In fish, olfactory sensory neurons expressing specific odorant receptors are randomly distributed throughout the olfactory epithelium, and, yet, these subsets of olfactory neurons segregate as they enter the olfactory...
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In fish, olfactory sensory neurons expressing specific odorant receptors are randomly distributed throughout the olfactory epithelium, and, yet, these subsets of olfactory neurons segregate as they enter the olfactory bulb and project to restricted regions. We investigated the functional significance of this projection pattern by recording electroencephalographic responses (EEGs) from the olfactory bulb, while simultaneously monitoring electro-olfactograms (EOGs) in response to two distinct odorant groups, amino acids (AA) and a bile acid, taurocholic acid (TCA), in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). EEGs to AA and TCA distributed in two segregated regions, lateroposterior and mid olfactory bulb. When olfactory rosettes were subjected to partial lamellectomy (removal of the anterior, posterior, medial, or lateral half), both EOGs and EEGs to these odorants were uniformly reduced, and the degree of reduction was not dependent on the rosette region removed. These results indicate that the entire rosette contributes to the generation of EOGs, leading to transmission to the bulb. We conclude that in salmonid fishes olfactory neurons responsive to AA and TCA are randomly distributed throughout the olfactory epithelium, and yet project to spatially segregated regions and thereby generated signals are encoded independently in the bulb.
Stimuli associated with large quantities are typically responded to faster with a right-than a left-side key, whereas stimuli associated with small quantities are typically responded to faster with a left-than a right...
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Stimuli associated with large quantities are typically responded to faster with a right-than a left-side key, whereas stimuli associated with small quantities are typically responded to faster with a left-than a right-side key. This phenomenon is known as the spatial-quantity association of response codes (SQUARC) effect. Here, in two experiments, we explored whether a SQUARC effect can emerge for light versus heavy items. Participants judged whether the weight associated with a central target word, describing an animal (e.g. 'cow';Experiment 1) or a material (e.g. 'iron';Experiment 2), was lighter or heavier than the weight associated with a reference word. Responses were provided with a left-and a right-side button. Then, participants estimated the weight associated with target and reference words. In both experiments, evidence for a SQUARC effect emerged. Moreover, response times for each target word decreased with absolute difference between its rated weight and the rated weight of the reference word, in line with a distance effect. Overall, these results provide evidence of a possible spatial representation of weight.
A simple and informative method for exploring genome information is presented. The method is based on a spatially coded moire matching technique to visualize a relation between two genome sequences. The basic idea and...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819447188
A simple and informative method for exploring genome information is presented. The method is based on a spatially coded moire matching technique to visualize a relation between two genome sequences. The basic idea and its extensions to amino acid sequence analysis and multiple sequences comparison are explained with some experimental results.
High-resolution remote sensing (HRRS) scene classification plays an important role in numerous applications. During the past few decades, a lot of remarkable efforts have been made to develop various methods for HRRS ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538671504
High-resolution remote sensing (HRRS) scene classification plays an important role in numerous applications. During the past few decades, a lot of remarkable efforts have been made to develop various methods for HRRS scene classification. In this paper, focusing on the problems of complex context relationship and large differences of object scale in HRRS scene images, we propose a deep CNN-based scene classification method, which not only enables to enhance the ability of spatial representation, but adaptively recalibrates channel-wise feature responses to suppress useless feature channels. We evaluated the proposed method on a publicly large-scale dataset with several state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) models. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective to extract high-level category features for HRRS scene classification.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of irrelevant location information on performance of visual choice-reaction tasks. We review empirical findings and theoretical explanations from two domains, tho...
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of irrelevant location information on performance of visual choice-reaction tasks. We review empirical findings and theoretical explanations from two domains, those of the Simon effect and the spatial Stroop effect, in which stimulus location has been shown to affect reaction time when irrelevant to the task. We then integrate the findings and explanations from the two domains to clarify how and why stimulus location influences performance even when it is uninformative to the correct response. Factors that influence the processing of irrelevant location information include response modality, relative timing with respect to the relevant information, spatial coding, and allocation of attention. The most promising accounts are offered by models in which response selection is a function of (1) strength of association of the irrelevant stimulus information with the response and (2) temporal overlap of the resulting response activation with that produced by the relevant stimulus information.
In a recent study, Gevers and colleagues (2010, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Vol. 139, pp. 180-190) showed that the SNARC (spatial numerical association of response codes) effect in adults results not ...
