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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A 2009年第6期24卷 1069-1086页

作者： Diaconu, Cristinel Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron D-22607 Hamburg Germany Ctr Phys Particules Marseille F-13288 Marseille France

Recent progress in the understanding of the nucleon is presented. The unpolarized structure functions are obtained with unprecedented precision from the combined H1 and ZEUS data and are used to extract proton parton distribution functions via NLO QCD fits. The obtained parametrization displays an improved precision, in particular at low Bjorken x, and leads to precise predictions of cross-sections for LHC phenomena. Recent data from proton-antiproton collisions at Tevatron indicate further precise constraints at large Bjorken x. The flavor content of the proton is further studied using final states with charm and beauty in DIS ep and pp collisions. Data from polarized DIS or proton-proton collisions are used to test the spin structure of the proton and to constrain the polarized parton distributions.

关键词： structure functions DIS PDF spin

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structure functions

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第9期38卷 296-310页

作者： K.A.Olive K.Agashe C.Amsler M.Antonelli J.-F.Arguin D.M.Asner H.Baer H.R.Band R.M.Barnett T.Basaglia C.W.Bauer J.J.Beatty V.I.Belousov J.Beringer G.Bernardi S.Bethke H.Bichsel O.Biebe E.Blucher S.Blusk G.Brooijmans O.Buchmueller V.Burkert M.A.Bychkov R.N.Cahn M.Carena A.Ceccucci A.Cerr D.Chakraborty M.-C.Chen R.S.Chivukula K.Copic G.Cowan O.Dahl G.D'Ambrosio T.Damour D.de Florian A.de Gouvea T.DeGrand P.de Jong G.Dissertor B.A.Dobrescu M.Doser M.Drees H.K.Dreiner D.A.Edwards S.Eidelman J.Erler V.V.Ezhela W.Fetscher B.D.Fields B.Foster A.Freitas T.K.Gaisser H.Gallagher L.Garren H.-J.Gerber G.Gerbier T.Gershon T.Gherghetta S.Golwala M.Goodman C.Grab A.V.Gritsan C.Grojean D.E.Groom M.Grnewald A.Gurtu T.Gutsche H.E.Haber K.Hagiwara C.Hanhart S.Hashimoto Y.Hayato K.G.Hayes M.Heffner B.Heltsley J.J.Hernandez-Rey K.Hikasa A.Hocker J.Holder A.Holtkamp J.Huston J.D.Jackson K.F.Johnson T.Junk M.Kado D.Karlen U.F.Katz S.R.Klein E.Klempt R.V.Kowalewski F.Krauss M.Kreps B.Krusche Yu.V.Kuyanov Y.Kwon O.Lahav J.Laiho P.Langacker A.Liddle Z.Ligeti C.-J.Lin T.M.Liss L.Littenberg K.S.Lugovsky S.B.Lugovsky F.Maltoni T.Mannel A.V.Manohar W.J.Marciano A.D.Martin A.Masoni J.Matthews D.Milstead P.Molaro K.Monig F.Moortgat M.J.Mortonson H.Murayama K.Nakamura M.Narain P.Nason S.Navas M.Neubert P.Nevski Y.Nir L.Pape J.Parsons C.Patrignani J.A.Peacock M.Pennington S.T.Petcov Kavli IPMU A.Piepke A.Pomarol A.Quadt S.Raby J.Rademacker G.Raffel B.N.Ratcliff P.Richardson A.Ringwald S.Roesler S.Rolli A.Romaniouk L.J.Rosenberg J L.Rosner G.Rybka C.T.Sachrajda Y.Sakai G.P.Salam S.Sarkar F.Sauli O.Schneider K.Scholberg D.Scott V.Sharma S.R.Sharpe M.Silari T.Sjostrand P.Skands J.G.Smith G.F.Smoot S.Spanier H.Spieler C.Spiering A.Stahl T.Stanev S.L.Stone T.Sumiyoshi M.J.Syphers F.Takahashi M.Tanabashi J.Terning L.Tiator M.Titov N.P.Tkachenko N.A.Tornqvist D.Tovey G.Valencia G.Venanzoni M.G.Vincter P.Vogel A.Vogt S.P.Wakely W.Walkowiak C.W.Walter D.R.Ward G.Weiglein D.H.Weinberg E.J.Weinberg M.White L.R.Wiencke C.G.Wohl L.Wolfenstein J.Womersley C.L. University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy116 Church St.S.E.MinneapolisMN 55455USA University of Maryland Department of PhysicsCollege ParkMD 20742-4111USA Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics Universitat BernCH-3012 BernSwitzerland Lab.Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN CP 13via E.Fermi40I-00044 Frascati(Roma)Italy Departement de physique Universite de MontrealC.P.6128succ.centre-villeMontreal(Quebec) H3C 3J7Canada Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle BoulevardRichlandWA 99352USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Department of Physics University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA CERN European Organization for Nuclear ResearchCH-1211 Geneve 23Switzerland Department of Physics The Ohio State University191 W.Woodruff Ave.ColumbusOH 43210 COMPAS Group Institute for High Energy PhysicsRU- 142284ProtvinoRussia LPNHE IN2P3-CNRS et Universites de Paris 6 et 7F-75252 ParisFrance Max-Planck-Institute of Physics 80805 MunichGermany Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Fakultdt für PhysikSchellingstr.4D-80799 MünchenGermany Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637-1433USA Department of Physics Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Department of Physics Columbia University538 W.120th StreetNew YorkNY10027 USA High Energy Physics Group Blackett LaboratoryImperial CollegePrince Consort RoadLondon SW7 2AZUK Jefferson Lab 12000 Jefferson Ave.Newport NewsVA 23606USA Department of Physics University of VirginiaPO Box 400714CharlottesvilleVA 22904USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P.O.Box 500BataviaIL 60510USA Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637-1433USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SussexFalmerBrighton BN1 9QHUK Department o

