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Multiple CRC-aided variable successive cancellation list decoder of polar codes

The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2017年第2期24卷 83-88页

作者： Cao Miao Zhao Shuang Zhao Shengmei Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

In order to change the path candidates, reduce the average list size, and make more paths pass cyclic redundancy check （CRC）, multiple CRC-aided variable successive cancellation list （SCL） decoding algorithm is proposed. In the decoding algorithm, the whole unfrozen bits are divided into several parts and each part is concatenated with a corresponding CRC code, except the last part which is concatenated with a whole unfrozen CRC code. Each CRC detection is performed, and only those satisfying each part CRC become the path candidates. A variable list is setup for each part to reduce the time complexity. Variable list size is setup for each part to reduce the time complexity until one survival path in each part can pass its corresponding CRC. The results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the average list size, and the frame error rate （FER） performance, and has a better performance with the increase of the part number.

关键词： polar codes successive cancellation list decoder cyclic redundancy check list path variable list size

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Bit-Flip Algorithm for successive cancellation list decoder of Polar Codes

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IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 58346-58352页

作者： Cheng, Fengyi Liu, Aijun Zhang, Yingxian Ren, Jing PLA Coll Commun Engn Army Engn Univ Nanjing 210007 Jiangsu Peoples R China

A successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder with the assistance of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) can provide competitive decoding performance for polar codes compared with the state-of-the-art codes. In this paper, we adopt a bit-flip algorithm for the CRC-assisted SCL decoder to further improve the error-correcting performance. We first introduce a new bit-flip criterion for the SCL decoder. To support this criterion, we give the metric to identify the positions that need to be flipped. To verify the superiority of the proposed bit-flip criterion, we also consider a kind of SCL-flip decoder whose criterion is very similar with the existing one and we will prove that its performance is worse than the decoder with the proposed bit-flip criterion. The simulation results show that the decoder with the proposed bit-flip criterion outperforms both the standard CRC-assisted SCL decoder and the existing SCL-based bit-flip decoder.

关键词： Polar codes successive cancellation list decoder bit-flip algorithm

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Quantization of CRC-Aided successive cancellation list decoder for Polar Codes 2

Quantization of CRC-Aided Successive Cancellation List Decod...

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2nd International Conference on Robotics and Automation Sciences (ICRAS)

作者： Zheng, Xin Wang, Jiahao Tang, Bo China Univ Geosci Wuhan Sch Mech Engn & Elect Informat Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538673706

In order to implement a low-complexity CRC-aided successive cancellation list decoder for polar codes on digital chips, we study the quantization technologies for the initial log likelihood ratios and the path metric distance of the decoder. In order to reduce the block error rate performance loss using the uniform quantization method, we analyze various optimization techniques such as quantization hits and quantization precision for the initial log likelihood ratios and the path metric distance. We provide quantization simulation for realistic code length N = 2(10) and code rate R = 0.5. Simulation results show that 6 bits quantization on interval [-31, +31] for the initial log likelihood ratios and 8 hits quantization on interval [255, +255] for the path metric distance can not only bring the block error rate performance loss less than 0.1 dB, but also decrease the hardware implementation complexity significantly.

关键词： polar codes quantization CRC-aided successive cancellation list decoder successive cancellation list decoder successive cancellation decoder

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LLR-Based successive cancellation list Decoding of Polar Codes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2015年第19期63卷 5165-5179页

作者： Balatsoukas-Stimming, Alexios Parizi, Mani Bastani Burg, Andreas Swiss Fed Inst Technol EPFL TCL CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol EPFL Informat Theory Lab LTHI CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

We show that successive cancellation list decoding can be formulated exclusively using log-likelihood ratios. In addition to numerical stability, the log-likelihood ratio based formulation has useful properties that simplify the sorting step involved in successive cancellation list decoding. We propose a hardware architecture of the successive cancellation list decoder in the log-likelihood ratio domain which, compared with a log-likelihood domain implementation, requires less irregular and smaller memories. This simplification, together with the gains in the metric sorter, lead to to higher throughput per unit area than other recently proposed architectures. We then evaluate the empirical performance of the CRC-aided successive cancellation list decoder at different list sizes using different CRCs and conclude that it is important to adapt the CRC length to the list size in order to achieve the best error-rate performance of concatenated polar codes. Finally, we synthesize conventional successive cancellation decoders at large block-lengths with the same block-error probability as our proposed CRC-aided successive cancellation list decoders to demonstrate that, while our decoders have slightly lower throughput and larger area, they have a significantly smaller decoding latency.

关键词： CRC-aided successive cancellation list decoder hardware implementation polar codes successive cancellation decoder successive cancellation list decoder

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LLR-BASED successive cancellation list DECODING OF POLAR CODES

LLR-BASED SUCCESSIVE CANCELLATION LIST DECODING OF POLAR COD...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Balatsoukas-Stimming, Alexios Parizi, Mani Bastani Burg, Andreas Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne CH-1015 Ecublens Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928934

We present an LLR-based implementation of the successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder. To this end, we associate each decoding path with a metric which (i) is a monotone function of the path's likelihood and (ii) can be computed efficiently from the channel LLRs. The LLR-based formulation leads to a more efficient hardware implementation of the decoder compared to the known log-likelihood based implementation. Synthesis results for an SCL decoder with block-length of N = 1024 and list sizes of L = 2 and L = 4 confirm that the LLR-based decoder has considerable area and operating frequency advantages in the orders of 50% and 30%, respectively.

