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Sum-rate maximization for a distributed space-time block code-aided cooperative NOMA with energy harvesting

WIRELESS NETWORKS 2025年第1期31卷 281-298页

作者： Alamu, Olumide Olwal, Thomas O. Djouani, Karim Tshwane Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn FSATI Pretoria South Africa Univ Paris Est Creteil LISSI LAB Ave Gen Gaulle F-9400 Creteil France

In this paper, we exploit the spatial and transmission diversities in cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) networks to improve the system sum-rate. To achieve this, we propose a user-pairing scheme where near-field user pairs serve as relays for user pairs in the far-field region. Based on this pairing scheme, we incorporate a space-time block code transmission technique at the near-field user pairs to maximize the transmission diversity in the cooperative phase. Moreover, we consider a non-linear energy harvesting model at the near-field user pair to alleviate the problem of energy consumption during the cooperative transmission phase. Further to this, we formulate a sum-rate maximization problem that is addressed from the viewpoint of joint power allocation factor and power splitting ratio optimization. We develop a low-computational iterative algorithm based on the concepts of the Stackelberg game and the Nash bargaining solution. We benchmark our findings with different scenarios, such as energy harvesting C-NOMA with a fixed power allocation factor and power splitting ratio, energy harvesting C-NOMA without STBC, non-cooperative NOMA, and orthogonal multiple access. The results obtained via simulations outperform the benchmark schemes.

关键词： Sum-rate Cooperative NOMA Energy harvesting space-time block code

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space-time block code and Spatial Multiplexing Design for Quadrature-OFDMA Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第10期60卷 3133-3142页

作者： Luo, Lin Zhang, Jian (Andrew) Davis, Linda M. Univ S Australia Inst Telecommun Res Adelaide SA 5001 Australia

To alleviate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), high complexity in user terminal and sensitivity to carrier frequency offset (CFO) problems in current orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, a Quadrature OFDM (Q-OFDMA) system has been recently proposed in the single-input single-output environment. In this paper we study the realization of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) diversity-and multiplexing-oriented methods for Q-OFDMA systems. An Alamouti-like space-time block code (STBC) and simple detection for spatial multiplexing (SM) for Q-OFDMA systems are constructed, both zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizers are investigated. The proposed STBC is a full diversity scheme, which encodes in intermediate domain and decodes in frequency domain. Analytical and empirical results demonstrate that the Q-OFDMA systems can be implemented flexibly and efficiently in a MIMO framework, and the proposed scheme can be easily applied in OFDMA and Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) by adjusting the parameters of Q-OFDMA.

关键词： Q-OFDMA space-time block code Alamouti spatial multiplexing PAPR

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Performance Analysis of Alamouti space-time block code Over time-Selective Fading Channels

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2013年第3期73卷 401-413页

作者： Van-Bien Pham Sheng, Wei-Xing Le Quy Don Tech Univ Fac Radio Elect Hanoi Vietnam Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Dept Commun Engn Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

Alamouti orthogonal space-time block code (Alamouti in IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 16(8):1451-1458, 1998) has been applied widely in wireless communication, e.g., IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard. In this paper, theoretical analysis of symbol error rate performance for Alamouti orthogonal space-time block code (AOSTBC) over time-selective fading channels with a zero-forcing linear receiver is derived. Firstly, a closed-form expression (i.e., not in integral form) is derived for the average symbol pair-wise error probability (SPEP) in time-selective frequency-nonselective independent identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels. Then, the SPEP is used to derive a tight upper bound (UB) for the symbol-error rate (SER) of AOSTBC via establishing algorithmic Bonferroni-type upper bound. Extensive simulation results show that the curves for the UB coincide with the simulated SER curves for various antenna configurations even at very low signal-to-noise ratio regimes. The UB thus can be used to accurately predict the performance of AOSTBC code over time-selective fading channels when a zero-forcing receiver is used.

