This study uses mobile phone data to examine how socioeconomic status was associated with the extent of mobility reduction during the spring 2020 lockdown in England in a manner that considers both potentially confoun...
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This study uses mobile phone data to examine how socioeconomic status was associated with the extent of mobility reduction during the spring 2020 lockdown in England in a manner that considers both potentially confounding effects and spatial dependency and heterogeneity. It shows that socioeconomic status as approximated through income and occupation was strongly correlated with the extent of mobility reduction. It also demonstrates that the specific nature of the association of socioeconomic status with mobility reduction varied markedly across England. Finally, the analysis suggests that the spatial differentiation in the ability to restrict everyday mobility in response to a national lockdown is an important topic for future research.
Computational grids are now widespread, but their large-scale behaviour is still poorly understood. We report on some calculations of loading, scaling and utilisation behaviours of computational grids, based on simula...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781920682361
Computational grids are now widespread, but their large-scale behaviour is still poorly understood. We report on some calculations of loading, scaling and utilisation behaviours of computational grids, based on simulations. We employ animat agents on a topologically detailed graph representing a grid overlay network. Agents are used to represent computational jobs, users and resources. We can obtain realistic behaviours by endowing user agents with time-varying microscopic behaviour *** are able to study the static flow and dynamical macroscopic properties of the network including emergent pathological behaviours and other anomalies that arise when parts of the network become temporarily unavailable. Our model is based on graph theory with various attributes decorating the edges and nodes which have physical locations. We develop some overall grid utility metrics that can be analysed. Our work suggests that grids do need to be treated as complex adaptive systems.
When studying architectural experience in the lab, it is of paramount importance to use a proxy as close to real -world experience as possible. Whilst still images visually describe real spaces, and virtual reality al...
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When studying architectural experience in the lab, it is of paramount importance to use a proxy as close to real -world experience as possible. Whilst still images visually describe real spaces, and virtual reality allows for dynamic movement, each medium lacks the alternative attribute. To merge these benefits, we created and validated a novel dataset of valenced videos of first-person-view travel through built environments. This dataset was then used to clarify the relationship of core affect (valence and arousal) and architectural experience. Specifically, we verified the relationship between valence and fascination, coherence, and hominess -three key psychological dimensions of architectural experience which have previously been shown to explain aesthetic ratings of built environments. We also found that arousal is only significantly correlated with fascination, and that both are embedded in a relationship with spatial complexity and unusualness. These results help to clarify the nature of fascination, and to distinguish it from coherence and hominess when it comes to core affect. Moreover, these results demonstrate the utility of a video dataset of affect-laden spaces for understanding architectural experience.
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are endowed with high structural and spatial complexity and characterized by diverse biological activities. Given this complexity-activity combination in MIAs, rapid and efficient a...
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Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are endowed with high structural and spatial complexity and characterized by diverse biological activities. Given this complexity-activity combination in MIAs, rapid and efficient access to chemical matter related to and with complexity similar to these alkaloids would be highly desirable, since such compound classes might display novel bioactivity. We describe the design and synthesis of a pseudo-natural product (pseudo-NP) collection obtained by the unprecedented combination of MIA fragments through complexity-generating transformations, resulting in arrangements not currently accessible by biosynthetic pathways. Cheminformatic analyses revealed that both the pseudo-NPs and the MIAs reside in a unique and common area of chemical space with high spatial complexity-density that is only sparsely populated by other natural products and drugs. Investigation of bioactivity guided by morphological profiling identified pseudo-NPs that inhibit DNA synthesis and modulate tubulin. These results demonstrate that the pseudo-NP collection occupies similar biologically relevant chemical space that Nature has endowed MIAs with.
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