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Exploring the benefits of the combination of a software architecture analysis and a usability evaluation of a mobile application

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2010年第11期83卷 2031-2044页

作者： Biel, Bettina Grill, Thomas Gruhn, Volker Salzburg Univ ICT&S Ctr HCI & Usabil Unit A-5020 Salzburg Austria Univ Duisburg Essen Software Engn Grp Ruhr Inst Software Technol Duisburg Germany

Designing easy to use mobile applications is a difficult task. In order to optimize the development of a usable mobile application, it is necessary to consider the mobile usage context for the design and the evaluation of the user-system interaction of a mobile application. In our research we designed a method that aligns the inspection method "software architecture analysis of Usability Requirements realizatioN" SATURN and a mobile usability evaluation in the form of a user test. We propose to use mobile context factors and thus requirements as a common basis for both inspection and user test. After conducting both analysis and user test, the results described as usability problems are mapped and discussed. The mobile context factors identified define and describe the usage context of a mobile application. We exemplify and apply our approach in a case study. This allows us to show how our method can be used to identify more usability problems than with each method separately. Additionally, we could confirm the validity and identified the severity of usability problems found by both methods. Our work presents how a combination of both methods allows to address usability issues in a more holistic way. We argue that the increased quantity and quality of results can lead to a reduction of the number of iterations required in early stages of an iterative software development process. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Human-computer interaction software architecture analysis Usability evaluation software engineering

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Assessment of a Framework for Comparing software architecture analysis Methods 11

Assessment of a Framework for Comparing Software Architectur...

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11th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in software Engineering, EASE 2007

作者： Ali Babar, Muhammad Kitchenham, Barbara Lero University of Limerick Ireland National ICT Australia

We have developed a framework, FOCSAAM, for comparing software architecture analysis methods. FOCSAAM can help architects and managers to choose a specific method to support architecture analysis process. We have been assessing the suitability of the framework’s elements in different ways. During the development of FOCSAAM, a theoretical assessment was performed by relating each of its elements to the published literature on quality assurance, process improvement, and software development approaches. Moreover, we have also found that most of the elements of FOCSAAM can also be mapped onto the elements of a well-known framework for comparing information systems development methods, NIMSAD framework. Our goal of this study was to further assess the suitability of different elements of FOCSAAM by using the expert opinion approach. We asked 17 practicing architects with extensive experience to assess the suitability of the elements of FOCSAAM for selecting a particular method to support the software architecture analysis process. The findings of this study provide support for each element of FOCSAAM to be included in forming criteria for comparing software architecture analysis methods. © 2007 11th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in software Engineering, EASE 2007. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： comparing methods empirical studies expert opinion model assessment software architecture analysis

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analysis of the new architecture proposal for the CMM control system

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FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2011年第9-11期86卷 2071-2074页

作者： Heikkila, L. Saarinen, H. Aha, L. Viinikainen, M. Mattila, J. Hahto, A. Siuko, M. Semeraro, L. Tampere Univ Technol Dept Intelligent Hydraul & Automat FIN-33101 Tampere Finland VIT Tech Res Ctr Finland Tampere Finland Fus Energy F4E Barcelona Spain

While developing divertor remote handling maintenance systems at the Divertor Test Platform 2 facility, some risks and sensitivity points related to the Cassette Multifunctional Mover control system software were discovered and evaluated. The control system architecture has to simultaneously fulfill the demanding ITER remote handling requirements and to face new requirements being uncovered during the trials. Especially evolving non-functional requirements such as reliability and safety have an effect on the control system architecture as it is getting more mature. An evaluation of the implications from architectural decisions is necessary before implementation efforts, as an architecture left to develop without evaluation may lead to a dead end and therefore soaring development costs. After studying existing architecture analysis methods an analysis method was developed to gain confidence to carry out the proposed changes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： software architecture analysis Remote handling SAAM ATAM

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Arvisan: an Interactive Tool for Visualisation and analysis of Low-Code architecture Landscapes 24

Arvisan: an Interactive Tool for Visualisation and Analysis ...

