检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Assessing spatial and temporal variability of grass swale infiltration in shallow groundwater conditions

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2025年 380卷 124977页

作者： Mantilla, Ivan Muthanna, Tone Merete Marsalek, Jiri Viklander, Maria Lulea Univ Technol Dept Civil Environm & Nat Resources Engn S-971 87 Lulea Sweden Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU Dept Civil & Environm Engn N-7491 Trondheim Norway

Implementing stormwater green infrastructure in shallow groundwater areas presents major challenges that could restrict widespread adoption of swales in such areas. These limitations are driven by concerns about reduced swale infiltration capacity, which negatively impacts the effectiveness of green measures in managing runoff volumes. This study evaluates the spatial and temporal distribution of infiltration rates in a 30-m grass swale section using a Modified Philip-Dune infiltrometer and full-scale infiltration testing. Groundwater levels were continuously monitored by three piezometers adjacent to the grass swale to assess the impact of unsaturated zone depth on the swale infiltration capacity. Results showed that infiltration rates varied widely from 13 mm/h at the swale bottom to 98 mm/h on the right slope and highlighted the potential overestimation of swale capacity when relying only on point measurements of infiltration. Results from a full-scale infiltration test revealed an overall swale infiltration rate of only 4 mm/h, which is below the values recommended in the literature for swale applicability. A 52 % decrease in infiltration rates was observed between 2022 and 2024. Experimental results indicated that the grass swale had the capacity to recover its storage and managed a subsequent rainfall event within 15 h of the full draw-down. While the findings did not show a strong correlation between swale infiltration rates and the depth of the unsaturated zone, the results underscore the need to balance the soil permeability and groundwater protection for effective stormwater management.

关键词： Grass swales Stormwater management Infiltration capacity spatial and temporal variability Groundwater mounding Unsaturated zone depth

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

spatial and temporal variability of N, P and K Balances for Agroecosystems in China

引用

Pedosphere 2005年第3期15卷 347-355页

作者： SHENRun-Ping SUNBo ZHAOQi-Guo InstituteofSoilScience ChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008（China）／／DepartmentofSpatialInformationScienceNanjingUniversityofInformationScienceandTechnologyNanjing210044（China） InstituteofSoilScience ChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008（China）

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium balances for agroecosystems in China from 1993 to 2001 were calculated at national and provincial levels using statistical data and related parameters, and their spatial and temporal variabilities were analyzed with GIS to estimate the potential impacts of nutrient N, P and K surpluses or deficits to soil, water and air. At the national scale, the N and P balances from 1993 to 2001 showed a surplus, with the nitrogen surplus remaining relatively stable from 1997—2001. Although during this period the P surplus pattern was similar to N, it had smaller values and kept increasing as the use of phosphate fertilizer increased year by year. However, K was deficient from 1993 to 2001 even though from 1999 to 2001 the K deficit decreased. The spatial analysis revealed higher N surpluses in the more developed southeastern provinces and lowest in the western and northern provinces where there was less chemical fertilizer input. The serious K deficit mainly occurred in Shanghai and Beijing municipalities, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Hubei provinces, and Xinjiang autonomous regions. For the years 1992, 1996 and 2001, N surpluses and K deficits had significant positive spatial correlations with per capita gross domestic product (GDP), per capita gross industrial output value, and per capita net income of rural households. This showed that the level of economic development played an important role on nutrient balances in the agroecosystems.

关键词： China economic factors NPK balance spatial and temporal variability

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

spatial and temporal variability of canopy and forest floor interception in a beech forest

引用

HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES 2010年第21期24卷 3011-3025页

作者： Gerrits, A. M. J. Pfister, L. Savenije, H. H. G. Delft Univ Technol Delft Netherlands CRP Gabriel Lippmann EVA Luxembourg Luxembourg

