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subarray partition Algorithms for RIS-Aided MIMO Communications

IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2022年第17期9卷 16196-16208页

作者： Dai, Hui Shen, Wenqian Ding, Li Gong, Shiqi An, Jianping Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Sch Cyberspace Sci & Technol Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

In order to reduce computational complexity and hardware cost for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, in this article, the subarray partition algorithm designs at RIS are investigated. Without instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the RIS-related links, the subarray partition algorithms aim at minimizing the number of subarrays while keeping a minimum sum rate requirement. In nature, the subarray partition optimization problem is a combinatorial optimization and NP-hard because of many discrete optimization variables. Three kinds of subarray partition algorithms are proposed. The first one is named as a fixed pattern subarray partition algorithm, in which subarray is arranged in a predefined manner. This algorithm is easy to implement but its performance is far from optimal. To reap the benefits of RIS as much as possible, two dynamic pattern subarray partition algorithms are given as well. The first dynamic pattern algorithm is the greedy dynamic pattern subarray partition algorithm that is more complicated than the fixed pattern one but benefits much better performance. To reduce complexity, the relaxation-based dynamic pattern algorithm is given, which has almost the same performance as the greedy dynamic algorithm but has a much lower complexity. At the end of the whole work, numerical results are given to access the performance of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： partitioning algorithms Heuristic algorithms Optimization MIMO communication Complexity theory Channel estimation Phased arrays Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) reflection coefficient optimization reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) subarray partition

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RIS-Assisted MIMO Secure Communication Schemes Based on Fixed and Dynamic subarray partition

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第1期138卷 99-125页

作者： Wang, Suzhen Zhi, Hui Tian, Changlin Wu, Hongcheng Anhui Univ Key Lab Intelligent Comp & Signal Proc Minist Educ Hefei Anhui Peoples R China Anhui Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Hefei Peoples R China

The subarray partition of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can reduce the complexity and hardware cost of the RIS architecture while achieving satisfactory performance, which has great practical significance. However, existing RIS subarray partition methods do not consider the scenario with eavesdropper and are not suitable for such scenario. Therefore, this paper discusses the joint optimization design of subarray partition and reflection coefficients to maximize the system secrecy rate in the multi-antenna eavesdropper scenario. Since this problem is a nonconvex combinatorial optimization problem, we solve it by alternating optimization, and propose RIS-assisted MIMO secure communication schemes based on fixed and dynamic subarray partition respectively. In fixed subarray partition scheme, the closed expressions of the optimal transmit covariance matrix and the optimal reflection coefficients are obtained through theoretical analysis, where the reflection coefficients are optimized by coordinate descent method. The fixed subarray partition scheme is not limited by the subarray structure and the number of subarray units. In dynamic subarray partition scheme, we transform the subarray partition optimization problem into a task assignment problem, and propose an improved discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm to solve it. Simulations and analyses show that compared with the without partition scheme, two proposed schemes can achieve a satisfactory secrecy rate while reducing system complexity and hardware cost. In addition, the dynamic subarray partition scheme has better secrecy rate performance and better stability than fixed subarray partition scheme, but its implementation is more complex.

关键词： Reconfigurable intelligent surface Physical layer security MIMO subarray partition DPSO

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A Multibeam subarray partition Design via Iterative Excitation Amplitude Tournament

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 101949-101958页

作者： Wang, Ke Li, Hailin Ding, Yuan Tan, Jing Dong, Xiao Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Elect & Informat Engn Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China Heriot Watt Univ Sch Engn & Phys Sci Edinburgh EH14 4AS Scotland

The subarray-level multibeam structure is advantageous for minimizing system complexity and enhancing multi-target detection and estimation performance. Furthermore, the subarray configuration plays a major role in determining the multibeam antenna pattern parameters. Therefore, we propose a subarray partition technique based on the tournament algorithm to enable spatial multibeam synthesis. In this paper, subarray configuration and excitation are alternately optimized through multiple rounds of tournament iterations. Each iteration calculates subarray excitations using convex optimization methods to fulfill requirements for the main radiation direction and low sidelobes, among other performance criteria. At the same time, excitations for each unassigned array element are calculated within each subarray separately. Simulation results for linear arrays demonstrate the proposed algorithm is not only suitable for linear arrays but also applicable to other array configurations, such as circular ring arrays and cylindrical arrays. And the proposed algorithm is effective in subarray periodicity, suppressing sidelobe levels, and allocating resources based on priority.

