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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Del Galdo, Giovanni Kuech, Fabian Kallinger, Markus Schultz-Amling, Richard Fraunhofer IIS Audio Dept D-91058 Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424423538

Directional audio coding (DirAC) is an efficient technique to capture and reproduce spatial sound. The analysis step outputs a mono DirAC stream, comprising an omnidirectional microphone pressure signal and side information, i.e., direction of arrival and diffuseness of the sound field expressed in time-frequency domain. This contribution proposes a method to merge two or more mono DirAC streams for a joint playback at the reproduction side. This problem arises in applications such as immersive spatial audio teleconferencing. With respect to a trivial direct merging, the proposed method is more efficient as it does not require the synthesis step. From this follows the benefit that the loudspeaker setup at the reproduction side does not have to be known in advance. Simulations and informal listening tests confirm the absence of any artifacts and that the proposed method is practically indistinguishable from the ideal merging.

关键词： spatial audio coding spatial audio processing

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spatial FILTERING USING DIRECTIONAL audio coding PARAMETERS

SPATIAL FILTERING USING DIRECTIONAL AUDIO CODING PARAMETERS

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Kallinger, Markus Del Galdo, Giovanni Kuech, Fabian Mahne, Dirk Schultz-Amling, Richard Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Circuits IIS D-91058 Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424423538

Directional audio coding (DirAC) is a recent method for spatial audio processing, based on a perceptually motivated representation of spatial sound. Due to its efficiency, DirAC has already been proposed for spatial audio teleconferencing scenarios. Modem hands-free communication systems usually include beamforming techniques to improve speech intelligibility by suppressing diffuse background noise and interfering sources. In this paper, we propose a novel spatial filtering method which can be integrated into the DirAC spatial codec. It uses a spectral weighting of the recorded audio signal, where the design of the corresponding spatial filter transfer function is based on the DirAC parameters, i.e., direction-of-arrival and diffuseness of the sound field. Simulation results show that compared to a standard beamformer the novel technique offers significantly higher interference attenuation, while introducing similar distortion of the desired signal.

关键词： spatial filters beamforming spatial audio coding

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Ambisonics coding in IVAS: A Hybrid SPAR and DirAC System

Ambisonics Coding in IVAS: A Hybrid SPAR and DirAC System

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Weckbecker, Dominik Brown, Stefanie Torres, Juan Multrus, Markus Tamarapu, Archit Fuchs, Guillaume Fraunhofer IIS Erlangen Germany Dolby Laboratories Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

The Ambisonics audio format represents a 3D sound field as a fixed set of audio channels, with a tradeoff between spatial detail and the required number of audio channels. Because the number of audio channels that must be coded increases quadratically with respect to Ambisonics order, high-quality coding of Ambisonics signals under practical bitrate and complexity constraints becomes a major challenge. To overcome this, the 3GPP IVAS codec employs a new hybrid parametric and residual coding scheme combining complementary spatial Reconstruction (SPAR) and Directional audio coding (DirAC) techniques. In this paper, we describe the implementation of this hybrid coding system and demonstrate its advantages to discrete channel-coding approaches in terms of computational complexity and audio quality. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Ambisonics mobile communications spatial audio coding

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A first-order DirAC-based parametric Ambisonic coder for immersive communications

A first-order DirAC-based parametric Ambisonic coder for imm...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Fuchs, Guillaume Ghido, Florin Weckbecker, Dominik Thiergart, Oliver Fraunhofer IIS Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Directional audio coding (DirAC) is a proven method for parametrically representing a 3D audio scene in B-format and is capable of reproducing it on arbitrary loudspeaker layouts. Although such a method seems well suited for low bitrate Ambisonic transmission, little work has been done on the feasibility of building a real system upon it. In this paper, we present a DirAC-based coding for Higher-Order Ambisonics (HOA), developed as part of a standardisation effort to extend the 3GPP EVS codec to immersive communications. Starting from the first-order DirAC model, we show how to reduce algorithmic delay, the bitrate required for the parameters and complexity by bringing the full synthesis in the spherical harmonic domain. The evaluation of the proposed technique for coding 3rd order Ambisonics at bitrates from 32 to 128 kbps shows the relevance of the parametric approach compared with existing solutions. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Ambisonics directional audio coding (DirAC) higher-order Ambisonics (HOA) spatial audio coding

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MPEG Surround Extension Technique for MPEG-H 3D audio

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ETRI JOURNAL 2016年第5期38卷 829-837页

作者： Beack, Seungkwon Sung, Jongmo Seo, Jeongil Lee, Taejin ETRI Giga Commun Res Lab 5G Daejeon South Korea ETRI Broadcasting Media Res Lab Daejeon South Korea

In this paper, we introduce extension tools for MPEG Surround, which were recently adopted as MPEG-H 3D audio tools by the ISO/MPEG standardization group. MPEG-H 3D audio is a next-generation technology for representing spatial audio in an immersive manner. However, considerably large numbers of input signals can degrade the compression performance during a low bitrate operation. The proposed extension of MPEG Surround was basically designed based on the original MPEG Surround technology, where the limitations of MPEG Surround were revised by adopting a new coding structure. The proposed MPEG-H 3D audio technologies will play a pivotal role in dramatically improving the sound quality during a lower bitrate operation.

