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Long-term global motion estimation and its application for sprite coding, content description, and segmentation

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 1999年第8期9卷 1227-1242页

作者： Smolic, A Sikora, T Ohm, JR Heinrich Hertz Inst Nachrichtentech Berlin GmbH D-10587 Berlin Germany

In this paper, we present a new technique for long-term global motion estimation of image objects. The estimated motion parameters describe the continuous and time-consistent motion over the whole sequence relatively to a fixed reference coordinate system. The proposed method is suitable for the estimation of affine motion parameters as well as for higher order motion models like the parabolic model-combining the advantages of feature matching and optical flow techniques. A hierarchical strategy is applied for the estimation, first translation, affine motion, and finally higher order motion parameters, which is robust and computationally efficient. A closed-loop prediction scheme is applied to avoid the problem of error accumulation in long-term motion estimation. The presented results indicate that the proposed technique is a-very accurate and robust approach for long-term global motion estimation, which can be used for applications such as MPEG-4 sprite coding or MPEG-7 motion description. We also show that the efficiency of global motion estimation can be significantly increased if a higher order motion model is applied, and we present a new sprite coding scheme for on-line applications, We further demonstrate that the proposed estimator serves as a powerful tool for segmentation of video sequences.

关键词： global motion estimation MPEG-7 content description segmentation sprite coding

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Automatic MPEG-4 sprite coding-Comparison of integrated object segmentation algorithms

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2010年第3期49卷 483-512页

作者： Glantz, Alexander Krutz, Andreas Sikora, Thomas Nunes, Paulo Pereira, Fernando Tech Univ Berlin Commun Syst Grp Berlin Germany Inst Super Ciencias Trabalho & Empresa Inst Telecommun Lisbon Portugal Inst Super Tecn Inst Telecommun Lisbon Portugal

sprite coding, as standardized in MPEG-4 Visual, can result in superior performance compared to common hybrid video codecs. We consider sprite coding, which significantly increases the objective as well as the subjective quality of coded video content. The main challenge of this approach is the segmentation of the foreground objects in a preprocessing step. We evaluate automatic object segmentation methods based on global motion estimation and background sprite generation. The objects are coded using the MPEG-4 Visual Main Profile and compared with the Advanced Simple Profile.

关键词： MPEG-4 Visual Global motion estimation Background modeling Object segmentation sprite coding

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Minimizing MPEG-4 sprite coding-cost using multi-sprites

Minimizing MPEG-4 sprite coding-cost using multi-sprites

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2004

作者： Farin, D de With, PHN Effelsberg, W Univ Mannheim Dept Comp Sci 4 Mannheim Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819452114

Object-oriented coding in the MPEG-4 standard enables the separate processing of foreground objects and the scene background (sprite). Since the background sprite only has to be sent once, transmission bandwidth can be saved. This paper shows that the concept of merging several views of a non-changing scene background into a sina-le back-round sprite is usually not the most efficient way to transmit the back-round image. We have found that the counter-intuitive approach of splitting the background into several independent parts can reduce the overall amount of data. For this reason, we propose an algorithm that provides an optimal partitioning of a video sequence into independent background sprites (a multi-sprite), resulting in a significant reduction of the involved coding cost. Additionally. our algorithm results in background sprites with better quality by ensuring that the sprite resolution has at least the final display resolution throughout the sequence. Even though our sprite generation algorithm creates multiple sprites instead of a single background sprite, it is fully compatible with the existing MPEG-4 standard. The algorithm has been evaluated with several test-sequences, including the well-known Table-tennis and Stefan sequences. The total coding cost could be reduced by factors of about 2.7 or even higher.

关键词： MPEG-4 video coding sprite coding image mosaicing

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RATE-DISTORTION OPTIMIZATION FOR AUTOMATIC sprite VIDEO coding USING H.264/AVC

RATE-DISTORTION OPTIMIZATION FOR AUTOMATIC SPRITE VIDEO CODI...

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16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Krutz, Andreas Glantz, Alexander Frater, Michael Sikora, Thomas TU Berlin Commun Syst Grp Berlin Germany Univ New S Wales Sch IT & EE Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424456536

sprite-based video coding offers higher compression efficiency than conventional block-based hybrid video coders. In sprite coding a sequence is divided into a model of its background, i.e. a so-called background sprite image, and a foreground object sequence. These are then encoded and transmitted to the receiver. At the decoder the output video sequence is synthesized using content previously transmitted. The background information of the video sequence is, other than the foreground object sequence, encoded indirectly, meaning for a sequence with N frames one single image is encoded and not N background frames. The background for a single frame is reconstructed by coordinate transformation at the decoder. An important issue to address here is an appropriate rate-distortion technique for optimization of the sprite-based coding approach, since foreground and background are encoded independently. In this paper, the Lagrangian cost function is considered for rate-constrained encoder control. Experimental evaluation shows the correct use of the optimization method and the gain in terms of rate-distortion performance compared to H.264/AVC.

