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Reconfigurable Three-Dimensional Mesotructures of spatially Programmed Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Their Ferromagnetic Composites

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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021年第23期31卷 2100338-2100338页

作者： Li, Yi Yu, Huabin Yu, Kai Guo, Xiaogang Wang, Xueju Univ Connecticut Dept Mat Sci & Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA Beijing Inst Technol Inst Adv Struct Technol Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Univ Colorado Dept Mech Engn Denver CO 80217 USA Univ Connecticut Inst Mat Sci Dept Mat Sci & Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA

Reversible programming of 3D soft mesostructures is desired for many applications including soft robotics and biomedical devices. The large, reversible shape changes of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which result from the coupling between the alignment of liquid crystal (LC) molecules and the macroscopic deformation of polymer networks, have attracted much attention for such applications. Here, a facile and versatile strategy is introduced to create reconfigurable, freestanding 3D mesostructures of LCEs and magnetic LCE composites that are inaccessible with existing techniques via spatially programming LC molecules through mechanical buckling. Demonstrations include experimental and theoretical results of more than 20 reconfigurable 3D LCE mesostructures of diverse configurations, from coils and spirals to structures that resemble fences and frameworks, with characteristic feature sizes and thicknesses ranging from micro to macro. The large, reversible shape-switching behaviors of these structures over multiple cycles are also demonstrated. An LCE gripper is shown to grab/release objects of both regular and irregular geometries. Furthermore, a robot of ferromagnetic LCE composites that simultaneously responds to magnetic and thermal stimuli for diverse biomimetic behaviors, especially crawling underneath a narrow crack, illustrates the integration of other functional materials to LCEs for multifunctional systems.

关键词： liquid crystal elastomers reconfigurable three‐ dimensional mesostructures reversible shape morphing soft robots spatial programming

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Situated Game Level Editing in Augmented Reality 18

Situated Game Level Editing in Augmented Reality

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12th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (TEI)

作者： Ng, Gary Shin, Joon Gi Plopski, Alexander Sandor, Christian Saakes, Daniel Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Ind Design Daejeon South Korea Nara Inst Sci & Technol Ikoma Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450355681

Level editors let end-users create custom levels and content within a given video game. In this paper, we explore the concept and design of Augmented reality game level editors. These new types of editors are not only spatial and embodied, but also situated, as they enable users to tailor games to the unique characteristics and emotional value of their own space. We present the design and implementation of a prototype level editor that runs on the Microsoft HoloLens. The editor enables users to add virtual content in their homes and add interactions through spatial trigger-action game-logic programming. We had pairs of students create games with the prototype and play each other's games. They reported that games are fun to make, play, and watch others play. Based on the design and evaluation, we propose guidelines for Augmented reality game-authoring tools for end users.

关键词： Augmented Reality Game Design Level Editor spatial programming Trigger-Action programming

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Harnessing the Power of FPGAs with the Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL™ 2017

Harnessing the Power of FPGAs with the Intel FPGA SDK for Op...

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Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on OpenCL

作者： Byron Sinclair Andrew C. Ling Genady Paikin Intel Corporation Toronto Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450352147

In this tutorial, we will introduce you to the reconfigurable hardware architecture and programming of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). You will learn why FPGAs have become so popular in recent years, and understand the many advantages of using FPGAs in your HPC application. In particular, we will cover architectural features of FPGAs that make them well suited to many complex operations, including matrix multiplications and convolutions. In addition, we will introduce you to programming FPGAs using the Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL™, and how specific OpenCL coding techniques can lead to efficient circuits implemented on the FPGA. Finally, we will go over several case studies where FPGAs have shown very competitive performance when programmed using OpenCL, including convolutional neural nets, FFTs, and astronomy de-dispersion algorithms.

