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Virtual software engineering laboratories in support of trade-off analyses

software QUALITY JOURNAL 2005年第4期13卷 407-428页

作者： Münch, J Pfahl, D Rus, I Fraunhofer Inst Expt Software Engn IESE D-67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Univ Calgary Schulich Sch Engn Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada Fraunhofer Ctr Maryland College Pk MD USA

Due to demanding customer needs and evolving technology, software organizations are forced to trade individual functional and non-functional product quality profiles against other factors such as cost, time, or productivity. The ability to influence or even control these factors requires a deep understanding of the complex relations between process and product attributes in relevant contexts. Based on such understanding, decision support is needed to adjust processes so that they match the product quality goals without violating given project constraints. We propose to use a Virtual software Engineering Laboratory (VSEL) to establish such decision support cost-effectively. VSELs can be considered as being complementary to existing (empirical) software Engineering Laboratories. This paper gives an introduction into the cornerstones of VSELs, discusses how they complement traditional empirically based software Engineering Laboratories (SELs), and illustrates with the help of case examples from industrial and research environments, how to use them in support of product-focused trade-off analyses.

关键词： decision support software engineering laboratories software process modeling software process simulation trade-off-analyses

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Assessing the Risk of software Development in Agile Methodologies Using simulation

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 134240-134258页

作者： Lunesu, Maria Ilaria Tonelli, Roberto Marchesi, Lodovica Marchesi, Michele Univ Cagliari Dept Math & Comp Sci I-09123 Cagliari Italy

Agile methodologies aim to reduce software development risk using short iterations, feature-driven development, continuous integration, testing automation, and other practices. However, the risk of project failure or time and budget overruns is still a relevant problem. This paper aims to present and discuss a new approach to model some key risk factors in agile development, using software process simulation modeling (SPSM), which can complement other approaches, and whose usage is particularly suited for agile development. We introduce a new approach to modeling some key risk factors - namely project duration, number of implemented issues, and key statistics of issue completion time - using a simulator of agile development, which we developed for this purpose. The approach includes modeling the agile process, gathering data from the tool used for project management, and performing Monte Carlo simulations of the process, to get insights about the expected time and effort to complete the project, and about their distributions. The model's parameters that can cause risk are errors in effort estimation of the features to develop, variations in developers' assignment to these features, impediments related to developers' availability and work completion. To validate the simulator, and to demonstrate how the method can be used, we analyzed three open-source projects, gathering their data from JIRA repositories. We ran Monte Carlo simulations of these projects, showing that the simulator can well approximate the progress of the real project, then varying the identified risk factors and statistically evaluating their effects on the risk parameters. The proposed approach is relevant for project managers, being able to quantitatively evaluate the risks, provided that the process and the project's data are properly modeled and gathered. As for the future, we are working to improve our risk assessment method, evaluating it on more case studies, scaling the model from a single t

关键词： software Risk management Tools Object oriented modeling Costs software engineering Project management Effort estimation error random issue allocation risk analysis software process simulation Agile simulation Monte Carlo methods software development management

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Stochastic simulation of risk factor potential effects for software development risk management

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2001年第3期59卷 247-257页

作者： Houston, DX Mackulak, GT Collofello, JS Honeywell Inc Phoenix AZ 85021 USA Arizona State Univ Dept Ind Engn Tempe AZ 85287 USA Arizona State Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Tempe AZ 85287 USA

One of the proposed purposes for software process simulation is the management of software development risks, usually discussed within the category of project planning/management. However, modeling and simulation primarily for the purpose of software development risk management has been quite limited. This paper describes an approach to modeling risk factors and simulating their effects as a means of supporting certain software development risk management activities. The effects of six common and significant software development risk factors were studied. A base model was then produced for stochastically simulating the effects of the selected factors. This simulator is a tool designed specifically for the risk management activities of assessment, mitigation, contingency planning, and intervention. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： software development risk risk factors software risk management stochastic simulation software process simulation

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The Why, When, What, and How About Predictive Continuous Integration: A simulation-Based Investigation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software ENGINEERING 2023年第12期49卷 5223-5249页