Depending on season, rainfall characteristics and tree species, interception amounts to 15-50% of total precipitation in a forest under temperate climates. Many studies have investigated the importance of interception of different tree species in all kinds of different climates. Often authors merely determine interception storage capacity of that specific species and the considered event, and only sometimes a distinction is made between foliated and non-foliated trees. However, interception is highly variable in time and space. First, since potential evaporation is higher in summer, but secondly because the storage capacity has a seasonal pattern. Besides weather characteristics, such as wind and rain intensity, snow causes large variations in the maximum storage capacity. In an experimental beech plot in Luxembourg, we found storage capacity of canopy interception to show a clear seasonal pattern varying from 0.1 mm in winter to 1.2 mm in summer. The capacity of the forest floor appears to be rather constant over time at 1.8 mm. Both have a standard deviation as high as +/- 100%. However, the process is not sensitive to this variability resulting only in 11% variation of evaporation estimates. Hence, the number of raindays and the potential evaporation are stronger driving factors on interception. Furthermore, the spatial correlation of the throughfall and infiltration has been investigated with semi-variograms and time stability plots. Within 6-7 m distance, throughfall and infiltration are correlated and the general persistence is rather weak. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： canopy interception forest floor interception spatial and temporal variability beech Rutter model storage capacity

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

spatial and temporal variability in Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide Generation and Emission from Full-Scale Biological Nitrogen Removal and Non-BNR Processes

引用

WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH 2010年第12期82卷 2362-2372页

作者： Ahn, Joon Ho Kim, Sungpyo Park, Hongkeun Katehis, Dimitrios Pagilla, Krishna Chandran, Kartik Columbia Univ Dept Earth & Environm Engn New York NY 10027 USA CH2M Hill Inc Philadelphia PA USA IIT Chicago IL 60616 USA

Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) strategies can contribute to atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O). In the future, as BNR is implemented at more wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) around the globe, the emission and release of these gases to the atmosphere is expected to increase. This study focused on the quantification of N2O emissions rates and inventory at several WWTPs using a newly developed, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Washington, D.C.) (U.S. EPA)-reviewed protocol. Application of the protocol revealed nitrous oxide emissions from aerated zones therein, hitherto not considered in the current U.S. EPA approach to quantifying N2O fluxes from WWTPs. A high degree of diurnal variability in N2O fluxes was measured, which correlated well with diurnal total Kjeldahl nitrogen loadings. In combination, these results point to the diminishing utility of a single emission factor approach to estimate the N2O emissions from WWTPs, which has been followed to date. Water Environ. Res., 82, 2362 (2010).

关键词： nitrous oxide biological nitrogen removal spatial and temporal variability

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

spatial and temporal variability of pore-water pressures in residual soil slopes in a tropical climate

引用

EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS 2002年第3期27卷 317-338页

作者： Rezaur, RB Rahardjo, H Leong, EC Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Civil & Environm Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Civil NTU PWD Geotech Res Ctr Singapore 639798 Singapore

It is critical to understand and quantify the temporal and spatial variability in hillslope hydrological data in order to advance hillslope hydrological studies, evaluate distributed parameter hydrological models. analyse variability in hydrological response of slopes and design efficient field data sampling networks. The spatial and temporal variability of field-measured pore-water pressures in three residual soil slopes in Singapore was investigated using geostatistical methods. Parameters of the semivariograms, namely the range. sill and nugget effect, revealed interesting insights into the spatial structure of the temporal situation of pore-water pressures in the slopes. While informative. mean estimates have been shown to be inadequate for modelling purposes, indicator semivariograms together with mean prediction by kriging provide a better form of model input. Results also indicate that significant temporal and spatial variability in pore-water pressures exists in the slope profile and thereby induces variability in hydrological response of the slope. spatial and temporal variability in pore-water pressure decreases with increasing soil depth. The variability decreases during wet conditions as the slope approaches near saturation and the variability increases with high matric suction development following rainfall periods. variability in pore-water pressures is greatest at shallow depths and near the slope crest and is strongly influenced by the combined action of microclimate, vegetation and soil properties. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

关键词： spatial and temporal variability pore-water pressure semivariogram kriging slope hydrology

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

spatial and temporal variability in the concentration and speciation of metals in suspended sediment transported by the River Aire, Yorkshire, UK

引用

HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES 2006年第14期20卷 3007-3027页

作者： Carter, Julie Walling, Desmond E. Owens, Philip N. Leeks, Graham J. L. Univ Exeter Dept Geog Exeter EX4 4RJ Devon England Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Wallingford OX10 8BB Oxon England