关键词： HPC FPGA spatial programming

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Efficient Control and Communication Paradigms for Coarse-Grained spatial Architectures

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER SYSTEMS 2015年第3期33卷 10-10页

作者： Pellauer, Michael Parashar, Angshuman Adler, Michael Ahsan, Bushra Allmon, Randy Crago, Neal Fleming, Kermin Gambhir, Mohit Jaleel, Aamer Krishna, Tushar Lustig, Daniel Maresh, Stephen Pavlov, Vladimir Rayess, Rachid Zhai, Antonia Emer, Joel Intel Corp Hudson MA 01749 USA Princeton Univ Princeton NJ 08544 USA Univ Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA

There has been recent interest in exploring the acceleration of nonvectorizable workloads with spatially programmed architectures that are designed to efficiently exploit pipeline parallelism. Such an architecture faces two main problems: how to efficiently control each processing element (PE) in the system, and how to facilitate inter-PE communication without the overheads of traditional shared-memory coherent memory. In this article, we explore solving these problems using triggered instructions and latency-insensitive channels. Triggered instructions completely eliminate the program counter (PC) and allow programs to transition concisely between states without explicit branch instructions. Latency-insensitive channels allow efficient communication of inter-PE control information while simultaneously enabling flexible code placement and improving tolerance for variable events such as cache accesses. Together, these approaches provide a unified mechanism to avoid overserialized execution, essentially achieving the effect of techniques such as dynamic instruction reordering and multithreading. Our analysis shows that a spatial accelerator using triggered instructions and latency-insensitive channels can achieve 8x greater area-normalized performance than a traditional general-purpose processor. Further analysis shows that triggered control reduces the number of static and dynamic instructions in the critical paths by 62% and 64%, respectively, over a PC-style baseline, increasing the performance of the spatial programming approach by 2.0x.

关键词： Design Architecture Processor Hardware spatial programming reconfigurable accelerators

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Adaptive Spatiotemporal Node Selection in Dynamic Networks 10

Adaptive Spatiotemporal Node Selection in Dynamic Networks

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19th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques

作者： Hari, Pradip McCabe, John B. P. Banafato, Jonathan Henry, Marcus Ko, Kevin Koukoumidis, Emmanouil Kremer, Ulrich Martonosi, Margaret Peh, Li-Shiuan Rutgers State Univ Dept Comp Sci Piscataway NJ 08855 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450301787

Dynamic networks spontaneous, self-organizing groups of devices are a promising new computing platform. Writing applications for such networks is a daunting task, however, due to their extreme variability and unpredictability, with many devices having significant resource limitations. Intelligent, automated distribution of work across network nodes is needed to get the most out of limited resource budgets. We propose a novel framework for distributing computations across a dynamic network, in which applications specify their spatiotemporal properties at a very high level. The underlying system makes node selection decisions to exploit these properties, producing high quality results within a fixed resource budget. A distributed computation is expressed as a semantically parallel loop over a geographic area and time period. Feedback from the application about the quality of node selection decisions is used to guide future decisions, even while the loop is still in progress. This simplifies the process of writing dynamic network applications by allowing programmers to focus on the goals of their applications, rather than on the topology and environment of the network. Our framework implementation consists of extensions to the Java language, a compiler for this extended language, and a run-time system that work together to provide a simple, powerful architecture for dynamic network programming. We evaluate our system using 11 Nokia N810 tablet PC devices and 14 Neo Free Runner (Openmoko) smartphones, as well as a simulation environment that models the behavior of up to 500 devices. For three representative applications, we obtain significant improvements in the number of useful results obtained when compared with baseline node selection algorithms: up to 745% (measured), 117% (simulated) for an Amber Alert application;38% (measured), 14.2% (simulated) for a Bird Tracking application;and 86% (measured), 209% (simulated) for a Crowd Estimation application.