Updated September 2013 by B. Foster （University of Hamhurg/DESY）, A.D. Martin （University of Durham）, and M.G. Vincter （Carleton University）.

关键词： QCD structure functions 口口

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Scale-by-scale budget of turbulence kinetic energy in the convective atmospheric boundary layer: Analysis of structure functions

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QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2025年第767期151卷

作者： Nowak, Jakub L. Waclawczyk, Marta Vassilicos, John. C. Krol, Stanislaw Malinowski, Szymon P. Univ Warsaw Inst Geophys Fac Phys PL-02093 Warsaw Poland Univ Lille CNRS Lab Mecan Fluides Lille ONERAArts & Metiers Inst Technol Lille France

We investigate the scale-by-scale budget of turbulence kinetic energy in convective atmospheric boundary layers using airborne measurements performed in the shallow trade-wind regime over the ocean by the ATR 42 aircraft during the Elucidating the Role of Cloud-Circulation Coupling in Climate (EUREC4A) measurement campaign. The simple and repeatable flight pattern sampled four altitude levels: near-surface, the middle and top of the subcloud layer, and the cloud base. This approach provides acceptable statistical convergence, including mixed velocity-temperature and third-order velocity structure functions. The scale-by-scale budget obtained from the data is approximately closed up to length-scales of about 200 m at all four levels. At the near-surface and mid-subcloud levels, the buoyancy forcing supplies energy to the largest scales and becomes negligible at smaller scales. As a result, Kolmogorov equilibrium is observed over a wide range of scales, from a few to about 100 m. On the other hand, at the top-subcloud and cloud-base levels, the budget at scales above 10 m is far from Kolmogorov equilibrium, with a significant contribution of buoyancy forcing and turbulent transport. The contribution to the buoyancy forcing related to humidity variations is substantial and strictly positive at all four levels, even at the cloud base, where it balances the negative contribution related to temperature only.

