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Conference on Optics in Computing 2000

作者： Tanida, J Nitta, K Osaka Univ Grad Sch Engn Dept Mat & Life Sci Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819437328

An optical computing method for string data matching applicable to genome information processing is presented. With:encoding one-dimensional data into spatial code patterns, moire fringes between two different coded patterns provide information on the correspondence of the original data, which is useful for string alignment in genome analysis. A new code set for the spatial coding is capable of processing complementary base-pairing DNA sequences. Results of the preliminary experiments are shown to verify effectiveness of the method. Processing performance is evaluated with a simplified model. Finally, two optoelectronic implementations are presented for future directions.

关键词： string matching moire spatial coding parallel processing genome analysis DNA amino acid optoelectronic system

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Reversing the affordance effect: Negative stimulus-response compatibility observed with images of graspable objects

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COGNITIVE PROCESSING 2015年第1-Sup期16卷 S72-S72页

作者： Kostov, Kiril Janyan, Armina New Bulgarian Univ Dept Cognit Sci & Psychol Sofia Bulgaria New Bulgarian Univ Res Ctr Cognit Sci Sofia Bulgaria Natl Res Tomsk State Univ Tomsk Russia

Responses are faster when the task-irrelevant orientation of a graspable object’s handle corresponds to the location of the response hand. Over the past decade, research has focused on dissociating between two competing accounts of this effect: One rooted in motoric object affordances and the other resting on attentional mechanisms (i.e., Simon effect). Following this avenue of inquiry, we conducted three experiments, in which subjects had to respond bimanually to grayscale photographs of frying pans and saucepans. In addition to horizontal orientation (control/leftward/rightward handles), Experiments 1 and 2 also manipulated the direction of exogenous attentional shifts (left/right) using laterally placed, colored markers within the objects. Both experiments yielded regular Simon effects based on the location of the colored markers. However, in stark contrast to previous research, a negative stimulus–response compatibility effect was obtained with regard to the orientation of the graspable handles. This reversed affordance effect was also observed using the original, unedited grayscale photographs (Experiment 3), which suggested that its occurrence cannot be attributed to the use of colored markers. These unexpected findings appear to support the idea that Simon effects result from automatic and exogenous attentional orienting mechanisms, whereas affordances arise from controlled and endogenous attentional processes. Such a top-down attentional account of affordance can accommodate the observed reversal of the effect in the context of task characteristics.

关键词： Simon effect Inverse affordance Attention Negative stimulus–response compatibility spatial coding

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The Impact of Residual Vision in spatial Skills of Individuals With Visual Impairments

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JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION 2011年第2期45卷 118-127页

作者： Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Koustriava, Eleni Kartasidou, Lefkothea Univ Macedonia Dept Educ & Social Policy Thessaloniki Greece

Loss of vision is believed to have a great impact on the acquisition of spatial knowledge. The aims of the present study are to examine the performance of individuals with visual impairments on spatial tasks and the impact of residual vision on processing these tasks. In all, 28 individuals with visual impairments-blindness or low vision-participated in this study. The results reveal that participants with visual impairments were competent to perform spatial tasks, and their performance is related to the existence of residual vision.

关键词： visual impairments body knowledge laterality directionality mental rotation spatial coding spatial representation

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Properties of neural noise in amblyopia

Properties of neural noise in amblyopia

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21st International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF)

作者： Medina, Jose M. Carvalho, Jorge Franco, Sandra Ctr Phys Dept Phys P-4710057 Braga Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781457701924

We have examined the characteristics of neural noise in amblyopia, a disorder that impairs binocular vision. Noninvasive methods based on signal-detection theory and psychophysics were used to measure threshold fluctuations in orientation processing, which is considered a main feature of cortical processing. Fluctuations were correlated and increase with the response size by power law scaling behavior. The scaling exponent in amblyopia was similar or lower than normal vision. Comparisons between observational conditions have revealed that the scaling exponent in normal binocular vision was lower than the monocular case. Surprisingly, the exponents in the amblyopic and fellow eye were lower than in amblyopic vision. The results conclude that amblyopia does not necessarily involve greater internal noise but an inverted trend.

关键词： neural fluctuations and noise brain dynamics low vision spatial coding psychophysics developmental neural plasticity

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Tactile Treasure Map: Integrating Allocentric and Egocentric Information for Tactile Guidance 2nd

Tactile Treasure Map: Integrating Allocentric and Egocentric...

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2nd International Conference on AsiaHaptics

作者： Memeo, Mariacarla de Jesus Oliveira, Victor Adriel Nedel, Luciana Maciel, Anderson Brayda, Luca Fdn Ist Italiano Tecnol IIT RBCS Genoa Italy Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul INF Porto Alegre RS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789811041570;9789811041563

With interactive maps a person can manage to find the way from one point to another, using an allocentric perspective (e. g. Google Maps), but also looking at a location as from the inside of the map with an egocentric perspective (e. g. Google StreetView). Such experience cannot be performed with tactile maps, mostly explored from a top-view. To solve this, we built a system with two different but complementary devices. When coupled, they can provide both allocentric and egocentric spatial information to support the exploration of interactive tactile maps. To show the potential of the system, we built a blind treasure hunt.

