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Implementation of cyber security for safety systems of nuclear facilities

PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2016年 88卷 88-94页

作者： Park, JaeKwan Suh, YongSuk Park, Cheol Korea Atom Energy Res Inst Daedeok Daero 989-111 Daejeon South Korea

Digital computers have been chosen as a safety system in newly constructed nuclear facilities. Owing to digitalization, cyber threats to nuclear facilities have increased and the integrity of the digital safety systems has been threatened. To cope with such threats, the nuclear regulatory agency has published guidelines for digital safety systems. This paper suggests an implementation method of cyber security for the safety system in the development phase. It introduces specific security activities based on a practice in a nuclear facility construction project. It also explains experiences resolving security vulnerabilities of the system and gives lessons learned about considerations in a real construction. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cyber security Computer security Cyber security plan Cyber security implementation software verification and validation

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Code-to-Code Benchmark for Simulation Tools Based on the Unsteady Vortex-Lattice Method

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2023年第11期20卷 719-746页

作者： Verstraete, Marcos L. Ceballos, Luis R. Hente, Christian Roccia, Bruno A. Gebhardt, Cristian G. Natl Univ Rio Cuarto X5804BYA Rio Cuarto Argentina Natl Univ Rio Cuarto Engn Sch Grp Appl Math Dept Mech Ruta Nacl 36KM 601 Rio Cuarto Argentina Natl Univ Rio Cuarto Engn Sch Grp Appl Math Dept Basic Sci Ruta Nacl 36KM 601 Rio Cuarto Argentina Leibniz Univ Hannover Inst Struct Anal Wind Hannover Appelstr 9A D-30167 Hannover Germany Univ Bergen Geophys Inst Allegaten 70 N-5007 Bergen Norway Univ Bergen Bergen Offshore WindCtr Allegaten 70 N-5007 Bergen Norway Natl Council Sci & Tech Res Godoy Cruz 22990C1425FQB Buenos Aires DF Argentina

Reliable aerodynamic and aeroelastic simulations of advanced aeronautical/mechanical systems require us to predict flow-induced forces as accurately as possible. Nowadays, computational fluid dynamic techniques are quite popular, but at an overwhelming computational cost. Consequently, methods like the unsteady vortex-lattice method (UVLM) became the workhorses for many simulation environments. Then, numerous UVLM-based codes using diverse numerical schemes, enhanced by several add-ons and implemented following different programming paradigms, were available in the literature. However, there is no set of benchmark cases intended for the systematic verification of those codes relying on the UVLM. Therefore, we provide six fully reproducible benchmark cases that can be used for such an end. We also describe two in-house UVLM-based codes that are well suited for aerodynamic simulations and for being encapsulated as an aerodynamic engine within partitioned aeroelastic simulation schemes. Because both codes follow radically different implementation philosophies, these represent excellent candidates to undergo the series of benchmark cases proposed. The work is completed by providing a valuable dataset and comparison criteria to measure to what extent two or more codes are in agreement. Along this path, for very first time, we use a comparison strategy to contrast free-wake methods based on the Hausdorff distance.

关键词： Aerodynamic Characteristics Vortex Filaments software verification and validation Unsteady Aerodynamics Time-Domain Unsteady Aerodynamics Simulation Based verification Vortex Lattice Method

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A novel test article for computational electromagnetics (CEM) code testing and validation - The transformable scale aircraft-like model (TSAM)

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IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE 1997年第3期39卷 92-98页

作者： Volakis, JL Rome Lab. NY USA

An overview of the TSAM concept is presented, and a description of the TSAM configuration (including antennas) is given. A representative set of measured TSAM antenna patterns and isolation results are shown, which illustrate the ease of identifying platform-scattering effects unambiguously and accurately. A set of TSAM radiation patterns and isolation data are used to perform preliminary validation studies, using computed patterns and isolation data from the Rome Laboratory GEMACS code. A brief description is also given of a proposed second-generation TSAM, the purpose of which will be to expand the capabilities and accuracy of the present TSAM, to serve as a national benchmark for antenna/platform CEM problems.