关键词： airborne measurements atmospheric boundary layer cumulus clouds field campaigns shallow convection structure functions turbulence turbulence energy cascade

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structure functions of turbulence through a degraded channel bed

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS B-FLUIDS 2023年 98卷 292-318页

作者： Sarkar, Mosedul Sarkar, Sankar Indian Stat Inst Phys & Appl Math Unit Kolkata 700108 West Bengal India

This investigation deals with the turbulence characteristics for flow through degraded channel beds consisting of uniform and bimodal sediment particles. Three-dimensional velocity was measured throughout the depth at three different streamwise locations over a degraded bed. The velocity data were then processed to observe the spatial distributions of the longitudinal and vertical velocity components in vector form, turbulence indicator and length scales at different locations. The main intent of the present study was to observe the effect of bed degradation on the intermittency and anisotropy in higher order scaling exponents using the structure functions methodology. The extended self-similarity (ESS) technique was employed to estimate the scaling exponents from higher order structure functions of streamwise velocity component. The results show that below the bed-level (level of the bed surface measured before the degradation started), the scaling exponents deviate more from the theoretical values than that above the bed-level indicating higher intermittency of scaling exponents in the vicinity of the bed. Furthermore, data were analyzed to observe the scaling exponents from higher order mixed structure functions. To this end, the SO(3) symmetry decomposition was utilized to differentiate the isotropic and anisotropic parts of the scaling exponents. The anisotropic scaling exponents obtained from higher order mixed structure functions possess higher values than that of isotropic part. The experimental findings also specify that as one moves close to the degraded bed, the scaling exponents obtained from the higher order mixed structure functions deviate more significantly. However, according to the present experimental results, no significant differences were observed in the values of the scaling exponents and intermittency when they were compared between uniform and bimodal sedimentary beds. It is expected that the results of the present study will essentially lea

关键词： Flow characteristics Turbulent flow Degraded bed structure functions Mixed structure functions Intermittency Anisotropy

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structure functions in a wall-turbulent shear flow

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BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY 2002年第3期103卷 337-359页

作者： Giostra, U Cava, D Schipa, S Univ Urbino Dept Environm Sci I-61029 Urbino Italy CNR ISIAtA Lecce Italy

Wavelet and quadrant analyses were applied to turbulent velocity data in order to investigate the transition from the anisotropy of energy-containing eddies to the isotropy of the inertial subrange scales. The quadrant analysis of the wavelet coefficients of longitudinal and vertical velocity components allows the evaluation of the velocity structure functions and the momentum cospectrum as a function of the separation distance and of the quadrants. In an isotropic condition the contribution both of ejections and sweeps (even quadrants), and both of reflections and deflections (odd quadrants), has to be equal. The analysis has shown that in neutrally stratified conditions the transition to isotropy occurs in a frequency range (0.2 < r/z < 3) usually referred to as internal to the inertial subrange (r is separation distance, z is height). In the transition region, as in the isotropic region, the velocity structure functions still agree with the 1941 and 1962 Kolmogorov theories;but on the other hand the structure functions of the even and odd quadrants are fitted by power laws of different slopes in the transition region. The proposed analysis allows the investigation within the transition region of the different dynamical structure in the energy transfer from the energy-containing scales to the isotropic scales.

关键词： inertial subrange local isotropy quadrant analysis structure functions wall turbulence wavelet analysis

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structure functions with fuzzy states

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FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS 1996年第2期83卷 189-202页

作者： Cutello, V Montero, J Yanez, J UNIV COMPLUTENSE DEPT STAT & ORE-28040 MADRIDSPAIN UNIV CATANIA DEPT MATHCATANIAITALY

Systems are modeled in Reliability Theory by means of structure functions, which show how the system state of performance depends on the state of all its components. In this paper we consider that the space of states allowed for both the system and its components is an appropriate family of fuzzy numbers. Basic concepts in classical crisp binary and multistate models in Reliability Theory are in this way generalized. Some particular consequences relative to component importance are also analyzed.

