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Designing time-of-use program based on stochastic security constrained unit commitment considering reliability index

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ENERGY 2012年第1期41卷 541-548页

作者： Nikzad, Mehdi Mozafari, Babak Bashirvand, Mandi Solaymani, Soodabeh Ranjbar, Ali Mohamad Islamic Azad Univ Sci & Res Branch Dept Elect Engn Tehran Iran Sharif Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Tehran Iran

Recently in electricity markets, a massive focus has been made on setting up opportunities for participating demand side. Such opportunities, also known as demand response (DR) options, are triggered by either a grid reliability problem or high electricity prices. Two important challenges that market operators are facing are appropriate designing and reasonable pricing of DR options. In this paper, time-of-use program (TOU) as a prevalent time-varying program is modeled linearly based on own and cross elasticity definition. In order to decide on IOU rates, a stochastic model is proposed in which the optimum IOU rates are determined based on grid reliability index set by the operator. Expected Load Not Supplied (ELNS) is used to evaluate reliability of the power system in each hour. The proposed stochastic model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (SMILP) problem and solved using CPLEX solver. The validity of the method is tested over the IEEE 24-bus test system. In this regard, the impact of the proposed pricing method on system load profile: operational costs and required capacity of up- and down-spinning reserve as well as improvement of load factor is demonstrated. Also the sensitivity of the results to elasticity coefficients is investigated. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Demand response Expected load not supplied index Mixed-integer linear programming stochastic security constrained unit commitment Time-of-use rates

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A Solution to the Chance-constrained Two-Stage stochastic Program for unit commitment With Wind Energy Integration

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 2016年第6期31卷 4185-4196页

作者： Wu, Zhi Zeng, Pingliang Zhang, Xiao-Ping Zhou, Qinyong Univ Birmingham Sch Elect Elect & Syst Engn Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England China Elect Power Res Inst Beijing 100192 Peoples R China

This paper presents a unit commitment problem with uncertain loads and wind power. A chance-constrained two-stage stochastic program programming formulation is proposed for the stochastic day-ahead scheduling. The loss of load probability (LOLP) and the probability of wind power utilization less than certain level, referred to as loss of wind probability (LOWP), and transmission line overloading probability (TLOP) are modeled as chance constraints, to provide high reliability of power supply and to ensure the high utilization of wind generation. The chance-constrained stochastic programming formulation is converted into an equivalent deterministic formulation by a sequence of approximations and verification. Correlations between loads at different buses and correlations between wind power at different buses are also considered by the proposed approach. Numerical tests are performed on a six-bus system and a modified IEEE 118-bus system. Results validate the viability of the proposed algorithm formulation for the day-ahead stochastic scheduling. The impact of different levels of LOLP and LOWP on the required up/down spinning reserves are also presented in this paper.

关键词： Chance-constrained optimization correlation stochastic security constrained unit commitment wind power

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A Chance-constrained unit commitment With an n-K security Criterion and Significant Wind Generation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 2013年第3期28卷 2842-2851页

作者： Pozo, David Contreras, Javier Univ Castilla La Mancha Escuela Tecn Super Ingenieros Ind E-13071 Ciudad Real Spain

This paper presents a new approach for the joint energy and reserves scheduling and unit commitment with n - K reliability constraints for the day-ahead market. The proposed method includes a novel n - K criterion where demand must be met with a specified probability under any simultaneous loss of K generating units. A chance-constrained method is proposed with an alpha-quantile measure to determine the confidence level to meet the demand under K simultaneous contingencies. The chance-constrained optimization problem is recast as a mixed integer linear programming optimization problem. Wind and demand uncertainty are included into the model. The methodology proposed is illustrated with several case studies where the effect of increasing wind power penetration is analyzed showing the performance of our model.