作者： Liu, Bohan Zhang, He Ma, Weigang Li, Gongyuan Li, Shanshan Shen, Haifeng Nanjing Univ Software Inst State Key Lab Novel Software Technol Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu Peoples R China Australian Catholic Univ Peter Faber Business Sch Sydney NSW 2060 Australia

Continuous Integration (CI) enables developers to detect defects early and thus reduce lead time. However, the high frequency and long duration of executing CI have a detrimental effect on this practice. Existing studies have focused on using CI outcome predictors to reduce frequency. Since there is no reported project using predictive CI, it is difficult to evaluate its economic impact. This research aims to investigate predictive CI from a process perspective, including why and when to adopt predictors, what predictors to be used, and how to practice predictive CI in real projects. We innovatively employ software process simulation to simulate a predictive CI process with a Discrete-Event simulation (DES) model and conduct simulation-based experiments. We develop the Rollback-based Identification of Defective Commits (RIDEC) method to account for the negative effects of false predictions in simulations. Experimental results show that: 1) using predictive CI generally improves the effectiveness of CI, reducing time costs by up to 36.8% and the average waiting time before executing CI by 90.5%;2) the time-saving varies across projects, with higher commit frequency projects benefiting more;and 3) predictor performance does not strongly correlate with time savings, but the precision of both failed and passed predictions should be paid more attention. simulation-based evaluation helps identify overlooked aspects in existing research. Predictive CI saves time and resources, but improved prediction performance has limited cost-saving benefits. The primary value of predictive CI lies in providing accurate and quick feedback to developers, aligning with the goal of CI.

关键词： software Costs Servers Testing Machine learning Codes Surveys Continuous integration machine learning software process simulation discrete-event simulation

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Modeling and simulation of open source development using an agile practice

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE 2006年第11期52卷 610-618页

作者： Turnu, Ivana Melis, Marco Cau, Alessandra Setzu, Alessio Concas, Giulio Mannaro, Katiuscia Univ Cagliari Dept Elect & Elect Engn I-09123 Cagliari Italy

The goal of this work is to study the effects of the adoption of agile practices on open source development. In particular, we started to evaluate the effects of TDD (Test Driven Development) since it is easier to apply in a distributed environment than most other agile practices. In order to reach this goal we used the simulation modeling approach. We developed a simulation model of open source software development process. The model was tuned using data from a real FLOSS project: Apache HTTP Server. To introduce the TDD practice in our FLOSS simulation model, we made some assumptions based on empirical results. The two FLOSS development models (nonTDD and TDD) were compared. The one incorporating the agile practice yields better results in terms of code quality. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： software process simulation open source extreme programming test driven development

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A simplified model of software project dynamics

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2001年第3期59卷 299-309页

作者： Ruiz, M Ramos, I Toro, M Univ Cadiz ES Ingn Cadiz Spain Univ Seville Fac Informat & Estadist E-41012 Seville Spain

The simulation of a dynamic model for software development projects (hereinafter SDPs) helps to investigate the impact of a technological change, of different management policies, and of maturity level of organisations over the whole project. In the beginning of the 1990s, with the appearance of the dynamic model for SDPs by Abdel-Hamid and Madnick [software Project Dynamics: An Integrated Approach, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1991], a significant advance took place in the held of project management. From this work, several dynamic models have been developed in order to simulate the behaviour of these kinds of projects. From the comparison made between one of the best known empirical estimation models and dynamic estimation models, we have analysed the existing problems in dynamic models in order to make dynamic estimations at the early stages of software projects, when little information is available. We present the results obtained from a Reduced Dynamic Model developed to estimate and analyse the behaviour of SDPs in the early phases, in which there is not much information regarding the project. The modelling approach followed to obtain this simplified model has been deter-mined by the simplification of Abdel-Hamid and Madnick's model using the works of Eberlein [Syst. Dyn. Rev. 1(5) (1989) 51] about understanding and simplification of models. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： software process simulation simplified dynamic model initial estimations early stages of software projects

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Using simulation to analyse the impact of software requirement volatility on project performance

