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Novel quantum voting protocol for four-particle entangled states based on superdense coding

QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING 2025年第2期24卷 1-17页

作者： Zhang, Hao-Wen Xu, Guang-Bao Jiang, Dong-Huan Shandong Univ Sci & Technol Coll Comp Sci & Engn Qingdao 266590 Shandong Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sci & Technol Coll Math & Syst Sci Qingdao 266590 Shandong Peoples R China

We propose a novel quantum voting protocol that utilizes superdense coding of four-particle entangled states. The protocol is simultaneously legitimate, anonymous, blind, verifiable and irreducible. In order to prevent malicious tampering of the public content, we introduce the distributed proof of work (PoW) consensus algorithm in blockchain as a database mechanism for voting participants. The voting protocol utilizes four-particle entangled states as a quantum resource to perform only single-particle operations, as well as GHZ basis measurements and |0 >,|1 >\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\left\{ | 0 \rangle ,| 1\rangle \right\} $$\end{document}-basis measurements. This means that our protocol can be successfully implemented using existing quantum information processing techniques. We conduct simulation experiments on the proposed voting protocol on the IBM Qiskit platform, and the results show that it is correct and feasible.

关键词： Quantum voting superdense coding Unitary operator Four-particle entangled states

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Quantum Two-Way Protocol Beyond superdense coding: Joint Transfer of Data and Entanglement

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON QUANTUM ENGINEERING

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON QUANTUM ENGINEERING 2025年第1期6卷 1-8页

作者： Jensen, Kristian S. Valentini, Lorenzo Christensen, Rene B. Chiani, Marco Popovski, Petar Aalborg Univ Dept Elect Syst DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark Univ Bologna Dept Elect Elect & Informat Engn Natl Lab Wireless Commun CNIT I-40126 Bologna Italy Aalborg Univ Dept Math Sci DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

In this article, we introduce a generalization of one-way superdense coding to two-way communication protocols for transmitting classical bits by using entangled quantum pairs. The proposed protocol jointly addresses the provision of entangled pairs and superdense coding, introducing an integrated approach for managing entanglement within the communication protocol. To assess the performance of the proposed protocol, we consider its data rate and resource usage, and we analyze this both in an ideal setting with no decoherence and in a more realistic setting where decoherence must be taken into account. In the ideal case, the proposal offers a 50% increase in both data rate and resource usage efficiency compared to conventional protocols. Even when decoherence is taken into consideration, the quantum protocol performs better as long as the decoherence time is not extremely short. Finally, we present the results of implementing the protocol in a computer simulation based on the NetSquid framework. We compare the simulation results with the theoretical values.

关键词： Qubit Protocols Encoding Photonics Quantum entanglement Quantum channels Metadata Throughput Proposals Repeaters Quantum communication superdense coding time-division duplexing two-way communication

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superdense coding via Hot Trapped Ions

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2004年第6期41卷 871-874页

作者： QINTao FENGMang GAOKe-Lin Mathema-tics TheChineseAcademyofSciencesWuhan430071China

superdense coding plays an important role in quantum information and can be performed with trapped ions. By confining the ions in a linear trap or a trap-cavity setup, we propose schemes to implement a reliable superdense coding by means of bichromatic radiation method. Experimental feasibility and reliability for achieving our schemes is discussed in detail.

关键词： superdense coding hot trapped ions cavity decoherence

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superdense coding WITH SINGLE-PARTICLE ENTANGLEMENT

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JOURNAL OF RUSSIAN LASER RESEARCH 2009年第5期30卷 427-434页

作者： Dunningham, Jacob A. Univ Leeds Sch Phys & Astron Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England

Recent work has explored the idea that nonlocality or entanglement involving a single particle should be taken seriously and has real measurable consequences. Theoretical and experimental schemes have shown, for example, that single-particle states can violate Bell's inequalities. Here we discuss the possibility of using single-particle entanglement for implementing a superdense coding protocol. Particle-number superselection rules restrict this scheme to being able to transmit log(2)(3) bits of information. While this falls short of the two-particle limit of two bits, it still exceeds what can be achieved without entanglement.