关键词： Chance-constrained programming conditional value at risk stochastic security constrained unit commitment

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stochastic scheduling of compressed air energy storage in DC SCUC framework for high wind penetration

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2019年第13期13卷 2747-2760页

作者： Gupta, Pranda Prasanta Jain, Prerna Sharma, Kailash Chand Bhakar, Rohit Malaviya Natl Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Jaipur Rajasthan India Banasthali Vidyapith Sch Automat Vanasthali Rajasthan India

High intermittent wind generation necessitates integration of bulk energy storage systems (ESSs) for maintaining security and reliability in power system operation. Considering this, stochastic security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) including compressed air energy storage (CAES) as bulk ESS for high wind penetration and with wind uncertainty modelling is addressed. Network constraints for pre- and post-line contingency are modelled using DC power flow. Injection sensitivity factors (ISFs) are conventionally used in power flow equations which, however, make N - 1 network security constrained formulation huge and computationally demanding for the proposed stochastic model. Therefore, this study proposes a line outage distribution factor (LODF) to reduce the number of coefficients of post contingency DC power flow equations. This is a compact formulation with the lower computational requirement. Wind uncertainty is modelled as probable scenarios. The proposed SCUC is a complex mixed integer linear programming problem and solved using Benders decomposition technique for IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus system. Simulation results to analyse the impact of CAES, wind uncertainty and line contingency with ISF and LODF on overall operation costs, CAES scheduling, wind curtailment, locational marginal price and computational time. Results show that the proposed model is computationally efficient for system operation under high wind penetration.

关键词： power generation scheduling power system security power generation dispatch load flow compressed air energy storage stochastic processes linear programming integer programming wind power plants power system reliability high intermittent wind generation bulk energy storage systems power system operation stochastic security constrained unit commitment compressed air energy storage wind uncertainty modelling post-line contingency line outage distribution factor wind curtailment stochastic scheduling DC SCUC framework wind penetration DC power flow equations IEEE 118-bus system N-1 network security constrained formulation injection sensitivity factors ISF LODF mixed integer linear programming problem CAES scheduling Benders decomposition technique IEEE 30-bus system

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Flexible power system operation accommodating uncertain wind power generation using transmission topology control: an improved linearised AC SCUC model

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2017年第1期11卷 142-153页

作者： Nikoobakht, Ahmad Mardaneh, Mohammad Aghaei, Jamshid Guerrero-Mestre, Victoria Contreras, Javier Shiraz Univ Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Shiraz Iran Univ Castilla La Mancha ETS Ingenieros Ind E-13071 Ciudad Real Spain

stochastic security constrained unit commitment (SSCUC) based on a DC model could be problematic in AC networks because the DC model is potentially inaccurate. However, solving SSCUC problems using an AC model is still very challenging. Accordingly, an improved linearised AC optimal power flow (ILACOPF) model is provided in order to optimise the SSCUC problem. The proposed SSCUC model includes a linear representation of network losses and reactive power and bus voltage magnitudes. Moreover, in this study, transmission switching (TS), a powerful tool for grid side flexibility, is introduced and utilised to facilitate the mitigation of the uncertainty of wind power generation. Nevertheless, solving the SSCUC problem with TS in a full AC network is still one of the challenges in practical implementation, which is facilitated by the proposed ILACOPF model. Additionally, the aim of this study is to develop a more accurate power flow model to obtain a more realistic SSCUC solution using TS. The proposed ILAC-SSCUC model using TS is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programme, being solved by the proposed effective solution approach based on Benders' decomposition. Numerical simulations on a 6-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems have been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the method.

关键词： wind power plants power transmission control load flow control optimal control flexible power system operation uncertain wind power generation transmission topology control linearised AC SCUC model stochastic security constrained unit commitment SSCUC AC networks AC model improved linearised AC optimal power flow ILACOPF network losses reactive power bus voltage magnitudes transmission switching TS grid side flexibility ILACOPF model mixed-integer linear programme Benders decomposition

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Multiple Period Ramping Processes in Day-Ahead Electricity Markets

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2016年第4期7卷 1634-1645页

作者： Khodayar, Mohammad E. Manshadi, Saeed D. Wu, Hongyu Lin, Jeremy Southern Methodist Univ Dept Elect Engn Dallas TX 75205 USA Kansas State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Manhattan KS 66502 USA PJM Interconnect Audubon PA 19403 USA

This paper proposes an approach to formulate the multiple-period ramping capability of dispatchable generation resources and evaluates the impact of this service on the generation scheduling in day-ahead electricity market. It is discussed that the multiple-period ramping enhances the load following capability of dispatchable generation resources and improves the dispatchability of renewable energy resources in power systems. The presented approach encompasses the uncertainties in the operation scheduling of power systems, using scenario based stochastic security-constrained unit commitment. The presented case studies also highlight the merits of integrating energy storage facilities to reduce the ramping services provided by dispatchable generation resources with respective costs.

