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Macro and file structure preservation in source-to-source translation

SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 1996年第3期26卷 281-292页

作者： Andrews, K DelVigna, P Molloy, M Tandem Computers Incorporated 19333 Vallco Parkway Loc 252–30 Cupertino CA 95014 U.S.A. Tandem Computers Incorporated 19333 Vallco Parkway Loc 252–30 Cupertino CA 95014 U.S.A. Tandem Computers Incorporated 19333 Vallco Parkway Loc 252–30 Cupertino CA 95014 U.S.A.

This paper describes a strategy for translating macro definitions and uses in the context of performing automated source-to-source translation between high-level programming languages. This translation technology enables macros and other preprocessor structures to be preserved in the generated source, It is useful for generating readable and maintainable code.

关键词： source-to-source translation language conversion macro translation

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PWCT2: A Self-Hosting Visual Programming Language Based on Ring with Interactive Textual-to-Visual Code Conversion

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2025年第3期15卷 1521-1521页

作者： Fayed, Mahmoud Samir Alohali, Yousef A. King Saud Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Comp Sci Dept Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

Visual programming languages (VPLs) play a significant role in simplifying the process of learning to program and reducing development time. Most VPLs are developed for use in education or specific domains. Recently, some projects have aimed to provide general-purpose VPLs. Among these projects is the Programming Without Coding Technology (PWCT) project, which has been used for several years to develop and maintain the compiler and virtual machine for the Ring programming language. However, PWCT faces several issues related to code generation performance and the operating systems it supports. Additionally, its visual editor lacks many features, such as rich comments, auto-run, and the ability to import textual code, which are highly important in the era of using large language models for generating textual code. In this research, we present the PWCT2 visual programming language, which is distributed on the Steam platform. On Steam, 1772 users have launched the software, and the total usage time recorded exceeds 17,000 h. This generation provides approximately 36 times faster code generation and 20 times lower storage requirements for visual source files. It also allows for the conversion of Ring code into visual code, enabling the creation of a self-hosting VPL. It consists of approximately 92,000 lines of Ring code and comes with 394 visual components. Moreover, using Ring in this project demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing the language for projects of this scale. Ring compiles PWCT2 in less than one second, and the generated bytecode consists of approximately 724,000 instructions.

关键词： self-hosting visual programming ring language source-to-source translation

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Characterizing the challenges and evaluating the efficacy of a CUDA-to-OpenCL translator

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PARALLEL COMPUTING 2013年第12期39卷 769-786页

作者： Gardner, Mark Sathre, Paul Feng, Wu-Chun Martinez, Gabriel Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24060 USA

The proliferation of heterogeneous computing systems has led to increased interest in parallel architectures and their associated programming models. One of the most promising models for heterogeneous computing is the accelerator model, and one of the most cost-effective, high-performance accelerators currently available is the general-purpose, graphics processing unit (GPU). Two similar programming environments have been proposed for GPUs: CUDA and OpenCL. While there are more lines of code already written in CUDA, OpenCL is an open standard that supports a broader. Hence, there is significant interest in automatic translation from CUDA to OpenCL. The contributions of this work are three-fold: (1) an extensive characterization of the subtle challenges of translation, (2) CU2CL (CUDA to OpenCL) - an implementation of a translator, and (3) an evaluation of CU2CL with respect to coverage of CUDA, translation performance, and performance of the translated applications. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： source-to-source translation GPU CUDA OpenCL

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COMPILING FOR DISTRIBUTED-MEMORY SYSTEMS

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1993年第2期81卷 264-287页

作者： ZIMA, HP CHAPMAN, BM UNIV BONN W-5300 BONN GERMANY RICE UNIV HOUSTON TX 77251 USA

Distributed-memory systems are potentially scalable to a very large number of processors and promise to be powerful tools for solving large-scale scientific and engineering problems. However, these machines are currently difficult to program, since the user has to distribute the data across the processors and explicitly formulate the communication required by the program under the selected distribution. During the past years, language extensions of standard programming languages such as Fortran were developed that allow a concise formulation of data distribution, and new compilation methods were designed and implemented that allow the programming of such machines at this relatively high level. In this paper, we describe the current state of the art in compiling procedural languages (in particular, Fortran) for distributed-memory machines, analyze the limitations of these approaches, and outline future research.

