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RAIRO-THEORETICAL INFORMATICS AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第1期58卷

作者： Cioni, Lapo Ferrari, Luca Univ Firenze Dipartimento Matemat & Informat U Dini Florence Italy

We introduce a new sorting device for permutations, which we call popqueue. It consists of a special queue, having the property that any time one wants to extract elements from the queue, actually all the elements currently in the queue are poured into the output. We illustrate two distinct optimal algorithms, called Min and Cons, to sort a permutation using such a device, which allow us also to characterize sortable permutations in terms of pattern avoidance. We next investigate what happens by making two passes through a popqueue, showing that the set of sortable permutations is not a class for Min, whereas it is for Cons. In the latter case we also explicitly find the basis of the class of sortable permutations. Finally, we study preimages under Cons (by means of an equivalent version of the algorithm), and find a characterization of the set of preimages of a given permutation. We also give some enumerative results concerning the number of permutations having k preimages, for k = 1, 2, 3, and we conclude by observing that there exist permutations having k preimages for any value of k >= 0.

关键词： sorting algorithm popqueue enumeration pattern avoidance permutation

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PARALLEL HOPFIELD MACHINE

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NEUROCOMPUTING 1992年第1-2期4卷 89-91页

作者： PAVLIK, P CZECHOSLOVAK ACAD SCI CTR GEN COMP CS-18207 PRAGUE 8 CZECHOSLOVAKIA

A fully digital parallel Hopfield machine is described. Its speed has been achieved at the cost of representing the weights in the unary form (i.e. the number of digits is the value and there is only one type of digit). The inner product 'weight by neuron state' ('integer by binary') is realized by a special circuit which provides addition of all terms in parallel. It is based on the parallel binary sorting algorithm implemented by a combination circuit composed of checkerboard-pattern regular blocks. The thresholding is performed by sensing the central bit of the unary-represented value of the inner product. As all hardware is composed of combination circuits, the only synchronized process is the Hopfield iteration step. The machine includes learning: it contains a storage of all input patterns, and the corresponding weights are computed at a time using a hard-wired Hebbian formula.

关键词： HOPFIELD MACHINE sorting algorithm HEBBIAN FORMULA

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Practical Linear-Time O(1)-Workspace Suffix sorting for Constant Alphabets

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2013年第3期31卷 15-15页

作者： Nong, Ge Sun Yat Sen Univ Dept Comp Sci Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong Peoples R China

This article presents an O(n)-time algorithm called SACA-K for sorting the suffixes of an input string T[0, n-1] over an alphabet A[0, K-1]. The problem of sorting the suffixes of T is also known as constructing the suffix array (SA) for T. The theoretical memory usage of SACA-K is n log K+n log n+K log n bits. Moreover, we also have a practical implementation for SACA-K that uses n bytes +(n + 256) words and is suitable for strings over any alphabet up to full ASCII, where a word is log n bits. In our experiment, SACA-K outperforms SA-IS that was previously the most time-and space-efficient linear-time SA construction algorithm (SACA). SACA-K is around 33% faster and uses a smaller deterministic workspace of K words, where the workspace is the space needed beyond the input string and the output SA. Given K = O(1), SACA-K runs in linear time and O(1) workspace. To the best of our knowledge, such a result is the first reported in the literature with a practical source code publicly available.

关键词： algorithms Performance Suffix array sorting algorithm linear time O(1)-workspace

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A Robust Sclera Segmentation algorithm 7

A Robust Sclera Segmentation Algorithm

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IEEE 7th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)

作者： Radu, Petru Ferryman, James Wild, Peter Univ Reading Sch Syst Engn Computat Vis Grp Reading RG6 2AH Berks England

ISBN: (纸本)9781479987771

Sclera segmentation is shown to be of significant importance for eye and iris biometrics. However, sclera segmentation has not been extensively researched as a separate topic, but mainly summarized as a component of a broader task. This paper proposes a novel sclera segmentation algorithm for colour images which operates at pixel-level. Exploring various colour spaces, the proposed approach is robust to image noise and different gaze directions. The algorithm's robustness is enhanced by a two-stage classifier. At the first stage, a set of simple classifiers is employed, while at the second stage, a neural network classifier operates on the probabilities' space generated by the classifiers at the stage 1. The proposed method was ranked 1st in Sclera Segmentation Benchmarking Competition 2015, part of BTAS 2015, with a precision of 95.05% corresponding to a recall of 94.56%.