关键词： nonlocality mode entanglement superdense coding

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superdense coding with Uniformly Accelerated Particle

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS 2017年第3期56卷 706-719页

作者： Farahmand, Mehrnoosh Mohammadzadeh, Hosein Mehri-Dehnavi, Hossein Rahimi, Robabeh Univ Mohaghegh Ardabili Dept Phys POB 179 Ardebil Iran Babol Noshirvani Univ Technol Dept Phys Babol Sar *** Iran Islamic Azad Univ Dept Phys Sci & Res Branch Tehran Iran

We study superdense coding with uniformly accelerated particle in single mode approximation and beyond single mode approximation. We use four different functions, the capacity of superdense coding, negativity, discord and the probability of success for evaluating the final results. In single mode approximation, all the four functions behave as expected, however in beyond single mode approximation, except the probability of success, the other three functions represent peculiar behaviors at least for special ranges where the beyond single mode approximation is strong.

关键词： superdense coding Non-inertial frame Single and beyond single mode approximation

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superdense coding facilitated by hyper-entanglement and quantum networks 2

Superdense coding facilitated by hyper-entanglement and quan...

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Conference on Ultrafast Bandgap Photonics II

作者： Smith, James F., III Naval Res Lab Code 5741 Washington DC 20375 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510608887

ISBN: (纸本)9781510608870;9781510608887

A method of generating superdense coding based on quantum hyper-entanglement and facilitated by quantum networks is discussed. superdense coding refers to the coding of more than one classical bit into each qubit. Quantum hyperentanglement refers to quantum entanglement in more than one degree of freedom, e.g. polarization, energy-time, and orbital angular momentum (OAM). The new superdense coding scheme permits 2L bits to be encoded into each qubit where L is the number of degrees of freedom used for quantum hyper-entanglement. The superdense coding procedure is based on a generalization of the Bell state for L degrees of freedom. Theory describing the structure, generation/transmission, and detection of the generalized Bell state is developed. Circuit models are provided describing the generation/transmission process and detection process. Detection processes are represented mathematically as projection operators. A mathematical proof that that the detection scheme permits the generalized Bell states to be distinguished with 100% probability is provided. Measures of effectiveness (MOEs) are derived for the superdense coding scheme based on open systems theory represented in terms of density operators. Noise and loss related to generation/transmission, detection and propagation are included. The MOEs include various probabilities, quantum Chernoff bound, a measure of the number of message photons that must be transmitted to successfully send and receive a message, SNR and the quantum Cramer Rao' lower bound. Quantum networks with quantum memory are used to increase the efficiency of the superdense coding scheme.

关键词： superdense coding generalized Bell state Bell state measurement and generation hyper-entanglement quantum network/repeater teleportation entanglement swapping quantum memory SWAPC quantum sensing Bell state measurement

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High-capacity three-party quantum secret sharing with superdense coding

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Chinese Physics B 2009年第11期18卷 4690-4694页

作者：顾斌李传起徐飞陈玉林 College of Math and Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST)

This paper presents a scheme for high-capacity three-party quantum secret sharing with quantum superdense coding, following some ideas in the work by Liuet al （2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 022304） and the quantum secret sharing scheme by Deng et al （2008 Phys. Lett. A 372 1957）. Instead of using two sets of nonorthogonal states, the boss Alice needs only to prepare a sequence of Einstei^Podolsky-l^osen pairs in d-dimension. The two agents Bob and Charlie encode their information with dense coding unitary operations, and security is checked by inserting decoy photons. The scheme has a high capacity and intrinsic efficiency as each pair can carry 21bd bits of information, and almost all the pairs can be used for carrying useful information.