关键词： Data Parallel FORTRAN FORTRAN Message-Passing FORTRAN distributed-memory systems equivalent parallel message-passing programs extended FORTRAN 77 global addresses machine-independent language extension optimization methods parallel programming program compilers run-time analysis source-to-source translation

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HIPA^cc : A Domain-Specific Language and Compiler for Image Processing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2016年第1期27卷 210-224页

作者： Membarth, Richard Reiche, Oliver Hannig, Frank Teich, Juergen Koerner, Mario Eckert, Wieland German Res Ctr Artificial Intelligence Saarbrucken Germany Univ Saarland Comp Graph Lab D-66123 Saarbrucken Germany Univ Saarland Intel Visual Comp Inst D-66123 Saarbrucken Germany Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Dept Comp Sci D-91054 Erlangen Germany Siemens Healthcare Sect Forchheim Germany Siemens Corp Technol Erlangen Germany

Domain-specific languages (DSLs) provide high-level and domain-specific abstractions that allow expressive and concise algorithm descriptions. Since the description in a DSL hides also the properties of the target hardware, DSLs are a promising path to target different parallel and heterogeneous hardware from the same algorithm description. In theory, the DSL description can capture all characteristics of the algorithm that are required to generate highly efficient parallel implementations. However, most frameworks do not make use of this knowledge and the performance cannot reach that of optimized library implementations. In this article, we present the HIPA(cc) framework, a DSL and source-to-source compiler for image processing. We show that domain knowledge can be captured in the language and that this knowledge enables us to generate tailored implementations for a given target architecture. Back ends for CUDA, OpenCL, and Renderscript allow us to target discrete graphics processing units (GPUs) as well as mobile, embedded GPUs. Exploiting the captured domain knowledge, we can generate specialized algorithm variants that reach the maximal achievable performance due to the peak memory bandwidth. These implementations outperform state-of-the-art domain-specific languages and libraries significantly.

关键词： Domain-specific language image processing code generation source-to-source translation GPU CUDA OpenCL Renderscript

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Automatic translation of data parallel programs for heterogeneous parallelism through OpenMP offloading

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2021年第5期77卷 4957-4987页

作者： Wang, Farui Zhang, Weizhe Guo, Haonan Hao, Meng Lu, Gangzhao Wang, Zheng Harbin Inst Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Harbin Heilongjiang Peoples R China Univ Leeds Sch Comp Leeds W Yorkshire England

Heterogeneous multicores like GPGPUs are now commonplace in modern computing systems. Although heterogeneous multicores offer the potential for high performance, programmers are struggling to program such systems. This paper presents OAO, a compiler-based approach to automatically translate shared-memory OpenMP data-parallel programs to run on heterogeneous multicores through OpenMP offloading directives. Given the large user base of shared memory OpenMP programs, our approach allows programmers to continue using a single-source-based programming language that they are familiar with while benefiting from the heterogeneous performance. OAO introduces a novel runtime optimization scheme to automatically eliminate unnecessary host-device communication to minimize the communication overhead between the host and the accelerator device. We evaluate OAO by applying it to 23 benchmarks from the PolyBench and Rodinia suites on two distinct GPU platforms. Experimental results show that OAO achieves up to 32x speedup over the original OpenMP version, and can reduce the host-device communication overhead by up to 99% over the hand-translated version.

关键词： Heterogeneous computing source-to-source translation OpenMP offloading Compilation optimization GPUs

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Panda: A Compiler Framework for Concurrent CPUGPU Execution of 3D Stencil Computations on GPU-accelerated Supercomputers

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLEL PROGRAMMING 2017年第3期45卷 711-729页

作者： Sourouri, Mohammed Baden, Scott B. Cai, Xing Simula Res Lab Oslo Norway Univ Oslo Dept Informat Oslo Norway Univ Calif San Diego Dept Comp Sci & Engn San Diego CA 92103 USA

We present a new compiler framework for truly heterogeneous 3D stencil computation on GPU clusters. Our framework consists of a simple directive-based programming model and a tightly integrated source-to-source compiler. Annotated with a small number of directives, sequential stencil C codes can be automatically parallelized for large-scale GPU clusters. The most distinctive feature of the compiler is its capability to generate hybrid MPICUDAOpenMP code that uses concurrent CPUGPU computing to unleash the full potential of powerful GPU clusters. The auto-generated hybrid codes hide the overhead of various data motion by overlapping them with computation. Test results on the Titan supercomputer and the Wilkes cluster show that auto-translated codes can achieve about 90 % of the performance of highly optimized handwritten codes, for both a simple stencil benchmark and a real-world application in cardiac modeling. The user-friendliness and performance of our domain-specific compiler framework allow harnessing the full power of GPU-accelerated supercomputing without painstaking coding effort.