In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the important role of fine sediment in the transport and storage of metals in fluvial systems. However, there has been little research on the behaviour of contaminated sediment in industrial rivers in the UK. This paper examines spatial and temporal variations in the concentration and speciation of lead, copper and chromium associated with suspended sediment in the River Aire in Yorkshire, UK. An increase in the total concentration of all three metals in sediment was identified in the lower reaches, which reflected inputs of road dust, sewage and industrial effluents. spatial variations in the chemical speciation of the metals were also identified. The iron-manganese oxides and organic fractions were the most significant for the adsorption of metals by sediment. Both the concentrations and speciation of sediment-associated metals exhibited substantial temporal variation. Such variation reflected the accumulation of metals and organic matter on the river-bed during low flows, the subsequent remobilization of the sediment at high flows and the additional supply of sediment from uncontaminated and contaminated sources, including pulse inputs of road dust, sewage and industrial effluent. The findings presented have important implications for the development of effective catchment management strategies for the control of point- and diffuse-source pollution. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： metals suspended sediment urban drainage speciation River Aire spatial and temporal variability bioavailability

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

spatial and temporal variability OF SPAWNING IN THE GREEN SEA URCHIN STRONGYLOCENTROTUS DROEBACHIENSIS ALONG THE COAST OF MAINE

引用

JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH 2015年第3期34卷 1097-1128页

作者： Vadas, Robert L., Sr. Beal, Brian F. Dudgeon, Steven R. Wright, Wesley A. Univ Maine Sch Biol & Ecol Orono ME 04469 USA Univ Maine Sch Marine Sci Orono ME 04469 USA Univ Maine Div Environm & Biol Sci Machias ME 04654 USA Calif State Univ Northridge Dept Biol Northridge CA 91330 USA

The timing and spatial variation in spawning in the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Muller) was investigated at three moderately protected sites in each of three geographic regions along the coast of Maine before the commencement of significant commercial harvesting. Urchins were sampled monthly (1987 to 1988) from subtidal hard bottoms, and test diameter (TD), height, total wet weight, and gonad wet weight were measured. To interpret reproductive and spawning patterns additional data were taken on habitat type, water temperature, salinity, urchin density, and diets. Over a range of TD (34.1-89.4 mm), 1,594 urchins were sampled. Gonad index (GI) increased as an allometric function of TD, and for urchins from the northeast and southwest regions, GI was independent of TD for animals >= 64 mm. In the central region, the size at independence was >= 55 mm. Analysis of variance with a priori, planned contrasts was used to quantify temporal changes in GI and spawning at two spatial scales (within and between regions). This information serves as a preharvest baseline for green urchin dynamics, analysis of reproductive cycles and spawning, and for current and future ocean changes. Gonad index and spawning varied seasonally, spatially and interannually. Gonad index increased during fall and early winter, and peaked in midwinter before a major spawning event in April at seven of nine sites. Gonad index ranged from 10% to 20% from December to April. Spawning [measured as a steep decline in GI (48%-78%) between successive sampling dates) occurred between early April and mid-May, except at one site in the central (Lamoine: March to April) and one in the northeast (Jonesport: May to June) regions. Gonad index patterns during spawning corresponded inversely to increasing seawater temperatures in the range of 2.5-5 degrees C. Salinity, urchin density, and test size did not explain a significant proportion of the variability in mean GI through time. Diets consiste

关键词： green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis Maine gonad index spawning spatial and temporal variability gonad-test diameter relationship fractional spawning harvest window

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

spatial and temporal variability of greenhouse gas emissions from rural development land use operations

引用

MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE 2017年第3期22卷 447-467页

作者： Tzilivakis, J. Warner, D. J. Green, A. Lewis, K. A. Univ Hertfordshire Sch Life & Med Sci AERU Hatfield AL10 9AB Herts England