关键词： spatial programming spatiotemporal programming dynamic networks ad hoc networks node selection adaptive scheduling feedback-directed scheduling quality of result location-awareness resource-awareness

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A framework for incremental construction of real global smart space applications

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PERVASIVE AND MOBILE COMPUTING 2009年第4期5卷 350-368页

作者： Meier, Rene Harrington, Anthony Beckmann, Kai Cahill, Vinny Trinity Coll Dublin Dept Comp Sci Distributed Syst Grp Dublin Ireland

This article describes a standardised way to build context-aware global smart space 1applications using information that is distributed across independent (legacy, sensor-enabled, and embedded) systems by exploiting the overlapping spatial and temporal attributes of the information maintained by these systems. The framework supports a spatial programming model based on a topographical approach to modelling space that enables systems to independently define and use potentially overlapping spatial context in a consistent manner and in contrast to topological approaches, in which geographical relationships between objects are described explicitly. This approach is supported by an extensible data model that implicitly captures the relationships between information provided by separate underlying systems and facilitates the incremental construction of global smart spaces since the underlying systems to be incorporated are largely decoupled. The framework has been evaluated using a prototype that integrates legacy systems and context-aware services for multi-modal urban journey planning and for visualising traffic congestion. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Global smart spaces Middleware spatial programming Context-aware applications

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'Everything is made of atoms': the reprogramming of space and time in post-war London

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JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY 2008年第1期34卷 94-117页

作者： Hornsey, Richard Univ W England Sch Cultural Studies Bristol BS16 2JP Avon England

From the middle of the Second World War until the early 1950s, architects, planners and designers in Britain made an unprecedented investment in reforming the built environment as a means to ensure a stable and secure post-war society. This essay considers the importance of movement, trajectory and repetition within this reconstruction vision and how the organisation of these things provided a basis for imagining a new form of consensual urban community. The essay begins by exploring how the County of London Plan (Abercrombie and Forshaw, 1943) and the Greater London Plan (Abercrombie, 1945) articulated a set of spatio-temporal logics, based on the prescribed trajectory of the individual embedded within a programme of quotidian repetitions. These logics suggested that urban space could be built to foreclose the possibility of historical conflict. The essay then explores the material design of two post-war exhibitions, Britain Can Make It (1946) and the Festival of Britain's South Bank Exhibition (1951), which offered visitors an experiential taster of what these new urban choreographies would feel like. To end, the essay explores the recurrent figure of the atom within post-war public pedagogy. Within this briefly ubiquitous mechanistic image lay an unacknowledged assurance about how hierarchical structures of movement and repetition sustained the material world, just as these things were being invoked to secure London's position across a range of scales from the local urban neighbourhood to the post-war Commonwealth. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Post-war London Patrick Abercrombie Britain Can Make It Festival of Britain Atom spatial programming

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Establishing a benchmark for comparing relative cost-effectiveness of an alternative policy instrument for controlling non-point source pollution

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WATER SA 2007年第5期33卷 609-614页

作者： Grove, B. Oosthuizen, L. K. Univ Orange Free State Dept Agr Econ ZA-9301 Bloemfontein South Africa

Knowledge about economic environmental tradeoffs is a prerequisite to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of alternative policy instruments to control non-point source pollution (NPS). Failure to explicitly account for the impact of the spatial combination of alternative management practices on pollution contribution rates while quantifying these tradeoffs may cause relative comparisons between alternative policy instruments to control NPS pollution inappropriate. The main objective of this research is to develop a spatial decision support system able to quantify cost-effective economic environmental tradeoffs of maintaining alternative pollution standards taking the interrelated linkages between various agricultural management practices into account. The system is used to establish a benchmark tradeoff curve by means of which alternative policy instruments to control NPS pollution can be compared to determine their relative cost-effectiveness. Tradeoff analyses indicated that the pollution contribution factor plays a cardinal role in determining pollution abatement cost and therefore the benchmark. The importance of the contribution factor highlights the necessity of taking the interdependencies between management units into account when modelling economic environmental tradeoffs. Catchment level tradeoffs showed that the nitrate water quality indicator can be improved with little cost due to both positive and negative tradeoffs at the sub-catchment level. Significant variability exists at the sub-catchment level when nitrate pollution abatement and abatement cost are concerned. The conclusion is that care should be taken not to compare the relative cost-effectiveness of alternative policy instruments to control NPS pollution based on catchment level tradeoffs alone.

关键词： spatial programming environment tradeoffs irrigation pollution contribution factors

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