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Relative Contribution of Frequency and Parameter Values to Selectivity for Interaural Correlation

电脑学刊 2018年第2期29卷 21-33页

作者： Han Zhu Hui Zhang Song Wang Cong Zhang

With the advent of the digital age, 3D audio is confronted with an important issues that how to compress multi-channel audio signal effectively. It is a significant way to explore the perceptual mechanism of human ear by researching the relative contribution of frequency and parameter values to selectively for Interaural Correlation (IC). Five values of IC that corresponding to five special sound width are selected in accordance with qualitative analysis of perceptual characteristics for IC: 1, 0.98, 0.94, 0.87 and 0.77. The audible frequency range of the human ear is divided into 24 bands based. A self-adaption test method contained the traditional test methods such as 1 up/2 down and 2AFC is taken, the test sequences are chosen as Gaussian white noise, and the experimental data is analyzed mathematically by the linear interpolation method. The experiment results demonstrate that: JND changes more significantly with frequency, and the minimum value occurs at about 700Hz and 1170Hz while the maximum values correspond to both side bands and the JND increases as the IC of the standard increasing. The experimental data and conclusions can provide theoretical support for the efficient compression of 3D audio signals.

关键词： IC JND linear interpolation method self-adaption test method spatial audio coding

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MPEG Surround Extension Technique for MPEG-H 3D audio

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ETRI JOURNAL 2016年第5期38卷 829-837页

作者： Beack, Seungkwon Sung, Jongmo Seo, Jeongil Lee, Taejin ETRI Giga Commun Res Lab 5G Daejeon South Korea ETRI Broadcasting Media Res Lab Daejeon South Korea

In this paper, we introduce extension tools for MPEG Surround, which were recently adopted as MPEG-H 3D audio tools by the ISO/MPEG standardization group. MPEG-H 3D audio is a next-generation technology for representing spatial audio in an immersive manner. However, considerably large numbers of input signals can degrade the compression performance during a low bitrate operation. The proposed extension of MPEG Surround was basically designed based on the original MPEG Surround technology, where the limitations of MPEG Surround were revised by adopting a new coding structure. The proposed MPEG-H 3D audio technologies will play a pivotal role in dramatically improving the sound quality during a lower bitrate operation.

关键词： MPEG Surround spatial audio coding MPEG-H 3D audio

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JND-based spatial parameter quantization of multichannel audio signals

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON audio SPEECH AND MUSIC PROCESSING 2016年第1期2016卷 1页

作者： Gao, Li Hu, Ruimin Wang, Xiaochen Li, Gang Yang, Yuhong Tu, Weiping Wuhan Univ State Key Lab Software Engn Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Comp Sch Key Lab Multimedia & Network Commun Engn Natl Engn Res Ctr Multimedia Software Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Collaborat Innovat Ctr Geospatial Technol Wuhan Peoples R China

In multichannel spatial audio coding (SAC), the accurate representations of virtual sounds and the efficient compressions of spatial parameters are the key to perfect reproduction of spatial sound effects in 3D space. Just noticeable difference (JND) characteristics of human auditory system can be used to efficiently remove spatial perceptual redundancy in the quantization of spatial parameters. However, the quantization step sizes of spatial parameters in current SAC methods are not well correlated with the JND characteristics. It results in either spatial perceptual distortion or inefficient compression. A JND-based spatial parameter quantization (JSPQ) method is proposed in this paper. The quantization step sizes of spatial parameters are assigned according to JND values of azimuths in a full circle. The quantization codebook size of JSPQ was 56.7 % lower than one of the quantization codebooks of MPEG surround. Average bit rate reduction on spatial parameters for standard 5.1-channel signals reached up to approximately 13 % compared with MPEG surround, while preserving comparable subjective spatial quality.

关键词： spatial audio coding Multichannel signals spatial parameters Just noticeable difference

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SINUSOIDAL spatial audio coding FOR LOW-BITRATE BINAURAL REPRODUCTION

SINUSOIDAL SPATIAL AUDIO CODING FOR LOW-BITRATE BINAURAL REP...