Climate change objectives of mitigation and adaptation are being mainstreamed into many policies and strategies around the world. In Europe, this has included the Rural Development Programme, which aims to tackle multiple social, economic and environmental objectives in rural areas, and the integration of climate change objectives adds another strand of complexity to the decision making process. When formulating policies determining the likely effectiveness of any particular measure can be challenging, especially with respect to the spatial and temporal variability of greenhouse gas emissions. This is a challenge faced by all countries and regions around the world. This study uses Europe as an example to explore this issue. It highlights the variability in emissions from land use operations that may be encountered under different conditions and time horizons and considers this in the context of policy formulation. The Optimal Strategies for Climate change Action in Rural Areas software has been adapted to derive net greenhouse gas emissions for rural development operations for all regions in Europe. Operations have been classified into five categories based on their benefit/burden over different time horizons. The analysis shows that it is important to understand the time period over which benefits or burdens are realised and determine how this fits with policy instruments, such as land management agreements and the permanency of actions. It also shows that in some regions an operation can have benefits, but in other regions it has burdens;thus, location can be critical. Finally, in the context of developing operations to meet multiple social, economic and environmental objectives, it is important to acknowledge that seeking options that only reduce emissions may not always be practical or possible. In some instances, we may have to accept an increase in emissions in order to meet other objectives. It is important that we evaluate the net greenhouse gas emissions of

关键词： Greenhouse gas emissions spatial and temporal variability Rural development Land use

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

spatial and temporal variability of soil erosion in the black soil region of Northeast China from 2000 to 2015

引用

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020年第6期192卷 370-370页

作者： Wang, Biwei Zhao, Xiaoli Wang, Xiao Zhang, Zengxiang Yi, Ling Hu, Shunguang Chinese Acad Sci Aerosp Informat Res Inst Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

The black soil region in Northeast China is an important production base of commodity grain. However, soil erosion is a major threat that has caused a decline in arable land area and productivity and a series of environmental problems in recent years. To understand the current situation of soil erosion and its changes in the whole black soil region, including six treatment regions, we used the spatial-temporal analysis of soil erosion from 2000 to 2015 and the overlay analysis with its drivers;additionally, soil erosion was evaluated qualitatively with the integrated evaluation method, and its change was indicated by the soil erosion change index (SECI). We found that soil erosion that caused soil loss occurred in each treatment region mainly at the light level in 2015. Water erosion, the most widely distributed erosion type, affected the largest area, while most serious erosion at intensive or higher levels stemmed from wind erosion. Although the situation of water erosion was improved in 2015 compared to that in 2000, the overall situation of soil erosion was worse due to the deterioration of wind and freeze-thaw erosion. Grassland, woodland, and cultivated land changes, such as the conversion from grassland to cultivated land, from woodland to sparse woodland and from dry land to paddy land, revealed these changes to a great extent.

关键词： Northeast China Black soil Soil erosion spatial and temporal variability

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

spatial and temporal variability of soil gas diffusivity, its scaling and relevance for soil respiration under different tillage

引用

GEODERMA 2015年 259卷 323-336页

作者： Schwen, Andreas Jeider, Eva Boettcher, Juergen Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci BOKU Inst Hydraul & Rural Water Management A-1190 Vienna Austria Austrian Agcy Hlth & Food Safety AGES Vienna Austria Leibniz Univ Hannover Inst Soil Sci Hannover Germany

Soils are an important source and sink for carbon. Soil management such as reduced or no-tillage management has been reported to increase soil organic matter budgets, probably due to a hampered microbial mineralization of organic components. While soil respiration is mainly controlled by temperature and soil moisture, it can be also limited by the soil pore system facilitating diffusive gas fluxes between the soil and the atmosphere. However, soil gas diffusivity as a controlling factor for soil respiration has not been assessed under different soil management. Moreover, no adequate methods have been developed yet that facilitate the description of spatial or temporal variations of the highly non-linear soil gas diffusivity functions. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to deduce and apply a scaling rule for gas diffusivity, and to observe and analyze spatio-temporal variations of soil respiration and gas diffusivity under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT). We measured soil respiration rates and gas diffusivities along a transect on an arable field in Hollabrunn (Lower Austria) within the 2014 vegetation period. We also determined the soil hydraulic properties and gas diffusivities as a function of air-filled porosity. By adopting the similar media approach of Miller and Miller we facilitated scaling of spatially variable gas diffusivity model functions. The scaling performed well to derive representative mean parameters while preserving the spatial variability in the scaling factors. The comparison of scaling factors for soil water retention, hydraulic conductivity, and gas diffusivity revealed that flow pathways were not the same for water and gases. This finding was explained by the continuity of pores that are accessible for water or gas movement. Compared to NT, the CT plot was characterized by greater soil respiration rates, gas diffusivities, total porosities, and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities, while soil water retention, observed

关键词： Gas diffusivity Soil respiration spatial and temporal variability Scaling Soil tillage

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：