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2000年第14期42卷 1001-1008页

作者： Pfahl, D Lebsanft, K Fraunhofer Inst Expt Software Engn D-67661 Kaiserslautern Germany Siemens AG Dept ZT SE 3 D-81730 Munich Germany

During the last decade, software process simulation has been used to address a variety of management issues and questions. These include: understanding;training and learning;planning;control and operational management;strategic management;process improvement and technology adoption. This paper presents a simulation model that was developed to demonstrate the impact of unstable software requirements on project performance, and to analyse how much money should be invested in stabilising software requirements in order to achieve optimal cost effectiveness. The paper reports on all steps of model building, describes the structure of the final simulation model, and presents the most interesting simulation results of an industrial application. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： software process simulation software requirement volatility system dynamics

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A Comparative Study of Scrum and Kanban Approaches on a Real Case Study Using simulation

A Comparative Study of Scrum and Kanban Approaches on a Real...

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13th International Conference on Agile software Development (XP)

作者： Anderson, David J. Concas, Giulio Lunesu, Maria Ilaria Marchesi, Michele Zhang, Hongyu David J Anderson& Associates Inc Seattle WA 98113 USA Univ Cagliari Dept Elect & Elect Engn I-09123 Cagliari Italy Tsinghua Univ Sch Software Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783642303500;9783642303494

We present the application of software process modeling and simulation using an agent-based approach to a real case study of software maintenance. The original process used PSP/TSP;it spent a large amount of time estimating in advance maintenance requests, and needed to be greatly improved. To this purpose, a Kanban system was successfully implemented, that demonstrated to be able to substantially improve the process without giving up PSP/TSP. We customized the simulator and, using input data with the same characteristics of the real ones, we were able to obtain results very similar to that of the processes of the case study, in particular of the original process. We also simulated, using the same input data, the possible application of the Scrum process to the same data, showing results comparable to the Kanban process.

关键词： Scrum Kanban Lean software development software process simulation

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RVSim: A simulation approach to predict the impact of requirements volatility on software project plans

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International Conference on software process

作者： Liu, Dapeng Wang, Qing Xiao, Junchao Li, Juan Li, Huaizhang Chinese Acad Sci Inst Software Lab Internet Software Technol Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783540795872

Requirements volatility is a common project risk which has severe consequences on software projects. Though its impact on various aspects of software projects has been highlighted extensively, its influence on project plans is not well explored yet. This paper proposes a simulation approach RVSim (Requirements Volatility simulation) which utilizes requirements traceability and dependency information to predict,the impact of requirements volatility on software project plans. RVSim can help analyze the effects of requirements volatility in depth, and provide useful information for users to make better decisions. Moreover, RVSim supports customization for users' own software processes and projects. We also provide a case study to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of RVSim.

关键词： requirements volatility requirements traceability requirements dependency software process simulation risk management

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Agents of RUP processes Model for IT Organizations Readiness to Agile Transformation Assessment 9th

Agents of RUP Processes Model for IT Organizations Readiness...

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9th Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems (ACIIDS)

作者： Wysocki, Wlodzimierz Orlowski, Cezary Ziolkowski, Artur Bocewicz, Grzegorz Tech Univ Koszalin Koszalin Poland WSB Univ Gdansk Gdansk Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319544304

A significant problem in modern software engineering is maturity assessment of organizations developing software. We propose the use of process model of RUP development methodology as a pattern for comparing it with the tested project. Percent values of accordance coefficient determine the task accordance of the tested project with the pattern of activities flow. This RUP model concept is based on a multi-agent based simulation (MABS). It presents agents and their behaviours as well as objects placed in the agent system environment. The behaviour of agents is presented as a set of Finite State Automatons. The usefulness of the method for assessment of organization's maturity was examined in a two-part experiment. The result of the first part of the experiment was used in the second part as the process pattern to determine the accordance of a sample project to the result of simulated model. The results confirmed the usefulness of the model in maturity assessment.

关键词： IT organization maturity Rational Unified process RUP Maturity assessment software development processes software process simulation Multi-agent based simulation MABS JADE Finite State Automaton FSA

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