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In a recent study, Gevers and colleagues (2010, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Vol. 139, pp. 180-190) showed that the SNARC (spatial numerical association of response codes) effect in adults results not only from spatial coding of magnitude (e.g., mental number line hypothesis) but also from verbal coding. Because children are surrounded by rulers, number lines, and the like in the classroom, it is intuitively appealing to assume that they first use their mental number line to represent numbers and that only later in development a verbal recoding of magnitude information takes place. However, this hypothesis has never been tested. The goal of the current study was to define the developmental pattern of both accounts (spatial and verbal) in explaining the SNARC effect. To this end, 9- and 11-year-olds were tested in a magnitude comparison task. Surprisingly, clear and robust evidence for verbal coding of magnitude information was observed in both age groups. Our results imply that the ability to use verbal coding of magnitude information is robustly present early in formal schooling. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
We assessed the automaticity of spatial-numerical and spatial-musical associations by testing their intentionality and load sensitivity in a dual-task paradigm. In separate sessions, 16 healthy adults performed magnit...
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We assessed the automaticity of spatial-numerical and spatial-musical associations by testing their intentionality and load sensitivity in a dual-task paradigm. In separate sessions, 16 healthy adults performed magnitude and pitch comparisons on sung numbers with variable pitch. Stimuli and response alternatives were identical, but the relevant stimulus attribute (pitch or number) differed between tasks. Concomitant tasks required retention of either color or location information. Results show that spatial associations of both magnitude and pitch are load sensitive and that the spatial association for pitch is more powerful than that for magnitude. These findings argue against the automaticity of spatial mappings in either stimulus dimension.
作者：
Nitta, KouichiKobe Univ
Grad Sch Grad Syst Informat Rokkodai 1-1 Kobe Hyogo 6578501 Japan
Single pixel imaging (SPI) is considered to be a promised technique in computational imaging because of some advantageous features and suitability for signal restoration with compressive sensing, deep learning, and so...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510647237
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510647237;9781510647220
Single pixel imaging (SPI) is considered to be a promised technique in computational imaging because of some advantageous features and suitability for signal restoration with compressive sensing, deep learning, and so on. In this presentation, the principle of SPI is explained. In the SPI, two dimensional spatial modulation for optical signals is an important operations. A procedure for renewal of the modulation has been proposed. This procedure with spatial pattern shift is suitable for a some specific implementation based on SPI. Especially, it is useful for imaging of a target moving at a constant velocity. This procedure is introduced and usefulness of it is discussed.
When participants classify pictures of objects as upright or inverted with a left or right keypress, responses are faster if the response location (left/right) corresponds with the location of a handle (left/right) th...
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When participants classify pictures of objects as upright or inverted with a left or right keypress, responses are faster if the response location (left/right) corresponds with the location of a handle (left/right) than if it does not. This result has typically been attributed to a grasping affordance (automatic activation of muscles associated with grasping the object with the ipsilateral hand), but several findings have indicated instead that the effect is a spatial correspondence effect, much like the Simon effect for object location. Pappas (2014) reported evidence he interpreted as showing that spatial coding predominates with silhouettes of objects, whereas photographs of objects yield affordance-based effects. We conducted two experiments similar to those of Pappas, using frying pans as stimuli, with our two experiments differing in whether the entire object was centered on the display screen or the base was centered. When the objects were centered, a positive correspondence effect relative to the handle was evident for the silhouettes but a negative correspondence effect for the photographs. When the base was centered, the handle was clearly located to the left or right side of the display, and both silhouettes and photographs produced correspondence effects of similar size relative to the handle location. Despite the main results being counter to the grasping affordance hypothesis, response-time distribution analyses suggest that, instead of activating automatically at fast responses, an effector-specific component of the hypothesized type may come into play for responses that are selected after the handle location has been identified.
Three experiments are reported investigating the role of letter order in orthographic subset priming (e. g., grdn-GARDEN) using both the conventional masked priming technique as well as the sandwich priming technique ...
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Three experiments are reported investigating the role of letter order in orthographic subset priming (e. g., grdn-GARDEN) using both the conventional masked priming technique as well as the sandwich priming technique in a lexical decision task. In all three experiments, subset primes produced priming with the effect being considerably larger when sandwich priming was used. More importantly, there was very little difference in the degree of priming produced by subset primes with transposed (i.e., gdrn) vs. nontransposed (grdn) internal letters. The priming effects with transposed letter subset primes contradict Peressotti and Grainger's claim that letter order must be maintained in order to produce subset priming effects (i.e., their "relative position priming constraint").
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