关键词： Video coding Rate-Distortion Theory sprite coding H.264/AVC

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A layered video object coding system using sprite and affine motion model

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 1997年第1期7卷 130-145页

作者： Lee, MC Chen, WG Lin, CLB Gu, C Markoc, T Zabinsky, SI Szeliski, R Microsoft Corporation Redmond WA USA

A layered video object coding system is presented in this paper. The goal is to improve video coding efficiency by exploiting the layering of video and to support content-based functionality. These two objectives are accomplished using a sprite technique and an affine motion model on a per-object basis. Several novel algorithms have been developed far mask professing and coding, trajectory coding, sprite accretion and coding, locally affine motion compensation, error signal suppression, and image padding, Compared with conventional frame-based coding methods, better experimental results on both hybrid and natural scenes have been obtained using our coding scheme. We also demonstrate content-based functionality which can be easily achieved in our system.

关键词： affine motion model image padding layered video object coding MPEG-4 scalability shape coding sprite coding

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Rate-Distortion Optimized Video coding Using Automatic sprites

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2011年第7期5卷 1309-1321页

作者： Krutz, Andreas Glantz, Alexander Frater, Michael Sikora, Thomas Tech Univ Berlin Commun Syst Grp D-10587 Berlin Germany Univ New S Wales Sch Engn & IT Canberra ACT 2600 Australia

Object-based video coding has been of interest for many years. Recent work by the authors has shown that a video coding system using background sprites with automatic segmentation and background subtraction can indeed perform better than the H.264/AVC coder. In this paper, we extend this work by developing a rate-distortion optimization approach for an object-based coder. A key issue addressed by this approach is the joint choice of quantization parameters for the foreground and background. The performance of the resulting rate-distortion-optimized coder is far superior to that of H.264/AVC for source material with dominant global motion, across a range of bit rates.

关键词： H.264/AVC rate-distortion sprite coding video coding

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Enabling arbitrary rotational camera motion using multisprites with minimum coding cost

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2006年第4期16卷 492-506页

作者： Farin, D de With, PHN Eindhoven Univ Technol NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands

Object-oriented coding in the MPEG-4 standard enables the separate processing of foreground objects and the scene background (sprite). Since the background sprite only has to be sent once, transmission bandwidth can be saved. We have found that the counter-intuitive approach of splitting the background into several independent parts can reduce the overall amount of data. Furthermore, we show that in the general case, the synthesis of a single background sprite is even impossible and that the scene background must be sent as multiple sprites instead. For this reason, we propose an algorithm that provides an optimal partitioning of a video sequence into independent background sprites (a multisprite), resulting in a significant reduction of the involved coding cost. Additionally, our sprite-generation algorithm ensures that the sprite resolution is kept high enough to preserve all details of the input sequence, which is a problem especially during camera zoom-in operations. Even though our sprite generation algorithm creates multiple sprites instead of only a single background sprite, it is fully compatible with the existing MPEG-4 standard. The algorithm has been evaluated with several test sequences, including the well-known Table-tennis and Stefan sequences. The total coding cost for the sprite VOP is reduced by a factor of about 2.6 or even higher, depending on the sequence.

关键词： image segmentation motion analysis motion compensation sprite coding video coding video signal processing

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Low bit-rate object-based multi-view video coding using MVC

Low bit-rate object-based multi-view video coding using MVC

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1st International Conference on 3DTV

作者： Krutz, Andreas Droese, Michael Kunter, Matthias Mandal, Mrinal Frater, Michael Sikora, Thomas TU Berlin Commun Syst Grp Berlin Germany Univ Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Univ New South Wales Canberra ACT Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424407217

Work is currently underway to develop a new multi-view video coding (MVC) standard, based on the recent H.264/AVC standard. Recent work has shown, however, that object-based video coding can provide higher performance than H.264, especially at low bit rates and in sequences containing rotating camera motion and moving objects in the foreground. In this paper, we propose an object-based extension to MVC, in which sequences are segmented into foreground and background objects, with each object coded using H.264/AVC for single-view sequences and MVC for multi-view sequences. Experimental results show that the object-based approach significantly outperforms the basic MVC at low bit rates.

关键词： object-based video coding sprite coding multiview video H.264/AVC

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High visual quality sprite generator using automatic segmentation and intelligent blending

High visual quality sprite generator using automatic segment...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2005

作者： Kuo, IS Chen, LH Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci Hsinchu 30050 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0819459763

This paper presents a sprite generator using automatic segmentation and intelligent blending. Unlike the sprite generator introduced in MPEG-4, which requires manually segmentation masks provided by user, the proposed sprite generator segments a video frame automatically into the background and moving objects called masks first. The segmentation masks increase the fidelity of the generated sprite. The automatically segmented masks are then used to generate sprite. The experimental result shows that the generated sprite using the automatically segmented masks close to the generated sprite using manually segmented masks. An intelligent blending method is also proposed to remove ghostlike shadows in the generated sprite caused by imperfect segmentation. The intelligent blending removes the shadows effectively without PSNR degradation, and the fidelity of the generated sprite is raised.

关键词： sprite generation sprite coding background mosaic global motion estimation MPEG-4

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