that are constructed from the original M-by-M channel matrix through the root conditioning criterion. The original LORD algorithm for this root conditioning QRD (RC-QRD) relies on the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization and is of complexity proportional to M-4 for large M. In this brief, we apply the Givens rotation and take advantage of the relationships among the M permuted matrices to develop an RC-QRD algorithm with complexity proportional to M-3. Furthermore, when M is large, our proposed RC-QRD algorithm requires the number of real Givens rotations about 1.8 times necessary for computing a conventional matrix QRD. Also, for M = 4, our proposed RC-QRD hardware architecture requires gate count 2.1 times that required by the conventional triangular systolic array to compute a matrix QRD. Accordingly, with only about two times of complexity for the preprocessing RC-QRD, the LORD is able to perform M tree traversals to deliver data with M times of throughpyut rate.

关键词： Multiple input multiple output system soft-output detection QR-decomposition Givens rotation CORDIC module triangular systolic array

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Parallel Tree Traversals for soft-output MIMO detection Using Multiple Bit Flippings 89

Parallel Tree Traversals for Soft-Output MIMO Detection Usin...

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89th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)

作者： Liu, Tsung-Hsien Wu, Jia-You Chu, Yuan-Sun Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Commun Engn Chiayi Taiwan Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Elect Engn Chiayi Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728112176

The Layered Orthogonal Lattice Detector (LORD), developed by Siti, et al., is a famous soft-output detector for the MIMO system. It proposes to compute bit log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) in parallel for bits in each layer of the transmitted MIMO signals and therefore can achieve high throughput rate. However, one of its disadvantages is the high complexity for high-order modulated symbols. Combining the Schnorr-Euchner enumeration and bit flipping scheme, we propose to enumerate the lattices at the top layer in a new way. Our proposed detector can avoid the bit vacancy problem and is demonstrated to outperform the fixed-complexity soft-output detector. We also report the hardware implementation results for our proposed detector, showing that our detector is practically feasible.

关键词： Multiple input multiple output system soft-output detection tree search algorithm

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