关键词： Antenna arrays antenna pattern synthesis multibeam antennas sidelobe suppression subarray partition

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Improved Algorithm X for subarray partition With Acceleration and Sidelobe Suppression

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IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS 2022年第7期21卷 1403-1407页

作者： Miao, Ke Zhang, Yi Yao, Chen Sun, Houjun Beijing Inst Technol Sch Integrated Circuits & Elect Beijing Key Lab Millimeter Wave & Terahertz Wave Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Sch Phys Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

subarray is widely used in array antennas to decrease the system complexity, which would also increase the sidelobes during scanning. To solve this problem, subarray partition solutions with larger coverage and lower sidelobes are selected from a series of results generated by search algorithms. However, searching for an appropriate result of a large array is time-consuming. In this study, to search subarray solutions of full coverage with less time, we introduce two pruning processes in Algorithm X. Additionally, a pair of coefficients associated with the sidelobes is adopted for further pruning and reducing the sidelobes. Numerical experiments have been carried out and verified the effectiveness and the performance of the proposed method.

关键词： partitioning algorithms Antennas Azimuth Apertures Shape Genetic algorithms Transmission line matrix methods Algorithm X array antenna irregular subarray sidelobe suppression subarray partition

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subarray partition Design of Receiving Antenna for Microwave Power Transmission 11

Subarray Partition Design of Receiving Antenna for Microwave...

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International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT)

作者： Yao, Y. Song, L. W. Liu, Y. L. Xidian Univ Key Lab Elect Equipment Struct Design Minist Educ Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728121680

A subarray partition method of receiving antenna in microwave power transmission (MPT) is presented, that use different size of subarrays to lay out the receiving aperture. The purpose of the method is to homogenize the values of microwave power received from each subarray. Because the conversion efficiency of the rectifier connected to receiving antenna subarray is sensitive to the input microwave power, the method can avoid the loss of the efficiency caused by the input power mismatch between rectifier and receiving antenna subarray. The optimal layout design is achieved based on path search method, by using a specific set of subarray samples. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed method can satisfy the requirement of minimum power dispersion while ensuring there is no much reduction of the total reception efficiency.

关键词： microwave power transmission subarray partition reception efficiency

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Optimization of subarray partition for Large Planar Phased Array Radar Based on Weighted K-Means Clustering Method

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2015年第8期9卷 1460-1468页

作者： Yang, Xiaopeng Xi, Wen Sun, Yuze Zeng, Tao Long, Teng Sarkar, Tapan K. Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Beijing Key Lab Embedded Real Time Informat Proc Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Syracuse Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Syracuse NY 13244 USA

subarray partition is indispensable in large phased array radar system for reducing the manufacturing cost as well as realizing the system potentiality. The optimization of subarray partition for large planar phased array radar according to weighted K-means clustering method is mainly investigated in this paper. Based on the excitation matching technique, the optimization of subarray partition in monopulse application can be reformulated as a clustering of reference gain ratios to minimize the excitation matching error. However, when the element weights are non-uniform for specific intentions such as low sidelobes, the matching error could not be minimized completely by traditional K-means clustering. Therefore, in this paper, a weighted K-means clustering method is proposed to reduce the matching error by modifying the membership rule and cluster center of K-means clustering. The proposed method can provide smaller matching error compared with conventional clustering methods, especially when the elements are weighted non-uniformly. The effectiveness of proposed method is validated by numerical simulations and compared with several classical clustering methods.

关键词： Excitation matching K-means clustering method pattern matching subarray partition

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subarray partition method based on division position coding genetic algorithm

Subarray partition method based on division position coding ...