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ACM/IEEE 27th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings (MODELS)

作者： Kakkenberg, Roy Rukmono, Satrio Adi Chaudron, Michel R. V. Gerholt, Wim Pinto, Miguel de Oliveira, Claudio Ribeiro Eindhoven Univ Technol Eindhoven Netherlands Royal Vopak Rotterdam Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706226

This paper introduces Arvisan, an interactive tool for visualization and analysis of low-code architecture landscapes. Arvisan improves upon existing low-code architecture assessment tools, particularly Discovery, which is used to verify the technical integrity and adherence to architectural rules in OutSystems applications. Arvisan offers overviews as a sliding window across abstraction levels, highly interactive visualization, and a variety of quality analyses. Arvisan uses a graph-based visualisation approach to architecture analysis. The information on the components of OutSystems is modelled as a labelled property graph. The tool is applied to an industrial-scale application landscape. Arvisan provides several advantages over Discovery: it offers a unified overview, efficient navigation, overview on different levels of abstraction, and the ability to detect indirect dependency cycles. The tool was evaluated with the OutSystems low-code platform and received positive feedback from developers. Arvisan contributes to the arsenal of tools for analysing architectures of low-code systems.

关键词： low-code architecture analysis low-code architecture visualisation software architecture analysis software architecture visualisation

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Generation of feasible deployment configuration alternatives for Data Distribution Service based systems

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COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES 2018年第1期58卷 126-145页

作者： Tekinerdogan, Bedir Celik, Turgay Koksal, Omer Wageningen Univ Wageningen Netherlands OPSGENIE Ankara Turkey

Data distribution service (DDS) has been defined by the OMG to provide a standard data-centric publish-subscribe programming model and specification for distributed systems. DDS has been applied for the development of high performance distributed systems such as in the defense, finance, automotive, and simulation domains. To support the analysis and design of a DDS-based distributed system, the OMG has proposed the DDS UML Profile. A DDS based system usually consists of multiple participant applications each of which has different responsibilities in the system. These participants can be allocated in different ways to the available resources, which leads to different configuration alternatives. Usually, each configuration alternative will perform differently with respect to the execution and communication cost of the overall system. In general, the deployment configuration is selected manually based on expert knowledge. This approach is suitable for small to medium scale applications but for larger applications this is not tractable. In this paper, we provide a systematic approach for deriving feasible deployment alternatives based on the application design and the available physical resources. The application design includes the design for DDS topics, publishers and subscribers. For supporting the application design, we propose a DDS UML profile. Based on the application design and the physical resources, the feasible deployment alternatives can be algorithmically derived and automatically generated using the developed tools. We illustrate the approach for deriving feasible deployment alternatives of smart city parking system. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data Distribution Service (DOS) software architecture analysis Design optimization Model-driven development Feasible deployment

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Towards supporting the software architecture life cycle

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2012年第3期85卷 546-561页

作者： Weinreich, Rainer Buchgeher, Georg Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Dept Business Informat Software Engn Linz Austria Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg Hagenberg Austria

software architecture is a central element during the whole software life cycle. Among other things, software architecture is used for communication and documentation, for design, for reasoning about important system properties, and as a blueprint for system implementation. This is expressed by the software architecture life cycle, which emphasizes architecture-related activities like architecture design, implementation, and analysis in the context of a software life cycle. While individual activities of the software architecture life cycle are supported very well, a seamless approach for supporting the whole life cycle is still missing. Such an approach requires the integration of disparate information, artifacts, and tools into one consistent information model and environment. In this article we present such an approach. It is based on a semi-formal architecture model, which is used in all activities of the architecture life cycle, and on a set of extensible and integrated tools supporting these activities. Such an integrated approach provides several benefits. Potentially redundant activities like the creation of multiple architecture descriptions are avoided, the captured information is always consistent and up-to-date, extensive tracing between different information is possible, and interleaving activities in incremental development and design are supported. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： software architecture software architecture life cycle software architecture model software architecture tools software architecture analysis software architecture evaluation software architecture design software architecture knowledge management

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A general model of software architecture design derived from five industrial approaches

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2007年第1期80卷 106-126页

作者： Hofmeister, Christine Kruchten, Philippe Nord, Robert L. Obbink, Henk Ran, Alexander America, Pierre Univ British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Lehigh Univ Bethlehem PA 18015 USA Software Engn Inst Pittsburgh PA USA Philips Res Labs Eindhoven Netherlands Nokia Res Ctr Cambridge MA USA