关键词： reliability theory structure functions fuzzy numbers

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structure functions of Wind Velocity Components over an Inhomogeneous Underlying Surface

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ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC OPTICS 2015年第3期28卷 273-281页

作者： Gladkikh, V. A. Nevzorova, I. V. Odintsov, S. L. Fedorov, V. A. Russian Acad Sci VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt Siberian Branch Pl Akad Zueva 1 Tomsk 634055 Russia

Results of analyzing structure functions of wind velocity components in the surface layer of the atmosphere over an inhomogeneous underlying surface are considered. Based on processing experimental data, three main types of structure functions are distinguished and analytical models for their approximation are proposed in the range of shifts related to the inertial turbulence interval. The repeatability of the distinguished types of structure functions is estimated for different observation points and the statistics of approximating functions' parameters is considered.

关键词： atmosphere wind surface layer structure functions

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Nuclear Effects in structure functions xF3(x, Q2) from Charge Current Neutrino Deep Inelastic Scattering

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中国物理快报（英文版） 2006年第12期23卷 3211-3214页

作者： DUAN Chun-Gui SHEN Peng-Nian LI Guang-Lie Department of Physics Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050016 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 CCAST (World Laboratory) PO Box 8730 Beijing 100080 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 CCAST (World Laboratory) PO Box 8730 Beijing 100080 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 CCAST (World Laboratory) PO Box 8730 Beijing 100080 Department of Physics Nanjing Xiaozhuang University Nanjing210017

By taking advantage of the model-independent nuclear parton distributions, the structure functions xF3(x, Q2)are calculated, in comparison with the experimental data from CCFR neutrino-nuclei charge current deep inelastic scattering. It is shown that shadowing and anti-shadowing effects occur in valence quark distributions for small and medium x regions, respectively. It is suggested that the neutrino experimental data should be employed in the future for pinning down the nuclear parton distributions.

关键词： Nuclear Effects structure functions

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structure functions of ruled surfaces with null rulings 18th

Structure functions of ruled surfaces with null rulings

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18th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics, ICGG 2018

作者： Primorac Gajčić, Ljiljana Protrka, Ivana Milin Šipuš, Željka University of Osijek Osijek31000 Croatia University of Zagreb Zagreb10000 Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319955872

In this paper we analyse ruled surfaces in Lorentz-Minkowski space in terms of their structure functions. We are especially interested in ruled surfaces which do not have a Euclidean counterpart, that is, surfaces with null rulings, and in particular, so-called B-scrolls. For ruled surfaces in Lorentz-Minkowski space, we establish relations between their structure functions and curvatures. structure functions can be used for e.g. proving the classical Dini-Beltrami theorem which states (in Euclidean space) that a ruled skew Weingarten surface is a piece of a helicoidal surface. In Lorentz-Minkowski space, the problem is more complex, due to the different types of surfaces with respect to their inherited metrics. It turns out that all null-ruled surfaces are Weingarten, however their structure functions need not be constant. In this paper we analyse helicoidal surfaces among Weingarten null-ruled surfaces in terms of their structure functions. © 2019, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： B-scroll Minkowski space Null-ruled surfaces structure functions

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Small-scale vorticity filaments and structure functions of the developed turbulence

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PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA 2012年第3期241卷 269-275页

作者： Zybin, Kirill Sirota, Valeria Ilyin, Anton PN Lebedev Phys Inst Dept Theoret Moscow 117924 Russia

We develop a theory of turbulence based on the Navier-Stokes equation, without using dimensional or phenomenological considerations. A small scale vortex filament is the main element of the theory. The theory allows to obtain the scaling law and to calculate the scaling exponents of Lagrangian and Eulerian velocity structure functions in the inertial range. The obtained results are shown to be in very good agreement with numerical simulations and experimental data. The introduction of stochasticity into the equations and derivation of scaling exponents are discussed in details. A weak dependence on statistical propositions is demonstrated. The relation of the theory to the multifractal model is discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vorticity Filaments structure functions

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