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Acoustic response of the Goldoni theater of Bagnacavallo

Acoustic response of the Goldoni theater of Bagnacavallo

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Conference on Immersive and 3D Audio - From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)

作者： Merli, Francesca Bevilacqua, Antonella Tronchin, Lamberto Univ Bologna CIRI Bldg & Construct Bologna Italy Univ Parma Dept Ind Engn Area Sci Parma Italy Univ Bologna Dept Architecture Cesena Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409988

Many Italian Opera theatres have been already studied under acoustic perspective. The fast updates of the innovative technology on the market drive the authors to undertake a deep investigation of the acoustic behavior of the Goldoni theatre. In particular, the results obtained have been analyzed in order to present an overlay video of the impulse response (IR) besides the main acoustic parameters outlined by the standards. The utilization of a multichannel spherical array microphone allowed the realization of this supplementary investigation that give a clearer idea of the sound propagation in such space. This paper also deals with the description of the history and of the architectural features that that characterize the Goldoni theatre.

关键词： acoustic parameters spherical array microphone spatial pcm sampling Italian Opera theatre

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Cinema Sound and audio 3D: the case study of Cinema Lux, Rome, Italy

Cinema Sound and audio 3D: the case study of Cinema Lux, Rom...

引用

Conference on Immersive and 3D Audio - From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)

作者： Dolci, Marco Tronchin, Lamberto Merli, Francesca Bevilacqua, Antonella Grp CSA SpA Rimini Italy Univ Bologna Dept Architecture Cesena Italy Univ Bologna CIRI Interdept Ctr Ind Res Bldg & Construct Bologna Italy Univ Parma Dept Ind Engn Area Sci Parma Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409988

The cinema Lux is one of the most relevant cinemas in Rome. It is located in the historical city center of the city, close to the Tevere river. The acoustics of the cinema Lux has been analyzed considering different approaches. First of all, monoaural acoustic parameters have been obtained following the ISO 3382-1 Standard;additionally, the binaural acoustic parameters have been obtained by employing a dummy head (Neumann KU 100). Moreover, the B-Format impulse responses (IRs) have been utilized for calculating the Lateral Fraction (LF) and the Lateral Efficiency (LE). The 3D acoustic information has been gathered by employing a 32-channel spherical microphone array, in combination with a 360 degrees camera, in order to reconstruct the reflection paths bouncing inside the screen. This paper deals with the main acoustic parameters by comparing the results with other cinemas of similar characteristics.

关键词： acoustic parameters spherical array microphone cinema spatial pcm sampling dubbing room

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A rain of sound from the double elliptical vault inside the monumental stairwell of the Reggia of Caserta

A rain of sound from the double elliptical vault inside the ...

引用

Conference on Immersive and 3D Audio - From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)

作者： Bevilacqua, Antonella Merli, Francesca Iannace, Gino Tronchin, Lamberto Univ Parma Dept Ind Engn Area Sci Parma Italy Univ Bologna CIRI Bldg & Construct Bologna Italy Univ Campania Vanvitelli Dept Architecture & Ind Design Aversa Italy Univ Bologna Dept Architecture Cesena Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409988

The monumental stairwell of the Reggia of Caserta is characterized by a double elliptical vault to create the effect of a sound rain falling from the ceiling and spread uniformly on the flights of steps. This concept design widely requested by the King, has been achieved in the reality by the construction capabilities of the architect Vanvitelli during the realization of the royal building. Different scholars have been undertaken research studies to find out more details on this effect, but the authors of this paper have been keen to extend the acoustic description of this environment with a creation of a video-overlay that allows to detect the sound energy concentration based on the color scale indicated by the contour levels. The impulse response (IR) recording has been graphically overlapped to a 360 degrees image such that the direction of arrival of the sound wave can be detected. A brief history of the Reggia of Caserta has been introduced as well as the architectural features.

关键词： acoustic parameters spherical array microphone spatial pcm sampling Reggia of Caserta

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The sound of the cultural heritage: a case study on the Odeon of Pompei

The sound of the cultural heritage: a case study on the Odeo...

