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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Pinto, Francisco Vetterli, Martin Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL IC LCAV CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781457705397

This paper presents a signal processing tool for analyzing and manipulating digitized acoustic wave fields, based on a spatio-temporal extension of the time-frequency representation space. The emphasis is on wave fields acquired with a 1-D linear array of equidistant microphones (representing the spatial samples), but the basic formulation is valid for the three dimensions of space. We start by defining a spatio-temporal extension of the short time Fourier transform, in both continuous and discrete space and time, and then focus on applications of the proposed representation. In particular, we show that acoustic scenes with multiple sources can benefit from the use of space-frequency analysis in applications such as source separation (spatial filtering) and spatial audio coding (wave field coding). The experiments suggest that there is a spatial window size for which the performance of filtering and coding is optimal.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis space-frequency analysis source separation spatial audio coding

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MULTICHANNEL audio UPMIXING BASED ON NON-NEGATIVE TENSOR FACTORIZATION REPRESENTATION

MULTICHANNEL AUDIO UPMIXING BASED ON NON-NEGATIVE TENSOR FAC...

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IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to audio and Acoustics (WASPAA)

作者： Nikunen, J. Virtanen, T. Vilermo, M. Tampere Univ Technol Korkeakoulunkatu 1 Tampere 33720 Finland Nokia Res Ctr Tampere 33720 Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781457706936

This paper proposes a new spatial audio coding (SAC) method that is based on parametrization of multichannel audio by sound objects using non-negative tensor factorization (NTF). The spatial parameters are estimated using perceptually motivated NTF model and are used for upmixing a downmixed and encoded mixture signal. The performance of the proposed coding is evaluated using listening tests, which prove the coding performance being on a par with conventional SAC methods. The novelty of the proposed coding is that it enables controlling the upmix content by meaningful objects.

关键词： spatial audio coding Object-based audio coding Non-negative tensor factorization

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RESOLVING spatial SAMPLING EFFECTS IN PARAMETRIC DIRECTIONAL FILTERING

RESOLVING SPATIAL SAMPLING EFFECTS IN PARAMETRIC DIRECTIONAL...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Kallinger, Markus Buerger, Michael Thiergart, Oliver Kuech, Fabian Mahne, Dirk Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Circuits IIS D-91058 Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457705397

Directional audio coding (DirAC) represents an efficient scheme to analyze and reproduce spatial sound;the coded stream consists of a single-channel audio signal and few parameters. Estimation of these parameters ideally relies on figure-of-eight microphones and one omnidirectional microphone. The figure-of-eight directivity can be efficiently approximated by first-order differential microphone arrays. However, due to spatial sampling, there are considerable deviations from the required directivity at high frequencies. These deviations lead to incorrect spatial parameter estimates;especially, the instantaneous direction-of-arrival (DOA) becomes biased and - beyond a certain aliasing frequency - ambiguous. Parameters like the DOA drive subsequent processing units, e. g., for spatial filtering. In this paper we propose a novel strategy to compensate bias and ambiguity not directly w. r. t. the DOA but the output parameters of a spatial filtering processing unit. Simulation results confirm the benefits of the novel method, which does not involve additional computational load at run-time.

关键词： spatial filters beamforming spatial audio coding spatial aliasing

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Joint Channel coding Based on Principal Component Analysis

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ETRI JOURNAL 2010年第5期32卷 831-834页

作者： Hyun, Dong-il Lee, Donggeum Park, Youngcheol Youn, Daehee Seo, Jeongil Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea Yonsei Univ Dept Comp Telecommun Engn Wonju South Korea ETRI Broadcasting & Telecommun Convergence Res Lab Taejon South Korea

This paper proposes a new joint channel coding algorithm based on principal component analysis. A conventional joint channel coder using passive downmixing undergoes a reduction of both the primary-to-ambient energy ratio (PAR) of the downmix signal and the panning gain ratio of the primary source. The proposed system preserves the PAR of the downmix signal by using active downmixing which reflects spatial characteristic. The proposed system also improves the accuracy of the panning gain ratio estimation. Computer simulations and subjective listening tests verify the performance of the proposed system.

关键词： spatial audio coding primary-to-ambient energy ratio principal component analysis active downmixing

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EFFICIENT MERGING OF MULTIPLE audio STREAMS FOR spatial SOUND REPRODUCTION IN DIRECTIONAL audio coding

EFFICIENT MERGING OF MULTIPLE AUDIO STREAMS FOR SPATIAL SOUN...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Del Galdo, Giovanni Kuech, Fabian Kallinger, Markus Schultz-Amling, Richard Fraunhofer IIS Audio Dept D-91058 Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424423538

Directional audio coding (DirAC) is an efficient technique to capture and reproduce spatial sound. The analysis step outputs a mono DirAC stream, comprising an omnidirectional microphone pressure signal and side information, i.e., direction of arrival and diffuseness of the sound field expressed in time-frequency domain. This contribution proposes a method to merge two or more mono DirAC streams for a joint playback at the reproduction side. This problem arises in applications such as immersive spatial audio teleconferencing. With respect to a trivial direct merging, the proposed method is more efficient as it does not require the synthesis step. From this follows the benefit that the loudspeaker setup at the reproduction side does not have to be known in advance. Simulations and informal listening tests confirm the absence of any artifacts and that the proposed method is practically indistinguishable from the ideal merging.