关键词： electromagnetic measurements software verification and validation computational electromagnetics

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Enhancing Defect Tracking Systems to Facilitate software Quality Improvement

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IEEE software 2012年第2期29卷 59-66页

作者： Li, Jingyue Stalhane, Tor Conradi, Reidar Kristiansen, Jan M. W. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp & Informat Sci Trondheim Norway

For projects that rely on empirical process control and deliver frequently working versions of software, developers and project managers regularly need to examine the status of their software quality. This study illustrates that simple goal-oriented changes or extensions to the existing data of projects' respective defect tracking systems could provide valuable and prompt information to improve their software quality assessment and assurance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

关键词： Formal verification process implementation and change Quality assessment quality measurement software development software quality software quality assessment software verification and validation SQA Tracking V and V

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A verifiable language for programming real-time communication schedules

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 2007年第11期56卷 1505-1519页

作者： Fischmeister, Sebastian Sokolsky, Oleg Lee, Insup Univ Penn Sch Comp & Informat Sci Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Distributed hard real-time systems require predictable communication at the network level and verifiable communication behavior at the application level. At the network level, communication between nodes must be guaranteed to happen within bounded time and one common approach is to restrict the network access by enforcing a time-division multiple access (TDMA) schedule. At the application level, the application's communication behavior should be verified to ensure that the application uses the predictable communication in the intended way. Network Code is a domain-specific programming language to write a predictable verifiable distributed communication for distributed real-time applications. In this paper, we present the syntax and semantics of Network Code, how we can implement different scheduling policies, and how we can use tools such as model checking to formally verify the properties of Network Code programs. We also present an implementation of a runtime system for executing Network Code on top of RTLinux and measure the overhead incurred from the runtime system.

关键词： real-time systems scheduling time division multiaccess networks software verification and validation

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verification of Camera-Based Autonomous Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2023年第10期42卷 3450-3463页

作者： Habeeb, P. Deka, Nabarun D'Souza, Deepak Lodaya, Kamal Prabhakar, Pavithra Indian Inst Sci Dept Comp Sci & Automat Bangalore 560012 India Inst Math Sci Chennai 600113 India Kansas State Univ Dept Comp Sci Manhattan KS 66506 USA

We consider the problem of verifying the safety of the trajectories of a camera-based autonomous vehicle in a given 3-D-scene. We give a procedure to verify that all trajectories starting from a given initial region reach a specified target region safely without colliding with obstacles on the way. We also give a prioritization-based falsification procedure that collects unsafe trajectories. Both our procedures are based on the key notion of image-invariant regions, which are regions within which the captured images are identical. We evaluate our methods on a model of an autonomous road-following drone in a variety of 3-D-scenes;our experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of our approach for both safety analysis and falsification.

关键词： Cameras Trajectory Sensors Image color analysis Apertures Laser radar Autonomous vehicles cameras mobile robots software verification and validation

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SIVA UAV: A Case Study for the EMC Analysis of Composite Air Vehicles

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY 2017年第4期59卷 1103-1113页

作者： Cabello, Miguel R. Fernandez, Sergio Pous, Marc Pascual-Gil, Enrique Angulo, Luis D. Lopez, Patricia Riu, Pere J. Gutierrez, Guadalupe G. Mateos, Daniel Poyatos, David Fernandez, Mireya Alvarez, Jesus Pantoja, Mario F. Anon, Manuel Silva, Ferran Bretones, Amelia R. Trallero, Rafael Nuno, Luis Escot, David Martin, Rafael G. Garcia, Salvador G. Univ Granada Dept Electromagnetism & Matter Phys E-18071 Granada Spain Univ Granada Dept Electromagnetism E-18071 Granada Spain Univ Granada E-18071 Granada Spain INTA New York NY 10017 USA INTA Radiofrequency Area New York NY 10017 USA INTA Electromagnet Compatibil Area New York NY 10017 USA INTA Aerosp Programs Test Ctr Qualificat Civil & Mil A New York NY 10017 USA Univ Politecn Cataluna Barcelona 08034 Spain Univ Politecn Cataluna Dept Elect Engn Barcelona 08034 Spain Univ Politecn Cataluna Sch Elect & Telecom Engn ETSETB Barcelona 08034 Spain AIRBUS DS NL-2303 Leiden Netherlands Univ Politecn Valencia Dept Commun Valencia 46022 Spain

The increased use of carbon-fiber composites in unmanned aerial vehicles is a challenge for their EMC assessment by numerical solvers. For accurate and reliable simulations, numerical procedures should be tested not only for individual components, but also within the framework of complete systems. With this aim, this paper presents a benchmark test case based on experimental measurements coming from direct-current injection tests in the SIVA unmanned air vehicle, reproduced by a numerical finite-difference-time-domain solver that employs a new subgridding scheme to treat lossy composite thin panels. validation was undertaken by applying the feature selective validation method, which quantifies the agreement between experimental and numerical data.