关键词： space-time block code ZF decoding Performance analysis time-selective fading

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Sign Reversal Channel Switching Method in space-time block code for OFDM Systems

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2020年第2期E103A卷 567-570页

作者： Jung, Hyeok Koo Hanbat Natl Univ 125 Dongseo Daero Daejeon 34158 South Korea

This paper proposes a simple source data exchange method for channel switching in space-time block code. If one transmits source data on another antenna, then the receiver should change combining method in order to adapt it. No one except knowing the channel switching sequence can decode the received data correctly. In case of exchanging data for channel switching, four orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols are exchanged according to a format of space-time block code. In this paper, I proposes two simple sign exchanges without exchanging four orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing symbols which occurs a different combining and channel switching method in the receiver.

关键词： channel switching maximal ratio combining orthogonal frequency division multiplexing sign reversal space-time block code

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Performance evaluation of M-BOK based DS-UWB system with space-time block code

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2006年第6期E89B卷 1935-1938页

作者： Lee, Chul-Seung You, Young-Hwan Song, Hyoung-Kyu Sejong Univ uT Commun Res Inst Seoul South Korea

In this letter, we evaluate the M-BOK based DS-UWB system that uses a space-time block code (STBC) with Rake receivers in the WPAN environment. The conventional DS-UWB system doesn't ensure receiver reliability for the WPAN envrionment due to multipath fading, while the proposed M-BOK based DS-UWB system employing a STBC can overcome multipath fading causing attenuation of receiver reliability in the WPAN environment. In addition, a simple diversity combining receiver, called PRake receiver, shows the performance similar to that of a ARake receiver using the ideal diversity combining and reduces the receiver complexity.

关键词： DS-UWB space-time block code rake receiver CAZAC

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Joint channel estimation and symbol detection for space-time block code

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2004年第3期15卷 266-269页

作者：单淑伟罗汉文宋文涛 DepartmentofElectronicEngineering ShanghaiJiaotongUniversityShanghai200030P.R.China

The simplified joint channel estimation and symbol detection based on the EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm for space-time block code (STBC) are proposed. By assuming channel to be invariant within only one STBC word and utilizing the orthogonal structure of STBC, the computational complexity and cost of this algorithm are both very low, so it is very suitable to implementation in real systems.

关键词： space-time block code expectation-maximization algorithm channel estimation symbol detection.

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Performance Improvement of Binary Sensor-Based Statistical space-time block code Cooperative Diversity Using Limited Feedback

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IETE TECHNICAL REVIEW 2010年第1期27卷 60-67页

作者： Eksim, Ali Celebi, Mehmet Ertugrul Tubitak UEKAE TR-41470 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey Istanbul Tech Univ Dept Elect & Commun Engn TR-80626 Istanbul Turkey

The statistical cooperative diversity, based on space-time block codes (statistical STBC cooperative -diversity) is proposed for binary sensors by several authors. Since Alamoutis code is the only orthogonal code which achieves full diversity and full rate for two sensors, it is used in their works, and their achievable diversity order is 2. Instead of using Alamoutis code, we use extended cooperative space-time block coding (ECBSTBC) which achieves full diversity which is shown analytically and full rate for an arbitrary number of sensors if a limited feedback is available at the active sensors. Another method to increase diversity in cooperative communications is sensor (relay) selection. However, the sensor selection method may lead to the selection of the same (near) sensor for transmission over a long period causing the energy hole problem in sensor networks. The ECBSTBC which utilizes every sensor in sight thus distributes the energy consumption among active sensors and alleviates the energy hole problem. In addition, it can be shown with detailed simulations that the ECBSTBC outperforms both the statistical STBC cooperative diversity and the sensor selection schemes.

关键词： Balanced space-time block codes Cooperative communications Energy efficiency Energy hole problem Observation noise space-time block code Wireless sensor networks

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Comprehensive study on a 2 x 2 full-rate and linear decoding complexity space-time block code

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2015年第1期9卷 122-132页

作者： Hosseini, Seyyed Saleh Talebi, Siamak Abouei, Jamshid Islamic Azad Univ Bardsir Branch Dept Comp Engn Kerman Iran Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman Dept Elect Engn Kerman Iran Sharif Univ Technol Adv Commun Res Inst Tehran Iran Yazd Univ ECE Dept Yazd Iran