关键词： MPEG Surround spatial audio coding MPEG-H 3D audio

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A multi-channel audio compression method with virtual source location information for MPEG-4 SAC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2005年第4期51卷 1253-1259页

作者： Moon, HG Seo, JI Baek, S Sung, KM Seoul Natl Univ New Media Inst Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Seoul South Korea Elect & Telecommun Res Inst Taejon South Korea

Binaural cue coding (BCC) was introduced as an efficient representation method for MPEG-4 SAC (spatial audio coding). However, in a low bit-rate environment, the spectrum of BCC output signals degrades with respect to the perceptual level. The proposed system in this paper estimates VSLI (virtual source location information) as the side information. The VSLI is the angle representation of spatial images between channels on playback layout. The subjective assessment results show that the proposed method provides better audio quality than the BCC method for encoding multichannel signals(1).

关键词： spatial audio coding BCC side information VSLI VSLI-based SAC system

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JND-based spatial parameter quantization of multichannel audio signals

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON audio SPEECH AND MUSIC PROCESSING 2016年第1期2016卷 1页

作者： Gao, Li Hu, Ruimin Wang, Xiaochen Li, Gang Yang, Yuhong Tu, Weiping Wuhan Univ State Key Lab Software Engn Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Comp Sch Key Lab Multimedia & Network Commun Engn Natl Engn Res Ctr Multimedia Software Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Collaborat Innovat Ctr Geospatial Technol Wuhan Peoples R China

In multichannel spatial audio coding (SAC), the accurate representations of virtual sounds and the efficient compressions of spatial parameters are the key to perfect reproduction of spatial sound effects in 3D space. Just noticeable difference (JND) characteristics of human auditory system can be used to efficiently remove spatial perceptual redundancy in the quantization of spatial parameters. However, the quantization step sizes of spatial parameters in current SAC methods are not well correlated with the JND characteristics. It results in either spatial perceptual distortion or inefficient compression. A JND-based spatial parameter quantization (JSPQ) method is proposed in this paper. The quantization step sizes of spatial parameters are assigned according to JND values of azimuths in a full circle. The quantization codebook size of JSPQ was 56.7 % lower than one of the quantization codebooks of MPEG surround. Average bit rate reduction on spatial parameters for standard 5.1-channel signals reached up to approximately 13 % compared with MPEG surround, while preserving comparable subjective spatial quality.

关键词： spatial audio coding Multichannel signals spatial parameters Just noticeable difference

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An efficient representation method for ICLD with robustness to spectral distortion

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ETRI JOURNAL 2005年第3期27卷 330-333页

作者： Beack, S Seo, J Kang, K Hahn, M ICU Multimedia Grp Taejon South Korea ETRI Digital Broadcasting Res Div Taejon South Korea

The inter-channel level difference (ICLD) is a cue parameter to estimate spectral information in binaural cue coding that has been recently in the spotlight as a multichannel audio signal compression technique. Even though the ICLD is an essential parameter it is generally distorted by quantization. In this paper a new modified ICLD representation method to minimize the quantization distortion is proposed by adopting a flexible determination of the reference channel and the unidirectional quantization scheme. Our experimental result confirms that the proposed method improves the multichannel audio output quality even with the reduced bit-rate.

关键词： spatial audio coding binaural cue coding multi-channel audio

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Joint Channel coding Based on Principal Component Analysis

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ETRI JOURNAL 2010年第5期32卷 831-834页

作者： Hyun, Dong-il Lee, Donggeum Park, Youngcheol Youn, Daehee Seo, Jeongil Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea Yonsei Univ Dept Comp Telecommun Engn Wonju South Korea ETRI Broadcasting & Telecommun Convergence Res Lab Taejon South Korea

This paper proposes a new joint channel coding algorithm based on principal component analysis. A conventional joint channel coder using passive downmixing undergoes a reduction of both the primary-to-ambient energy ratio (PAR) of the downmix signal and the panning gain ratio of the primary source. The proposed system preserves the PAR of the downmix signal by using active downmixing which reflects spatial characteristic. The proposed system also improves the accuracy of the panning gain ratio estimation. Computer simulations and subjective listening tests verify the performance of the proposed system.

关键词： spatial audio coding primary-to-ambient energy ratio principal component analysis active downmixing

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Estimation and quantization of ICC-dependent phase parameters for parametric stereo audio coding

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON audio SPEECH AND MUSIC PROCESSING 2012年第1期2012卷 1-12页

作者： Hyun, Dong-Il Park, Young-Cheol Youn, Dae Hee Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea Yonsei Univ Comp & Telecommun Engn Div Wonju Kangwon South Korea

Conventional parametric stereo (PS) audio coding employs inter-channel phase difference and overall phase difference as phase parameters. In this article, it is shown that those parameters cannot correctly represent the phase relationship between the stereo channels when inter-channel correlation (ICC) is less than one, which is common in practical situations. To solve this problem, we introduce new phase parameters, channel phase differences (CPDs), defined as the phase differences between the mono down mix and the stereo channels. Since CPDs have a descriptive relationship with ICC as well as inter-channel intensity difference, they are more relevant to represent the phase difference between the channels in practical situations. We also propose methods of synthesizing CPDs at the decoder. Through computer simulations and subjective listening tests, it is confirmed that the proposed methods produce significantly lower phase errors than conventional PS, and it can noticeably improve sound quality for stereo inputs with low ICCs.

关键词： Parametric stereo (PS) Inter-channel phase difference (IPD) Overall phase difference (OPD) Inter-channel correlation (ICC) Channel phase difference (CPD) Stereo audio coding spatial audio coding

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