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Conference on Immersive and 3D Audio - From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409988

The archaeological excavation of the city of Pompei brought to light the Odon in a location adjacent to the great theatre, in the core of the urban environment. The Odeon, called theatrum tectum in the ancient Rome, had a room volume smaller than the great theatre and furthermore it was provided with a roof. This paper deals with two coplanar results representations regarding the graphs of the main acoustic parameters and the overlay video of the impulse response (IR). The employment of a spherical array microphone resulted of paramount importance for the creation of the video realized by overlapping the 360 degrees image in combination with the latest technology of equipment.

关键词： acoustic parameters spherical array microphone spatial pcm sampling Roman theatre impulse response

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Sound quality of the Valli theatre: standard outcomes and development of data presentation

Sound quality of the Valli theatre: standard outcomes and de...

引用

Conference on Immersive and 3D Audio - From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)

作者： Bevilacqua, Antonella Merli, Francesca Tronchin, Lamberto Univ Parma Dept Ind Engn Area Sci Parma Italy Univ Bologna CIRI Bldg & Construct Bologna Italy Univ Bologna Dept Architecture Cesena Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409988

The attention by the scholars to study the Italian Opera theatres should not be stopped to the acoustic characteristics by showing the graphs related to the parameters as required by standard regulations. The development of the technology allows the employment of specific equipment capable to explore the cultural heritage more deeply. The outcomes obtained by the acoustic survey undertaken inside the Valli theatre of Reggio Emilia have been analyzed in two ways: the first methodology shows the data in line with the standard requirements indicated by ISO 3382-1;the second methodology shows a real-time impulse response (IR) highlighting specific construction elements that contribute to generate early or late reflections. The utilization of a spherical array microphone allows a full control of the spatial propagation of the sound waves. The authors are delighted to also introduce a brief history of the Valli theatre of Reggio Emilia, including the description of the architectural features that characterize this important Opera house.

关键词： acoustic parameters spherical array microphone spatial pcm sampling Italian Opera theatre

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The acoustic study of the palatine chapel inside the Reggia of Caserta

The acoustic study of the palatine chapel inside the Reggia ...

引用

Conference on Immersive and 3D Audio - From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409988

The palatine chapel is part of the Reggia of Caserta, a royal palace commissioned by the King of Naples Charles III. As a very reverberant place because of its marble and hard finishes, the palatine chapel has already investigated by scholars to be one of the cultural heritage sites protected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). On the other hand, the development of the technology during the last decades drives researchers to understand more deeply the acoustic behavior of this unique architecture. As such, an acoustic survey undertaken with the use of a spherical multichannel microphone, allowed the authors to investigate the interaction of the architectural components with the sound signal used for the impulse response (IR). The acoustic data, as traditionally shown with graphs by following the standards of ISO 3382-1, have been supported by the representation of some shots taken from a video. This overlay, realized for each source-receiver position, records the IR by overlapping the sound contour levels onto a 360 degrees image such that the direction of arrival of the sound wave can be detected.

关键词： acoustic parameters spherical array microphone spatial pcm sampling Italian church

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Acoustic parameters of the Municipal Theatre of Piacenza shown on different ways of representation

Acoustic parameters of the Municipal Theatre of Piacenza sho...

引用

Conference on Immersive and 3D Audio - From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)

作者： Bevilacqua, Antonella Merli, Francesca Armelloni, Enrico Farina, Angelo Farina, Adriano Tronchin, Lamberto Univ Parma Area Sci Dept Engn & Architecture Parma Italy Univ Bologna CIRI Bldg & Construciton Bologna Italy Univ Bologna Dept Architecture Cesena Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409988

The Italian Opera theatres are always subject to scientific studies that try to investigate as deeply as possible this historical heritage to preserve the architectural and acoustical information for future generations. This paper deals with two ways of data representations based on the outcomes derived from the variety of equipment used during the measurements. In particular, a methodology in line with standards and regulations has been introduced to representing the graphs of the main acoustical parameters;besides, a video of the real-time room impulse response (RIR) has been snapped with a few shots in place of visualizing the sound reflections that occurred inside the entire volume. After a brief description of the historical background of the Municipal theatre of Piacenza, the authors introduce the two methods just discussed to highlight the completeness of data representation regarding any type of room that is intended to be analyzed acoustically.