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IET International Radar Conference 2015

作者： Wen Xi Xiaopeng Yang Yuze Sun Tao Zeng Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-time Information Processing Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

This paper proposed a genetic algorithm based on division position coding to solve the optimization of subarray partition in monopulse application, which aims at finding the best compromise between sum and difference patterns. In the proposed method, the division position is encoded as a chromosome gene, then the initial population is randomly generated by a series of non-repeated integers, and the fitness calculation and genetic operation are subtly designed to improve the convergence and stability. Various numeral simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： division position coding genetic algorithm subarray partition Genetic Algorithm (GA) subarray Genetic Code Difference pattern Division division

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Pattern Synthesis of Large Linear Arrays Using Nonuniformly-Spaced subarrays

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CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2024年第9期43卷 6047-6058页

作者： Chen, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zhi Wang, Cheng Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Yangtze Delta Reg Inst Huzhou Huzhou 313001 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Yangtze Delta Reg Inst Quzhou Quzhou 324000 Zhejiang Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Commun Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China

In this paper, we develop a new algorithm for pattern synthesis of large linear arrays. In our algorithm, the large linear array is divided into multiple disjoint nonuniformly-spaced subarrays and is only weighted at subarray level. Unlike the existing methods, the subarray synthesis is implemented in two stages. Firstly, the optimization of subarray partition and subarray weights are performed by using the K-means approach. Based on the determined subarray partition and subarray weights, the subarray element positions are further optimized by the iterative convex programming method. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed algorithm can synthesize lower peak sidelobe level and yield smaller pattern matching error. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Nonuniformly-spaced subarray Pattern synthesis subarray weight subarray element position subarray partition Convex programming (CP)

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Synthesis of nonuniform linear antenna arrays based on subarray division

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JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS 2025年

作者： Guo, Hua Ren, Chenxin Xiao, Yang Song, Peng Zhang, Lijian Xian Polytech Univ Sch Elect & Informat Xian 710048 Peoples R China

A novel hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed and applied to the subarray partitioning of linear non-uniform antenna arrays. The positions and excitations of the array elements are optimized using Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) and Convex Optimization (CO), respectively. The proposed hybrid optimization algorithm can combine the capability of IWO to solve complex optimization problems and the superior global convergence properties of CO. To further reduce the design complexity and cost, the K-means clustering algorithm is applied to fulfill the subarray partitioning of the antenna array. A newly selection method of the initial cluster centers is introduced. To evaluate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm, radiation patterns are synthesized under both contiguous and non-contiguous subarray partitioning conditions. Compared with relevant optimization approaches, the proposed hybrid optimization algorithm can effectively suppresses the peak sidelobe level (PSLL).

关键词： Nonuniform linear array hybrid algorithm subarray partition peak sidelobe level

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RIS subarray Optimization With Reinforcement Learning for Green Symbiotic Communications in Internet of Things

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2023年第22期10卷 19454-19465页

作者： Zhang, Tiantian Ren, Pinyi Xu, Dongyang Ren, Zhanyi Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 710049 Peoples R China

Symbiotic communications have been deemed as a critical technology for Internet of Things (IoT) communications owing to its high spectrum and energy efficiency. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which can tune wireless transmission channels by manipulating incident waves through the corresponding electromagnetic elements, is a promising enabler of various symbiotic communications scenarios in IoT. However, when the full electromagnetic elements of RIS are activated, system capacity will be improved and energy efficiency will be reduced inevitably, also with undesirable power consumption. To address this issue, an intelligent dynamic subarray RIS framework based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been proposed. The key idea is to divide RIS electromagnetic elements into several groups and optimize power amplifier factor, independent phase shifts to improve the system energy efficiency under the premise of user's basic requirements. In particular, we formulate a hybrid optimization problem of RIS subarray partition and beamforming to maximize system energy efficiency. It can be proved that this hybrid optimization is a mixed nonconvex integer programming problem. To solve this issue, we proposed a comprehensive DRL framework, including two parts, i.e., 1) a Markov decision process (MDP) to model the subarray partition design, amplitude, and phase shifts of RIS and 2) an active RIS subarray optimization scheme based on deep deterministic policy gradient. Numerical results have demonstrated that, compared with the conventional fully-connected RIS, the system energy efficiency can be significantly improved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) energy efficiency parameters optimization reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) subarray partition

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