We compare five industrial software architecture design methods and we extract from their commonalities a general software architecture design approach. Using this general approach, we compare across the five methods the artifacts and activities they use or recommend, and we pinpoint similarities and differences. Once we get beyond the great variance in terminology and description, we find that the five approaches have a lot in common and match more or less the "ideal" pattern we introduced. From the ideal pattern we derive an evaluation grid that can be used for further method comparisons. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： software architecture software architecture design software architecture analysis architectural method

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Viewpoints on modifiability

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF software ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2001年第4期11卷 453-478页

作者： Lassing, N Rijsenbrij, D Van Vliet, H Vrije Univ Amsterdam Fac Sci Div Math & Comp Sci NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands

software architecture is generally regarded as an important tool to achieve systems of higher quality. It is claimed that the foundation for a system's quality is laid by the decisions made in the software architecture. A question that is occupying both researchers and practitioners is in which areas should decisions be made in the software architecture? We believe architectural view models play an important role in the answer to this question. View models consist of a coherent set of architectural views. These view models have both a prescriptive and a descriptive role in the development process. Their prescriptive role is that they call for a number of aspects to be considered when defining a software architecture and their descriptive role is that they provide a framework to document a software architecture. Currently, a number of view models exist, the most important of which axe the 4 + 1 View Model of Kruchten and the four views by Soni et al. In our experience with modifiability analysis for business information systems we found that the views in current view models do not include all information required. In this paper we discuss the views we found useful for architecture level impact analysis of business information systems. They are illustrated using a case study we performed for the Dutch Tax and Customs Administration. We claim that when these views are required for architecture level impact analysis, the decisions they capture should also be considered during architecture development.

关键词： software architecture software architecture analysis architectural views view models modifiability

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How well can we predict changes at architecture design time?

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2003年第2期65卷 141-153页

作者： Lassing, N Rijsenbrij, D van Vliet, H Vrije Univ Amsterdam Fac Sci Div Math & Comp Sci NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands Accenture NL-1070 AT Amsterdam Netherlands Cap Gemini Ernst & Young NL-3500 GN Utrecht Netherlands

Two years ago, we analyzed the architecture of Sagitta 2000/SD, a large business information system being developed on behalf of Dutch Customs. We were in particular interested in assessing the capabilities of the system to accommodate future complex changes. We asked stakeholders to bring forward possible changes to the system, and next investigated how these changes would affect the software architecture. Since then, the system has been implemented and used, and actual modifications have been proposed and realized. We studied all 117 change requests submitted since our initial analysis. The present paper addresses how well we have been able to predict complex changes during our initial analysis, and how and to what extent the process to elicit and assess the impact of such changes might be improved. This study suggests that architecture analysis can be improved if we explicitly challenge the initial requirements. The study also hints at some fundamental limitations of this type of analysis: (1) fundamental modifiability-related decisions need not be visible in the documentation available, (2) the actual evolution of a system remains, to a large extent, unpredictable and (3) some changes concern complex components, and this complexity might not be known at the architecture level, and/or be unavoidable. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： software evolution risk assessment impact analysis software architecture analysis modifiability

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An Evaluation of Big Data architectures 8

An Evaluation of Big Data Architectures

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8th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications (DATA)

作者： Garises, Valerie Quenum, Jose G. Namibia Univ Sci & Technol 13 Jackson Kaujeua Windhoek Namibia

ISBN: (纸本)9789897583773

In this paper, we present a novel evaluation of architectural patterns and software architecture analysis using architecture-based Tradeoff analysis Method (ATAM). To facilitate the evaluation, we classify the Big Data intrinsic characteristics into quality attributes. We also categorised existing architectures following architectural patterns. Overall, our evaluation clearly shows that no single architectural pattern is enough to guarantee all the required quality attributes. As such, we recommend a combination of more than one pattern. The net effect of this would be to increase the benefits of each architectural pattern and then support the design of Big Data software architectures with several quality attributes.

关键词： Big Data software architecture analysis software architecture Evaluation software Architectural Patterns

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