关键词： Day-ahead market energy storage load following stochastic security constrained unit commitment

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Integration of High Reliability Distribution System in Microgrid Operation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID 2012年第4期3卷 1997-2006页

作者： Khodayar, Mohammad E. Barati, Masoud Shahidehpour, Mohammad IIT Dept Elect & Comp Engn Chicago IL 60616 USA

In this paper, the application of high reliability distribution system (HRDS) in the economic operation of a microgrid is studied. HRDS, which offers higher operation reliability and fewer outages in microgrids, is applied to looped networks in distribution systems. The microgrid model in this study is composed of distributed energy resources (DER) including distributed generation (DG), controllable loads, and storage. The microgrid would utilize the local DER as well as the main grid for supplying its hourly load economically which is subject to power quality and reliability requirements. The HRDS implemented at Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) is used as a case study along with the local DER to increase the load point reliability and decrease the operation cost of the IIT microgrid. The availability of distribution lines, main grid supply, and microgrid generation is considered using the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation in the microgrid scenarios. The reliability indices based on frequency and duration of outages are measured at the microgrid level and the load point level, and the potential system enhancements are discussed for improving the economic operation of the IIT microgrid.

关键词： High reliability distribution system microgrid economics stochastic security constrained unit commitment storage

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Electric Vehicles in Volatile Power System Operations

Electric Vehicles in Volatile Power System Operations

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General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES)

作者： Shahidehpour, Mohammad IIT Elect & Comp Engn Dept Chicago IL 60616 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710018

In this paper, the optimal hourly integration of EV fleets with the stochastic operation of wind energy is presented. The stochastic security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is proposed to procure an hourly commitment and dispatch schedule for security-constrained power generation facilities (including thermal, hydro, wind, and EV fleets) that would minimize the operation cost of power systems while satisfying the required EV charging and utilization requirements.

关键词： EV Educational institutions Electric vehicles Medical services Mobile communication Power systems SCUC Wind energy Wind power generation dispatch schedule electric vehicles electric vehicles power generation dispatch power generation reliability power system security security-constrained power generation facility stochastic operation stochastic security constrained unit commitment volatile power system operations wind energy wind power plants

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stochastic scheduling of battery energy storage system for large-scale wind power penetration

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE 2019年第18期2019卷 5028-5032页

作者： Gupta, Pranda Prasanta Jain, Prerna Sharma, Suman Sharma, Kailash Chand Bhakar, Rohit Malaviya Natl Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Jaipur Rajasthan India

High penetrations of wind generation have intermittency and volatility issues in deregulated power system. With increasing penetration of wind power, independent system operator (ISO) faces an enormous challenge in secure operation with intermittency and uncertainty of renewable energy resources. To handle these issues, battery energy storage system (BESS) is a probable solution for enhancing the wind penetration in the electric grid. In this regard, this article proposes a stochastic security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) with BESS considering wind uncertainty. The proposed approach is formulated and solved by Benders decomposition (BD) method which reduces computational time. The goal is to detect the optimal amount of SCUC, locational marginal price (LMP), wind curtailment, and line contingency by performing DC optimal power flow (DCOPF). Numerical case studies are investigated in detail using IEEE Reliability test system (RTS) 24-bus network and simulation results are found to be inspiring.

关键词： pricing power generation economics power system security wind power plants probability power generation scheduling load flow power generation dispatch power markets battery storage plants stochastic processes power grids wind uncertainty wind curtailment DC optimal power flow stochastic scheduling battery energy storage system large-scale wind power penetration wind generation deregulated power system independent system operator renewable energy resources BESS wind penetration stochastic security constrained unit commitment electric grid SCUC Benders decomposition method BD method locational marginal price LMP line contingency DCOPF IEEE reliability test system 24-bus network

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