关键词： successive cancellation list decoder Polar Codes Hardware Implementation

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DNC-Aided SCL-Flip Decoding of Polar Codes

DNC-Aided SCL-Flip Decoding of Polar Codes

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IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

作者： Tao, Yaoyu Zhang, Zhengya Univ Michigan Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728181042

successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoding of polar codes has been adopted for 5G wireless communications. flowever, the performance of moderate code length is not satisfactory. Heuristic or deep-learning-aided (DL-aided) flip algorithms have been developed to improve the performance by locating error bit positions after SCL decoding. In this work, we propose a new flip algorithm with the help of differentiable neural computer (DNC). New state and action encoding are developed to improve DNC training and inference efficiency. The proposed two-phase method is done by a flip DNC (F-DNC) to rank the most likely flip positions for multi-bit flipping, and if decoding still fails, a flip-validate DNC (FV-DNC) is applied to re-select error bit positions in successive flip decoding trials. Supervised training methods are designed for the two DNCs. Simulation results show that the proposed DNC-aided SCL-Flip (DNC-SCLF) decoding demonstrates up to 034 dB coding gain or 54.2% reduction in the average number of decoding attempts over prior work.

关键词： Polar code deep learning successive cancellation list decoder flip algorithms differentiable neural computer

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High-Throughput Split-Tree Architecture for Nonbinary SCL Polar decoder

High-Throughput Split-Tree Architecture for Nonbinary SCL Po...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Tao, Yaoyu Choi, Cedric Qualcomm Wireless R&D San Jose CA 95110 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665484855

Nonbinary polar codes defined over Galois field GF(q) have shown improved error-correction performance than binary polar codes using successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoding. However, nonbinary operations are complex and a direct-mapped decoder results in a low throughput, representing difficulties for practical adoptions. In this work, we develop, to the best of our knowledge, the first hardware implementation for nonbinary SCL polar decoding. We present a high-throughput decoder architecture using a split-tree algorithm. The sub-trees are decoded in parallel by smaller sub-decoders with a reconciliation stage to maintain constraints between sub-trees. A skimming algorithm is proposed to reduce the reconciliation complexity for further improved throughput. The split-tree nonbinary SCL (S-NBSCL) polar decoder is prototyped using a 28nm CMOS technology for a (128,64) polar code over GF(256). The decoder delivers 26.1 Mb/s throughput, 11.65 Mb/s/mm(2) area efficiency and 28.8 nJ/b energy efficiency, outperforming the direct-mapped decoder by 10.3x, 4.4x and 2.7x, respectively, while achieving excellent error-correction performance.

关键词： Polar code nonbinary successive cancellation list decoder split-tree skimming

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AN FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF successive cancellation list DECODING FOR POLAR CODES

AN FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCCESSIVE CANCELLATION LIST DECOD...

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作者： Altug Sural Bilkent University

学位级别：硕士

Polar Codes are the first asymptotically provably capacity achieving error correc- tion codes under low complexity successive cancellation (SC) decoding for binary discrete memoryless symmetric channels. Although SC is a low complexity algo- rithm, it does not provide as good performance as a maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder, unless sufficiently large code block is used. SC is a soft decision decod- ing algorithm such that it employs depth-first searching method with a divide and conquer approach to find a sufficiently perfect estimate of decision vector. Using SC with a list (SCL) improves the performance of SC decoder such that it provides near ML performance. SCL decoder employs beam search method as a greedy algorithm to achieve ML performance without considering all possible codewords. The ML performance of polar codes is not good enough due to the minimum hamming distance of possible codewords. For the purpose of increas- ing the minimum distance, cyclic redundancy check aided (CRC-SCL) decoding algorithm can be used. This algorithm makes polar codes competitive with state of the art codes by exchanging complexity with performance. In this thesis, we present an FPGA implementation of an adaptive list decoder; consisting of SC, SCL and CRC decoders to meet with the tradeoff between performance and complexity.

关键词： Polar codes successive cancellation list decoder hardware implementation FPGA

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CRC-Aided Parity-Check Polar Coding

引用

IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 155574-155583页

作者： Cheng, Fengyi Liu, Aijun Ren, Jing Feng, Kai Army Engn Univ PLA Nanjing 210007 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Parity-check (PC) polar codes can yield better error-correcting performance compared with the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) aided polar codes under successive cancellation list decoder. However, PC bits are incapable of detecting error as effective as CRC. To overcome this shortage, this paper proposes a scheme of CRC-aided PC polar codes. The proposed scheme can detect error before decoding is completed and outperform the standard CRC-assisted polar codes with better capability of error detecting.

关键词： Decoding Standards Signal to noise ratio Cyclic redundancy check Indexes Polar codes cyclic redundancy check (CRC) successive cancellation list decoder parity-check coding

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Polar Code for 5G Mobile Communication

Polar Code for 5G Mobile Communication

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2017中国电子设计创新大会

作者： Shi Xiaofeng Rohde & Schwarz(China)Technology Co. Ltd.BeijingChina

Polar code is the first constructive technique to provably achieve channel capacity with rich algebra structure and excellent analysis *** from channel polarization and polar coding,this paper summarizes popular polar decoders with performance *** architecture is also investigated for practical implementations in future 5G mobile communication.

关键词： Polar Codes successive cancellation decoder successive cancellation list decoder CRC-Aided successive cancellation list decoder Hardware Implementation

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