关键词： spatial audio coding spatial audio processing

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spatial FILTERING USING DIRECTIONAL audio coding PARAMETERS

SPATIAL FILTERING USING DIRECTIONAL AUDIO CODING PARAMETERS

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Kallinger, Markus Del Galdo, Giovanni Kuech, Fabian Mahne, Dirk Schultz-Amling, Richard Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Circuits IIS D-91058 Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424423538

Directional audio coding (DirAC) is a recent method for spatial audio processing, based on a perceptually motivated representation of spatial sound. Due to its efficiency, DirAC has already been proposed for spatial audio teleconferencing scenarios. Modem hands-free communication systems usually include beamforming techniques to improve speech intelligibility by suppressing diffuse background noise and interfering sources. In this paper, we propose a novel spatial filtering method which can be integrated into the DirAC spatial codec. It uses a spectral weighting of the recorded audio signal, where the design of the corresponding spatial filter transfer function is based on the DirAC parameters, i.e., direction-of-arrival and diffuseness of the sound field. Simulation results show that compared to a standard beamformer the novel technique offers significantly higher interference attenuation, while introducing similar distortion of the desired signal.

关键词： spatial filters beamforming spatial audio coding

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Multi-channel audio service in a Terrestrial-DMB system using VSLI-based spatial audio coding

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ETRI JOURNAL 2005年第5期27卷 635-638页

作者： Seo, J Moon, HG Beack, S Kang, K Hong, JK ETRI Digital Broadcasting Res Div Taejon South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Appl Accoust Lab Seoul South Korea ICU Sch Elect Engn Taejon South Korea Kyungpook Natl Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Taegu South Korea

spatial audio coding (SAC) is an extremely high compact representation of encoded multi-channel audio material. This paper suggests a multi-channel audio service in the terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) system using a novel SAC tool, which is called a virtual source location information (VSLI)-based SAC tool. Intensive experiments are presented to evaluate the validity of the proposed VSLI-based SAC tool, and prototypical systems are also presented to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed multi-channel T-DMB system in real applications.

关键词： spatial audio coding terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting system multi-channel audio

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Enhanced direction estimation using microphone arrays for Directional audio coding

Enhanced direction estimation using microphone arrays for Di...

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Workshop on Hands-Free Speech Communication and Microphone Arrays

作者： Kallinger, Markus Kuech, Fabian Schultz-Amling, Richard Del Galdo, Giovanni Ahonen, Jukka Pulkki, Ville Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Circuit IIS Erlangen Germany Aalto Univ Lab Acoust & Audio Sig Proc Helsinki Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424423378

Modem home entertainment systems offer surround sound audio playback. This progress over known mono and stereo devices is also intended for high quality hands-free telephony to enhance intelligibility of speech in group conversation. Directional audio coding (DirAC) provides an efficient and well-established way to record and encode spatial sound and to render it at an arbitrary loudspeaker setup. On the recording site, DirAC is based on B-format microphone signals. These signals can be obtained by one omnidirectional and three figure-of-eight microphones pointing along the axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. However, a grid of omnidirectional microphones is more appropriate for consumer applications due to economic reasons. Arrays can provide the required figure-of-eight directionality only for a certain frequency range. However, in this contribution we show that a straightforward direction estimator is biased. After formulating the bias analytically we propose an unbiased estimator and derive the theoretical limits for unique direction estimation. The results are illustrated by means of simulations and measurements.

关键词： spatial audio coding microphone array spatial filters audio coding planar arrays

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A multi-channel audio compression method with virtual source location information for MPEG-4 SAC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2005年第4期51卷 1253-1259页

作者： Moon, HG Seo, JI Baek, S Sung, KM Seoul Natl Univ New Media Inst Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Seoul South Korea Elect & Telecommun Res Inst Taejon South Korea

Binaural cue coding (BCC) was introduced as an efficient representation method for MPEG-4 SAC (spatial audio coding). However, in a low bit-rate environment, the spectrum of BCC output signals degrades with respect to the perceptual level. The proposed system in this paper estimates VSLI (virtual source location information) as the side information. The VSLI is the angle representation of spatial images between channels on playback layout. The subjective assessment results show that the proposed method provides better audio quality than the BCC method for encoding multichannel signals(1).

关键词： spatial audio coding BCC side information VSLI VSLI-based SAC system

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An efficient representation method for ICLD with robustness to spectral distortion

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ETRI JOURNAL 2005年第3期27卷 330-333页

作者： Beack, S Seo, J Kang, K Hahn, M ICU Multimedia Grp Taejon South Korea ETRI Digital Broadcasting Res Div Taejon South Korea

The inter-channel level difference (ICLD) is a cue parameter to estimate spectral information in binaural cue coding that has been recently in the spotlight as a multichannel audio signal compression technique. Even though the ICLD is an essential parameter it is generally distorted by quantization. In this paper a new modified ICLD representation method to minimize the quantization distortion is proposed by adopting a flexible determination of the reference channel and the unidirectional quantization scheme. Our experimental result confirms that the proposed method improves the multichannel audio output quality even with the reduced bit-rate.

关键词： spatial audio coding binaural cue coding multi-channel audio

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