关键词： quantum secret sharing three-party high-capacity superdense coding

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Optimal superdense coding of entangled states

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2006年第8期52卷 3635-3641页

作者： Abeyesinghe, Anura Hayden, Patrick Smith, Graeme Winter, Andreas J. CALTECH Inst Quantum Informat Pasadena CA 91125 USA McGill Univ Sch Comp Sci Montreal PQ H2A 3A7 Canada Univ Bristol Dept Math Bristol BS8 1UB Avon England

In this paper, we present a one-shot method for preparing pure entangled states between a sender and a receiver at a minimal cost of entanglement and quantum communication. In the case of preparing unentangled states, an earlier paper showed that a 2l-qubit quantum state could be communicated to a receiver by physically transmitting only l + o(l) qubits in addition to consuming l ebits of entanglement and some shared randomness. When the states to be prepared are entangled, we find that there is a reduction in the number of qubits that need to be transmitted, interpolating between no communication at all for maximally entangled states and the earlier two-for-one result of the unentangled case, all without the use of any shared randomness. We also present two applications of our result: a direct proof of the achievability of the optimal superdense coding protocol for entangled states produced by a memoryless source, and a demonstration that the quantum identification capacity of an ebit is two qubits.

关键词： concentration of measure entanglement identification remote state preparation superdense coding

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Quantum teleportation and superdense coding through the composite W-Bell channel

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QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING 2013年第5期12卷 1957-1967页

作者： Zhang, Zhi-hua Shu, Lan Mo, Zhi-wen Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Math Sci Chengdu 611731 Sichuan Provinc Peoples R China Sichuan Normal Univ Coll Math & Software Sci Chengdu 610068 Sichuan Provinc Peoples R China

The states of triqubit systems have an important category W states. A class of asymmetric W states |W (n) >(123) were proposed by Agrawal and Pati (Phys Rev A 74:062320, 2006). We introduce an entangled system composed of the |W (n) >(123) states and Bell pairs and show its utility for perfect teleportation and superdense coding.

关键词： Quantum teleportation superdense coding W state Bell-state

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Mutually Unbiased Measurements, Hadamard Matrices, and superdense coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2023年第6期69卷 3814-3824页

作者： Farkas, Mate Kaniewski, Jedrzej Nayak, Ashwin Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol ICFO Inst Photon Sci Castelldefels 08860 Spain Univ Warsaw Fac Phys PL-02093 Warsaw Poland Univ Waterloo Dept Combinator & Optimizat Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Univ Waterloo Inst Quantum Comp Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) are highly symmetric bases on complex Hilbert spaces, and the corresponding rank-1 projective measurements are ubiquitous in quantum information theory. In this work, we study a recently introduced generalisation of MUBs called mutually unbiased measurements (MUMs). These measurements inherit the essential property of complementarity from MUBs, but the Hilbert space dimension is no longer required to match the number of outcomes. This operational complementarity property renders MUMs highly useful for device-independent quantum information processing. It has been shown that MUMs are strictly more general than MUBs. In this work we provide a complete proof of the characterisation of MUMs that are direct sums of MUBs. We then construct new examples of MUMs that are not direct sums of MUBs. A crucial technical tool for this construction is a correspondence with quaternionic Hadamard matrices, which allows us to map known examples of such matrices to MUMs that are not direct sums of MUBs. Furthermore, we show that-in stark contrast with MUBs-the number of MUMs for a fixed outcome number is unbounded. Next, we focus on the use of MUMs in quantum communication. We demonstrate how any pair of MUMs with d outcomes defines a d-dimensional superdense coding protocol. Using MUMs that are not direct sums of MUBs, we disprove a recent conjecture due to Nayak and Yuen on the rigidity of superdense coding, for infinitely many dimensions. The superdense coding protocols arising in the refutation reveal how shared entanglement may be used in a manner heretofore unknown.

关键词： Mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) mutually unbiased measurements (MUMs) hadamard matrix of unitary operators quaternionic Hadamard matrix perfect sequences superdense coding rigidity shared entanglement

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