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2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

作者： Hirvonen, Toni Mouchtaris, Athanasios Univ Crete Inst Comp Sci Dept Comp Sci Iraklion Crete Greece FORTH ICS Iraklion Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781424442966

A binaural audio synthesis system based on sinusoidal modeling is proposed for spatial, low-bitrate audio coding utilized for example in teleconference applications. The system transmits monaural sinusoidal parameters of a downmix signal, from which the left and right binaural signals are synthesized according to the directional metadata at the receiver. Typical sinusoidal synthesis methods, as well as the effectiveness of a monaural frequency masking model, are evaluated in binaural context. Furthermore, a method for binaural noise residual synthesis and efficiency improvements for HRTF parameter acquisition are suggested. Tests utilizing speech signals indicate that sinusoidal modeling is an attractive technique for applications such as the proposed one.

关键词： Binaural synthesis sinusoidal coding spatial audio coding

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A Survey on Multimedia Communicating Technology Based on spatial audio coding

A Survey on Multimedia Communicating Technology Based on Spa...

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24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA)

作者： Xiong, Naixue Chen, Shuixian He, Jing He, Yanxiang Vasilakos, Athanasios T. Park, Jong Hyuk Yang, Yan Wuhan Univ Sci & Engn Sch Comp Sci & Technol Wuhan 430073 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Natl Engn Res Ctr Multimedia Software Wuhan Peoples R China Georgia State Univ Dept Comp Sci Atlanta GA 30302 USA Wuhan Univ Sch Comp Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Univ Western Macedonia Dept Comp & Teleco Engn Kozani Greece Seoul Natl Univ Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Seoul South Korea Western Illinois Univ Dept Comp Sci Macomb IL 61455 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769540184

spatial audio coding (SAC) is an emerging technology with a distinguishing feature of delivering good even excellent audio quality at monotonic or stereo bitrate of conventional perceptual transform coders. By a systematic exploitation of spatial hearing, Binaural Cue coding illustrates the power and potentials of SAC in the future for intelligent multimedia services. MPEG Surround, receiving cumulative efforts from industry and academy, strives to build a SAC system with great versatility and high quality. The initial test results of MPEG Surround show its performance advantage over conventional state-of-the-art coders in a wide range of coding configurations.

关键词： Multimedia processing Binaural cues spatial audio coding MPEG Surround audio Communication

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R-TTT Module with Modified Residual Signal for Improving Multichannel audio Signal Accuracy

R-TTT Module with Modified Residual Signal for Improving Mul...

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International Conference on Automation, Cognitive Science, Optics, Micro Electro-Mechanical System, and Information Technology (ICACOMIT)

作者： Elfitri, Ikhwana Luthfi, Amirul Fitrilina Andalas Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Kampus UNAND Limau Manih Padang 25163 Sumatera Barat Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781467374088

spatial audio coding is a technique that capable of representing multichannel audio signals as a lower number of audio channels accompanied by spatial parameters and residual signal which will be useful for recreating the original multichannel audio signals. Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) Surround, an international standard developed based on spatial audio coding, specifies Reverse Two-To-Three (R-TTT) module to extend stereo audio, consisted of left and right channels, into three audio channels: left, centre, and right channels based on Channel Prediction Coefficient (CPC) as spatial parameter and residual signal. In this paper, a modified residual signal is proposed to provide a better audio waveform reconstruction in the decoder side by minimising distortion caused by quantisation of CPC. Our experiments show that the waveform accuracy in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) gets improved as high as 11 dB while the subjective test shows that the proposed method does not reduce perceptual quality, in terms of Subjective Difference Grade (SDG) score, of the reconstructed audio signals.