关键词： Aerospace simulation Finite-difference methods numerical analysis software verification and validation

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Stereopsis Only: validation of a Monocular Depth Cues Reduced Gamified Virtual Reality with Reaction Time Measurement

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2022年第5期28卷 2114-2124页

作者： Mehringer, Wolfgang Wirth, Markus Roth, Daniel Michelson, Georg Eskofier, Bjoern M. Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Machine Learning & Data Analyt Lab Erlangen Bavaria Germany Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Human Ctr Comp & Extended Real Erlangen Bavaria Germany Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU Dept Ophthalmol Erlangen Bavaria Germany

The visual depth perception is composed of monocular and binocular depth cues. Studies show that in absence of binocular depth cues the performance of visuomotor tasks like pointing to or grasping objects is limited. Thus, binocular depth cues are of great importance for motor control required in everyday life. However, binocular depth cues like retinal disparity (basis for stereopsis) might be influenced due to developmental disorders of the visual system. For example, amblyopia in which one eye's visual input is not processed leads to loss of stereopsis. The primary amblyopia treatment is occlusion of the healthy eye to force the amblyopic eye to train. However, improvements in stereopsis are poor. Therefore, binocular treatments arose that equilibrate both eyes' visual input to enable binocular vision. However, most approaches rely on divided stimuli which do not account for loss of stereopsis. We created a Virtual Reality (VR) with reduced monocular depth cues in which a stereoscopic task is shown to both eyes simultaneously, consisting of two balls jumping towards the user. One ball appears closer to the user which must be identified. To evaluate the task performance the reaction time is measured. We validated our approach with 18 participants with stereopsis under three contrast settings including one leading to monocular vision. The number of correct responses reduces from 90% under binocular vision to 52% under monocular vision corresponding to random guessing. Our results indicate that it is possible to disable monocular depth cues and create a dynamic stereoscopic task inside a VR.

关键词： Visualization Task analysis Games Stereo image processing Training Headphones Vision defects software verification and validation Virtual reality Stereo vision Visualization design

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Design and analysis of synchronization for real-time closed-loop control in robotics

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY 1998年第4期6卷 445-461页

作者： Simon, D Castaneda, EC Freedman, P INRIA Sophia Antipolis F-06902 Sophia Antipolis France Univ Autonoma Queretaro Fac Ingn Ctr Univ Queretaro Mexico CRIM Montreal PQ H3A 2N4 Canada

In the framework of the ORCCAD system, periodic and multirate control laws are implemented in terms of a set of computing tasks to be executed under a real-time operating system. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that partially synchronizing such tasks can improve the practical performance of the implementation. However, using synchronizations may lead to dead-locks or temporal inconsistencies. In this paper, we examine the consequences of introducing such synchronization in terms of structural and temporal problems which may occur and how they may be detected using Petri net modeling and analysis. We conclude with some guidelines about how to add such synchronization to design deadlock-free and efficient implementations of real-time periodic control laws.

关键词： multitasking Petri nets real-time systems robots software verification and validation synchronization

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Formal Specification and verification of Industrial Control Logic Components

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2010年第3期7卷 538-548页

作者： Ljungkrantz, Oscar Akesson, Knut Fabian, Martin Yuan, Chengyin Chalmers Univ Technol Dept Signals & Syst SE-41296 Gothenburg Sweden Gen Motors Res & Dev Warren MI 48092 USA

Component-based programming frameworks for industrial control logic development promise to shorten development and modification times, and to reduce programming errors. To get these benefits, it is, however, important that the components are specified and verified to work properly. This work introduces Reusable Automation Components (RACs), which contain not only the implementation details but also a formal specification defining the correct use and behaviour of the component. This formal specification uses temporal logic to describe time-related properties and has a special structure developed to meet industrial control needs. The RAC can be formally verified, to determine whether the implementation fulfils the specification or not. A RAC prototype development tool has been developed to demonstrate this capability. The main difference between the RAC and other frameworks for formal verification of control logic is the specification modeling. In RAC, not only the implementation but also the specification is based on the structure and languages of conventional control logic, aiming at being easy to comprehend for control logic engineers. Several industrial examples are discussed in this paper, showing the benefits and potential of the framework. Note to Practitioners-Today robots and machines in automated production are usually controlled by a special industrial computer called Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Although PLC programs are widely used in manufacturing industry, current programs tend to be difficult and time-consuming to modify when needed. They are also often tested to work first on the real equipment, which may be expensive since the regular production is stopped for code testing and error resolving. In this work, we introduce Reusable Automation Components (RACs), to facilitate PLC program development. Reusing components may speed up the development and also reduce the number of errors, if the components are already verified to work properly before

关键词： Design by contract formal verification manufacturing automation software programmable logic controller (PLC) software requirements and specifications software reusability software verification and validation

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