关键词： acoustic parameters spherical array spatial pcm sampling Italian Opera theatre 3dof

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Verdi theatre of Salerno: a deepening acoustic research

Verdi theatre of Salerno: a deepening acoustic research

引用

Conference on Immersive and 3D Audio - From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)

作者： Bevilacqua, Antonella Merli, Francesca Tronchin, Lamberto Univ Parma Area Sci Dept Ind Engn Parma Italy Univ Bologna CIRI Bldg & Construct Bologna Italy Univ Bologna Dept Architecture Cesena Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409988

The Verdi theatre of Salerno is one of the Italian Opera theatres by having the horseshoe shape of the plan layout. This paper deals with the illustration of the acoustic measurements undertaken inside the main hall by graphs representation according to ISO 3382-1 as a basic evaluation. In addition, some shots extrapolated from the video of the impulse response (IR) are herein introduced to complete and deepening the acoustic study and also to show an alternative way of representation that can help the soundwaves tracing, in terms of directivity. The use of a multichannel spherical array microphone was of paramount importance for the spatial control of the wavefront propagation.

关键词： acoustic parameters spherical array microphone spatial pcm sampling Italian Opera theatre

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The Acoustics of the "Teatro all'Antica", Sabbioneta, Italy

The Acoustics of the "Teatro all'Antica", Sabbioneta, Italy

引用

Conference on Immersive and 3D Audio - From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)

作者： Campanini, Simone Cattaneo, Diego Bonomi, Elia Merli, Francesca Tronchin, Lamberto Univ Bologna CIRI Bldg & Construct CIRI EC Bologna Italy Univ Bologna Dept Architecture Cesena Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409988

Music, sound, and architectural acoustics are internationally recognized as key elements of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Therefore, acoustic measurements should be encouraged to preserve the acoustic information concerning ancient theatres. The "Teatro all'Antica", located in Sabbioneta, Italy, was the first example of a permanent, free-standing, purpose-built theatre in Europe. This paper describes the results of the acoustic measurements and the 3D Sound Characterisation performed in the theatre. In addition to the traditional methods, a cylindrical microphone array made it possible to obtain 3D multichannel Impulse Response, providing an excellent spatial resolution and the possibility of creating a visual map with detailed information about the spatial distribution of sound.

关键词： Room Impulse Response theatre acoustical parameters spatial pcm sampling beam forming room acoustics concert hall

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Metrics for Evaluating the spatial Accuracy of Microphone Arrays

Metrics for Evaluating the Spatial Accuracy of Microphone Ar...

引用

Conference on Immersive and 3D Audio - From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)

作者： Pinardi, Daniel Farina, Angelo Univ Parma Dept Engn & Architecture Parma Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409988

The interest in 3D audio is constantly growing, thus leading to the appearance on the market of many microphone arrays for recording spatial audio, having a variety of sizes, number of channels and shapes, mostly spherical. Among the various characteristics that may have an influence on the quality of these systems, the presented work will deal with the spatial accuracy. The availability of robust methods for evaluating the spatial performance of the microphone arrays allows to compare the systems and to study the effect of different geometries, or beamforming algorithms. On one side, the design of new solutions can be optimized, on the other side a user can identify an optimal system depending on his needs. In this paper, two metrics for evaluating the spatial performance of microphone arrays are described, and two common formats for spatial audio are employed, Ambisonics and spatial pcm sampling (SPS). In the first part, the parameters spatial Correlation and Level Difference are used for assessing the accuracy of the Ambisonics format, which is based on Spherical Harmonics functions. In the second part two classic metrics for loudspeakers, i.e., directivity factor and half power beam width, are employed for evaluating the accuracy of unidirectional virtual microphones, which constitute the base of the SPS format. In the last section, four well-known spherical microphone arrays are analyzed and compared through the described metrics and spatial audio formats.

关键词： Ambisonics beamforming metrics microphone array spatial accuracy spatial pcm sampling

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