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the Full-Rate and Linear-Receiver (FRLR) STBC proposed as a newly coding scheme with the low decoding complexity for a 2x2 MIMO system. It is shown that the FRLR code suffers from the lack of the non-vanishing determinant (NVD) property that is a key parameter in designing a full-rate STBC with a good performance in higher data rates, across QAM constellation. To overcome this drawback, we show that the existence of the NVD feature for the FRLR code depends on the type of the modulation. In particular, it is analytically proved that the FRLR code fulfills the NVD property across the PAM constellation but not for the QAM scheme. Simulation results show that, at a BER equal to 10(-4), utilising the PAM modulation for the FRLR-STBC, provides about 2dB gain over a use of the QAM when the bandwidth efficiency is 6b/s/Hz. In addition, for the PAM constellation, the FRLR code significantly outperforms some existing full-rate STBCs. Finally, we utilise the moment generating function approach to derive an exact closed-form expression for the average error probability of the FRLR code with the BPSK modulation.

关键词： block codes MIMO communication quadrature amplitude modulation pulse amplitude modulation error statistics phase shift keying linear decoding space-time block code STBC full-rate and linear-receiver FRLR multiple-input-multiple-output system MIMO system nonvanishing determinant NVD quadrature amplitude modulation QAM pulse amplitude modulation PAM modulation scheme pseudo global-local search bit error rate BER closed-form expression binary phase shift keying modulation signal-to-noise ratio

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Automatic space-time block code Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network With Multi-Delay Features Fusion

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 79994-80005页

作者： Zhang, Yuyuan Yan, Wenjun Zhang, Limin Ma, Ling Naval Aviat Univ Dept Informat Fus Yantai 264001 Peoples R China Naval Aviat Univ Coll Coastal Def Yantai 264001 Peoples R China

Automatic signal recognition (ASR) is becoming increasingly important in spectrum identification and cognitive radio, but most existing space-time block code (STBC) recognition algorithms are traditional ones and do not account for the complementarities between different features. To overcome these deficiencies, a multi-delay features fusion scheme for ASR of STBC using a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed in this study. The proposed scheme tries to fuse different time-delay features of received STBC signals to obtain more discriminating features. The dilated convolution of different dilation rates is applied to realize automated multi-delay feature extraction. Then, two fusion methods, i.e., max-correlation (MC) fusion and multi-delay average (MDA) fusion, are proposed to combine the features of different time delays, and a residual block is applied to achieve better representation of signals. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method. It is notable that the recognition accuracy can reach 97.4% with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of -5 dB. In addition, the proposed multi-delay features fusion CNN (MDFCNN) scheme does not need a priori information, i.e., modulation type, channel coefficients, and noise power, which is well suited to non-collaborative communication.

关键词： Convolution Delay effects Simulation Radio transmitters Feature extraction Encoding Robustness Automatic signal recognition multiple-input multiple-output space-time block code convolutional neural network features fusion

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New Minimum Decoding Complexity Quasi-Orthogonal space-time block code for 8 Transmit Antennas

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2008年第10期E91A卷 2990-2994页

作者： Chae, Changhyeon Choi, Daewon Jung, Taejin Chonnam Natl Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Kwangju South Korea

In this paper, a new full-rate space-time block code (STBC) possessing a quasi-orthogonal (QO) property is proposed for QAM and 8 transmit antennas. This code is designed by serially concatenating a real constellation-rotating precoder with the Alamouti scheme. The QO property enables ML decoding to be done with joint detection of only four real symbols like the conventional minimum decoding complexity QO-STBC (MDC-QO-STBC). However. the proposed code is guaranteed to achieve full spatial diversity for general QAM unlike the MDC-QO-STBC which is specifically presented for only 4-QAM. By computer simulation results, we show that the proposed code exhibits the identical and slightly degraded error performance with the MDC-QO-STBC for 4-QAM and the Sharma's QO-STBC for 4 and 16-QAM, respectively. Finally, we present a new modified scheme of the original code so that there is no any discontinuity of transmission at each transmit antenna, without any loss oferror performance.

关键词： multiple antennas space-time block code

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