关键词： source-to-source translation Code generation Code optimization CUDA, OpenMP MPI Stencil computation Heterogeneous computing CPU plus GPU computing

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An automatic interface insertion scheme for in-system verification of algorithm models in C

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2002年第12期E85A卷 2645-2654页

作者： Park, CJ Ki, A Park, IC Kyung, CM Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Yusong Gu Taejon 305701 South Korea Dynalith Syst Co Ltd Yusong Gu Taejon 305701 South Korea

This paper describes an automatic interface insertion scheme for in-system verification of algorithm models. To insert the interface, an algorithm model described in C is translated into another source code that includes the communication with hardware components in the target system to be validated with the algorithm model. The communication between the algorithm model and hardware components is achieved using transactors that perform transformation between access operations and bus cycle transactions. I/O terminal is introduced as an interface model to relate the transactions to access operations during the execution of the algorithm model, i.e., accesses to I/O terminals invoke bus cycle transactions in hardware and vice versa. An automatic interface insertion tool is developed using the source-to-source translation to identify the I/O terminals and insert interface function calls in the source code. The proposed automatic interface insertion scheme is validated by emulating several multimedia algorithms written in C on real target systems.

关键词： automatic interface insertion in-system verification source-to-source translation

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Transforming XSLT stylesheets into XQuery expressions and vice versa

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COMPUTER LANGUAGES SYSTEMS & STRUCTURES 2011年第2期37卷 76-111页

作者： Groppe, Sven Groppe, Jinghua Klein, Niklas Bettentrupp, Ralf Boettcher, Stefan Gruenwald, Le Med Univ Lubeck Inst Informat Syst IFIS D-23538 Lubeck Germany Univ Kassel Dept Elect Engn Comp Sci D-34121 Kassel Germany Univ Paderborn Fac 5 D-33102 Paderborn Germany Univ Oklahoma Sch Comp Sci Norman OK 73019 USA

XSLT and XQuery are the languages developed by the W3C for transforming and querying XML data. XSLT and XQuery have the same expressive power and can be indeed translated into each other. Many tools either support XSLT or XQuery. In this paper, we show how to translate XSLT stylesheets into equivalent XQuery expressions and vice versa, so that we can apply the same tools to both languages. We also present a performance analysis that compares the execution times of the translation of the original query and of its translated expression using various current XSLT processors and XQuery evaluators. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： XML XSLT XQuery source-to-source translation

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The Cetus source-to-source Compiler Infrastructure: Overview and Evaluation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLEL PROGRAMMING 2013年第6期41卷 753-767页

作者： Bae, Hansang Mustafa, Dheya Lee, Jae-Woo Aurangzeb Lin, Hao Dave, Chirag Eigenmann, Rudolf Midkiff, Samuel P. Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Qualcomm San Diego CA 92121 USA

This paper provides an overview and an evaluation of the Cetus source-to-source compiler infrastructure. The original goal of the Cetus project was to create an easy-to-use compiler for research in automatic parallelization of C programs. In meantime, Cetus has been used for many additional program transformation tasks. It serves as a compiler infrastructure for many projects in the US and internationally. Recently, Cetus has been supported by the National Science Foundation to build a community resource. The compiler has gone through several iterations of benchmark studies and implementations of those techniques that could improve the parallel performance of these programs. These efforts have resulted in a system that favorably compares with state-of-the-art parallelizers, such as Intel's ICC. A key limitation of advanced optimizing compilers is their lack of runtime information, such as the program input data. We will discuss and evaluate several techniques that support dynamic optimization decisions. Finally, as there is an extensive body of proposed compiler analyses and transformations for parallelization, the question of the importance of the techniques arises. This paper evaluates the impact of the individual Cetus techniques on overall program performance.

关键词： Automatic parallelization Compiler infrastructure source-to-source translation Performance

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