关键词： MPEG Surround spatial audio coding Multichannel audio Signals

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SINUSOIDAL spatial audio coding FOR LOW-BITRATE BINAURAL REPRODUCTION

SINUSOIDAL SPATIAL AUDIO CODING FOR LOW-BITRATE BINAURAL REP...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

作者： Toni Hirvonen Athanasios Mouchtaris Department of Computer Science University of Crete and Institute of Computer Science Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-ICS) Heraklion Crete Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781424442959;9781424442966

关键词： Binaural synthesis sinusoidal coding spatial audio coding audio coding Sinusoidal audio monaural copying Reproduction signals head-related transfer function

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R-TTT Module with Modified Residual Signal for Improving Multichannel audio Signal Accuracy

R-TTT Module with Modified Residual Signal for Improving Mul...

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International Conference on Automation, Cognitive Science, Optics, Micro Electro-Mechanical System, and Information Technology

作者： Ikhwana Elfitri Amirul Luthfi Fitrilina Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Andalas University

ISBN: (纸本)9781467374095

spatial audio coding is a technique that capable of representing multichannel audio signals as a lower number of audio channels accompanied by spatial parameters and residual signal which will be useful for recreating the original multi-channel audio signals. Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) Surround, an international standard developed based on spatial audio coding, specifies Reverse Two-To-Three (R-TTT) module to extend stereo audio, consisted of left and right channels, into three audio channels: left, centre, and right channels based on Channel Prediction Coefficient (CPC) as spatial parameter and residual signal. In this paper, a modified residual signal is proposed to provide a better audio waveform reconstruction in the decoder side by minimising distortion caused by quantisation of CPC. Our experiments show that the waveform accuracy in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) gets improved as high as 11 dB while the subjective test shows that the proposed method does not reduce perceptual quality, in terms of Subjective Difference Grade (SDG) score, of the reconstructed audio signals.

关键词： MPEG Surround spatial audio coding Multichannel audio Signals residual signal audio coding audio signals audio channels Moving Pictures Experts Group Subjective testing Quantization

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Estimation and quantization of ICC-dependent phase parameters for parametric stereo audio coding

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON audio SPEECH AND MUSIC PROCESSING 2012年第1期2012卷 1-12页

作者： Hyun, Dong-Il Park, Young-Cheol Youn, Dae Hee Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea Yonsei Univ Comp & Telecommun Engn Div Wonju Kangwon South Korea

Conventional parametric stereo (PS) audio coding employs inter-channel phase difference and overall phase difference as phase parameters. In this article, it is shown that those parameters cannot correctly represent the phase relationship between the stereo channels when inter-channel correlation (ICC) is less than one, which is common in practical situations. To solve this problem, we introduce new phase parameters, channel phase differences (CPDs), defined as the phase differences between the mono down mix and the stereo channels. Since CPDs have a descriptive relationship with ICC as well as inter-channel intensity difference, they are more relevant to represent the phase difference between the channels in practical situations. We also propose methods of synthesizing CPDs at the decoder. Through computer simulations and subjective listening tests, it is confirmed that the proposed methods produce significantly lower phase errors than conventional PS, and it can noticeably improve sound quality for stereo inputs with low ICCs.

关键词： Parametric stereo (PS) Inter-channel phase difference (IPD) Overall phase difference (OPD) Inter-channel correlation (ICC) Channel phase difference (CPD) Stereo audio coding spatial audio coding

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Primary-ambient signal decomposition and vector-based localization for spatial audio coding and enhancement

Primary-ambient signal decomposition and vector-based locali...

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32nd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Goodwin, Michael M. Jot, Jean-Marc Creat Adv Technol Ctr Scotts Valley CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424407286

spatial audio coding and enhancement address the growing commercial need to store and distribute multichannel audio and to render content optimally on arbitrary reproduction systems. In this paper, we discuss a spatial analysis-synthesis scheme which applies principal component analysis to an STFT-domain representation of the original audio to separate it into primary and ambient components, which are then respectively analyzed for cues that describe the spatial percept of the audio scene on a per-tile basis;these cues are used by the synthesis to render the audio appropriately on the available playback system. The proposed framework can be tailored for robust spatial audio coding, or it can be applied directly to enhancement scenarios where there are no rate constraints on the intermediate spatial data and audio representation.

关键词： spatial audio coding multichannel audio upmix principal component analysis

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