关键词： Haptics Tactile guidance spatial coding Assistive technology Tactile mouse Vibrotactile head-mounted display

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Data reduction for the AMBER instrument

Data reduction for the AMBER instrument

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Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry

作者： Millour, F Tatulli, E Chelli, A Duvert, G Zins, G Acke, B Malbet, F Observ Grenoble LAOG F-38041 Grenoble 9 France

ISBN: (纸本)0819454230

We present here the general formalism and data processing steps used in the data reduction pipeline of the AMBER instrument. AMBER is a three-telescope interferometric beam combiner in J, H and K bands installed at ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer. The fringes obtained on the 3 pairs of telescopes are spatially coded and spectrally dispersed. These are monitored on a 512x512 infrared camera at frame rates up to 100 frames per second, and this paper presents the algorithm used to retrieve the complex coherent visibility of the science target and the subsequent squared visibility, differential phase and phase closure on the 3 bases and in the 3 spectral bands available in AMBER.

关键词： AMBER VLTI long baseline infrared interferometry complex visibility P2VM algorithm data reduction software spectroscopy spatial coding phase closure interspectrum

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Visuospatial properties of caudal area 7b in Macaca fascicularis

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Zoological Research 2013年第2期34卷 50-61页

作者： Hui-Hui JIANG Ying-Zhou HU Jian-Hong WANG Yuan-Ye MA Xin-Tian HU Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences&Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Kunming Primate Research Center Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

To proceed from sensation to movement,integration and transformation of information from different senses and reference frames are *** brain areas are involved in this transformation process,but previous neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies have implicated the caudal area 7b as one particular component of this transformation *** this study,we present the first quantitative report on the spatial coding properties of caudal area *** results showed that neurons in this area had intermediate component characteristics in the transformation system;the area contained bimodal neurons,and neurons in this area encode spatial information using a hybrid reference *** results provide evidence that caudal area 7b may belong to the reference frame transformation system,thus contributing to our general understanding of the transformation system.

关键词： Reference frame spatial coding Receptive field Area 7b

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Grid codes vs. multi-scale, multi-field place codes for space

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FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024年 18卷 1276292页

作者： Dietrich, Robin Waniek, Nicolai Stemmler, Martin Knoll, Alois Tech Univ Munich Sch Computat Informat & Technol Munich Germany Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Kavli Inst Syst Neurosci Trondheim Norway Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Math Sci Trondheim Norway Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen Bernstein Ctr Computat Neurosci Munich Germany

Introduction Recent work on bats flying over long distances has revealed that single hippocampal cells have multiple place fields of different sizes. At the network level, a multi-scale, multi-field place cell code outperforms classical single-scale, single-field place codes, yet the performance boundaries of such a code remain an open question. In particular, it is unknown how general multi-field codes compare to a highly regular grid code, in which cells form distinct modules with different *** In this work, we address the coding properties of theoretical spatial coding models with rigorous analyses of comprehensive simulations. Starting from a multi-scale, multi-field network, we performed evolutionary optimization. The resulting multi-field networks sometimes retained the multi-scale property at the single-cell level but most often converged to a single scale, with all place fields in a given cell having the same size. We compared the results against a single-scale single-field code and a one-dimensional grid code, focusing on two main characteristics: the performance of the code itself and the dynamics of the network generating *** Our simulation experiments revealed that, under normal conditions, a regular grid code outperforms all other codes with respect to decoding accuracy, achieving a given precision with fewer neurons and fields. In contrast, multi-field codes are more robust against noise and lesions, such as random drop-out of neurons, given that the significantly higher number of fields provides redundancy. Contrary to our expectations, the network dynamics of all models, from the original multi-scale models before optimization to the multi-field models that resulted from optimization, did not maintain activity bumps at their original locations when a position-specific external input was *** Optimized multi-field codes appear to strike a compromise between a place code and a grid code that reflects a trade-off between

关键词： place cells grid cells continuous attractor networks spatial coding multiple scales hippocampus localization evolutionary optimization

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BEAM SCANNING BINARY LOGIC

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JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS & EXPRESS LETTERS 1990年第7期29卷 L1268-L1269页

作者： ITOH, H MUKAI, S WATANABE, M MORI, M YAJIMA, H Electrotechnical Laboratory Optical Information Section

A novel optoelectronic logic operation technique using a beam scanning laser diode is proposed. This technique realizes fundamental logic operation gates and a spatial encoder with simple configurations.

关键词： Beam scanning Logic gate Optical computing spatial coding Twin-stripe laser diode

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SIGNALING SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLE-ACCESS LASER COMMUNICATIONS AND INTERFERENCE PROTECTION

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APPLIED OPTICS 1993年第11期32卷 1965-1972页

作者： RIZA, NA HERSHEY, JE HASSAN, AA The authors are with the General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center P.O. Box 8 KWB617 Schenectady New York 12301.

Signaling by spatial coding is proposed for asynchronous multiple-access free-space optical communications and interference mitigation. The large spatial bandwidth (e.g., 10(6) pixels) of each laser transmitter aperture is utilized for user coding, while the transmitter temporal bandwidth is preserved for information signals. Signal recovery is based on incoherent optical detection, spatial sampling, and electronic or optical matched filtering of the remotely received transmit optical beam Fresnel or Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. The proposed signaling method is appropriate for multiple-access free-space laser links involving multiple transmitters that use a common receiver. With electronic filtering, low-to-medium (e.g., 3 Mbits/s) data-rate users are appropriate. With a lenslet-array-based incoherent optical correlator, higher (e.g., 100 Mbits/s) data rates can be achieved. Improved interference protection is achieved by spatially distributed bit-duration-based processing. Preliminary simulation results are carried out to demonstrate operating principles.

关键词： LASER COMMUNICATIONS MULTIPLE-ACCESS COMMUNICATIONS spatial coding FREE-SPACE SPACE TIME coding

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