关键词： Classification algorithms Image color analysis Image segmentation Iris recognition Object segmentation Robustness Training image colour analysis Object segmentation iris recognition sorting algorithm Sclera image segmentation Classifiers Robustness Functional training segmentation Segmentation color image

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Monitoring Great Lakes ice cover with satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR)

Monitoring Great Lakes ice cover with satellite synthetic ap...

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IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

作者： Leshkevich, GA Nghiem, SV Kwok, R NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363590

During the 1997 winter season, shipborne polarimetric backscatter measurements of Great Lakes ice types using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) C-band scatterometer, together with surface-based ice physical characterization measurements and environmental parameters were acquired concurrently with RADARSAT and ERS-2 SAR data. Using a supervised classification algorithm, measured backscatter values (converted to dB) for three ice types and calm water were applied to an 8 x 8 pixel averaged ERS-2 calibrated SAR image. Certain assumptions were made on the local incidence angle, one of which was that any change in incidence angle across a distributed target was neglected, i.e. a distributed target corresponds to one average value of the incidence angle (23 degrees was used). Although the calculated overall uncertainty was about +/- 1 dB as a result of the averaging and incidence angle effect, an algorithm to correct for power loss and local incidence angle effect is applied in this study to the ERS-2 image, resulting in a more accurate classification.

关键词： angle of incidence Synthetic aperture radar Ice Types sorting algorithm stagnant area RADARSAT Ice Cover decibel Great Lakes power loss environmental parameters mean value winter season averaging

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A Review of the Basics Statistical Concepts Used in Clinical Tests Interpretation and Decision Support 44

A Review of the Basics Statistical Concepts Used in Clinical...

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44th Computing in Cardiology Conference (CinC)

作者： Wang, John Philips Healthcare MS-4308 3000 Minuteman Rd Andover MA 01810 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538645550;9781538666302

Numerous diagnostic tests are routinely performed clinically to: 1) screen for disease, 2) establish or rule out a diagnosis, and 3) track and monitor disease progression and effectiveness of treatment. Thus, interpretation of diagnostic test results is critical in supporting clinical decisions for the most effective patient management. The basic performance statistics required in the test results interpretation, including sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), overall accuracy (ACC), pretest likelihood (prevalence), and posttest likelihood including positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) are reviewed. The definitions and formulas of these performance measures and their relationships are summarized. Unlike Se and Sp, which are independent of the prevalence of the condition being tested, the other three performance measures PPV, NPV, and ACC depend on the disease prevalence. It is very important to understand the impact of disease prevalence when using these performance measures in reporting and interpreting the test results. The problem (also known as "accuracy paradox") of using the single performance measure ACC to characterize the test performance is described and explained. Despite its simplicity and frequent use in the published literatures for performance reporting, it is shown that the overall accuracy is not a reliable performance measure and its use should be avoided. The most important relationship of PPV as a function of the pretest likelihood and the accuracy of the test method (specified by Se and Sp) is clearly described and explained. With a clear understanding of the relationship between the pretest likelihood and PPV, discussion of several topics are presented to show how these basic statistical concepts can be applied in a variety of situations for effective decision support and patient management.

关键词： Sensitivity Diseases Sensitivity and specificity Classification algorithms Sociology Statistics Monitoring sorting algorithm Sociology decision making support statistical concepts Sensitivity and Specificity maladjustment p-phenyl vinyl Clinical Test Result Selenium Adaptive cruise control 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid Performance metrics ABNORMAL CONDITION CONTROL PRETEST Performance Tests

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Classification Based on Distribution of Average Matching Degree and Gaussian Function and Its Application to Intrusion Detection

Classification Based on Distribution of Average Matching Deg...

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Annual Conference of the Society-of-Instrument-and-Control-Engineers (SICE)

作者： Li, Yuhong Mabu, Shingo Lu, Nannan Hirasawa, Kotaro Waseda Univ Grad Sch Informat Prod & Syst Wakamatsu Ku Kitakyushu Fukuoka 8080135 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9784907764401

With the rapid development of the Internet, Internet security is becoming an important problem recently. Therefore, many techniques for intrusion detection have been proposed to protect networks effectively. In this paper, a new classification model, named classification with average matching degree and gaussian function, is proposed and combined with the class association rule mining of Genetic Network Programming (GNP). The proposed classification algorithm can efficiently classify a new access data into a class of normal, misuse or anomaly. The simulations are based on NSL-KDD data set.

关键词： Data Security Gauss equation sorting algorithm Network security

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Ham or Spam? A comparative study for some Content-based Classification algorithms for Email Filtering

Ham or Spam? A comparative study for some Content-based Clas...

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17th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)

作者： Saab, Salwa Adriana Mitri, Nicholas Awad, Mariette Amer Univ Beirut Fac Elect & Comp Engn Beirut Lebanon

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923373

Spam emails are widely spreading to constitute a significant share of everyone's daily inbox. Being a source of financial loss and inconvenience for the recipients, spam emails have to be filtered and separated from legitimate ones. This paper presents a survey of some popular filtering algorithms that rely on text classification to decide whether an email is unsolicited or not. A comparison among them is performed on the SpamBase dataset to identify the best classification algorithm in terms of accuracy, computational time, and precision/recall rates.

关键词： e-mail filters electronic mail Unsolicited electronic mail sorting algorithm Ham Text categorization Filtering algorithms Recipients

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Accelerating Large-Scale sorting through Parallel algorithms

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第1期12卷 131-138页

作者： Yahya Alhabboub Fares Almutairi Mohammed Safhi Yazan Alqahtani Adam Almeedani Yasir Alguwaifli College of Computer Science and Information Technology Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia

This study explores the application of parallel algorithms to enhance large-scale sorting, focusing on the QuickSort method. Implemented in both sequential and parallel forms, the paper provides a detailed comparison of their performance. This study investigates the efficacy of both techniques through the lens of array generation and pivot selection to manage datasets of varying sizes. This study meticulously documents the performance metrics, recording 16,499.2 milliseconds for the serial implementation and 16,339 milliseconds for the parallel implementation when sorting an array by using C++ chrono library. These results suggest that while the performance gains of the parallel approach over its serial counterpart are not immediately pronounced for smaller datasets, the benefits are expected to be more substantial as the dataset size increases.

关键词： sorting algorithm Quick Sort QuickSort Parallel Parallel algorithms

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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation using a new modified fuzzy c-means algorithm

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation using a ne...

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IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

作者： Chumsamrong, W Thitimajshima, P Rangsanseri, Y King Mongkuts Inst Technol Ladkrabang Fac Engn Dept Telecommun Engn Bangkok 10520 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)0780363590

Generally fuzzy c-means algorithm is one proved that very well suited for remote sensing image segmentation. exhibited sensitivity to the initial guess with regard to both speed and stability. But it also showed sensitivity to noise. This paper proposes a fully automatic technique to obtain image clusters. A modified fuzzy c-means classification algorithm is used to provide a fuzzy partition. This method is less sensitive to noise as it filters the image while clustering it, which is based on the consideration of the neighbors as factors the attract pixels into their cluster, The experimental results on JERS-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image demonstrate its potential usefulness.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar image segmentation fuzzy partition sorting algorithm Fuzzy Image JERS

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